BOOKS - Polyandry and Wife-Selling in Qing Dynasty China
Polyandry and Wife-Selling in Qing Dynasty China - Matthew H. Sommer August 1, 2015 PDF  BOOKS
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Polyandry and Wife-Selling in Qing Dynasty China
Author: Matthew H. Sommer
Year: August 1, 2015
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.0 MB
Language: English



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Polyandry and WifeSelling in Qing Dynasty China: An In-Depth Analysis Polyandry and wifeselling, two seemingly contradictory practices, played a crucial role in the survival strategies of rural poor families during the Qing dynasty (1641-1912) in China. These practices were employed by families facing overpopulation, worsening sex ratios, and shrinking farm sizes, which led to daunting poverty and social crisis. In his book, Matthew Sommer delves into the legal cases of these practices, providing a nuanced understanding of the functions they served and the challenges they posed to the Confucian vision of female chastity. This article will explore the plot of the book, focusing on the need to study and understand the technological process of developing modern knowledge as the basis for humanity's survival and unity. The Plot The book begins with an introduction to polyandry and wifeselling, explaining their significance in rural China during the Qing dynasty. The author then delves into the legal cases of these practices, analyzing over 1200 court records from local and central archives. The book is divided into four chapters, each exploring a different aspect of polyandry and wifeselling. Chapter One: Polyandry - A Means to Keep the Family Together In this chapter, the author examines how polyandry was used as a means to keep the family together, particularly among rural poor families facing poverty and overpopulation. Women would bring in a second husband to help support their family, expanding the family unit and ensuring its survival.
Polyandry and WifeSelling in Qing Dynasty China: An Углубленный анализ Polyandry and wifeselling, две, казалось бы, противоречивые практики, сыграли решающую роль в стратегиях выживания сельских бедных семей во время династии Цин (1641-1912) в Китае. Эта практика применялась семьями, столкнувшимися с перенаселением, ухудшением соотношения полов и сокращением размеров фермерских хозяйств, что привело к пугающей бедности и социальному кризису. В своей книге Мэтью Соммер углубляется в юридические кейсы этих практик, предоставляя тонкое понимание функций, которые они выполняли, и проблем, которые они ставили перед конфуцианским видением женского целомудрия. Эта статья будет исследовать сюжет книги, акцентируя внимание на необходимости изучения и понимания технологического процесса развития современных знаний как основы выживания и единства человечества. Сюжет Книга начинается с введения в полиандрию и вайфезеллинг, объясняющего их значение в сельском Китае во времена династии Цин. Затем автор углубляется в юридические случаи этих практик, анализируя более 1200 судебных записей из местных и центральных архивов. Книга разделена на четыре главы, каждая из которых исследует различные аспекты полиандрии и вайфселлинга. Глава первая: Полиандрия - средство сохранить семью В этой главе автор рассматривает, как полиандрия использовалась в качестве средства сохранения семьи, особенно среди сельских бедных семей, сталкивающихся с бедностью и перенаселением. Женщины приглашали второго мужа, чтобы поддержать свою семью, расширить семью и обеспечить ее выживание.
Polyandry et WifeSelling in Qing Dynasty China : Une analyse approfondie de Polyandry et wifeselling, deux pratiques apparemment contradictoires, ont joué un rôle crucial dans les stratégies de survie des familles rurales pauvres pendant la dynastie Qing (1641-1912) en Chine. Ces pratiques ont été appliquées par des familles confrontées à la surpopulation, à la détérioration du rapport des sexes et à la réduction de la taille des exploitations agricoles, ce qui a entraîné une pauvreté et une crise sociale effrayantes. Dans son livre, Matthew Sommer explore les cas juridiques de ces praticiens en leur fournissant une compréhension subtile des fonctions qu'ils exerçaient et des problèmes qu'ils posaient à la vision confucéenne de la chasteté féminine. Cet article explorera l'histoire du livre, en mettant l'accent sur la nécessité d'étudier et de comprendre le processus technologique du développement des connaissances modernes comme base de la survie et de l'unité de l'humanité. L'histoire du Livre commence par une introduction à la polyandrie et au weifezelling, expliquant leur importance dans la Chine rurale pendant la dynastie Qing. L'auteur explore ensuite les cas juridiques de ces pratiques en analysant plus de 1 200 dossiers judiciaires provenant des archives locales et centrales. livre est divisé en quatre chapitres, chacun explorant différents aspects de la polyandrie et du Weifselling. Chapitre premier : La polyandrie - un moyen de préserver la famille Dans ce chapitre, l'auteur examine comment la polyandrie a été utilisée pour préserver la famille, en particulier parmi les familles rurales pauvres confrontées à la pauvreté et à la surpopulation. s femmes invitaient le second mari à subvenir aux besoins de leur famille, à élargir la famille et à assurer sa survie.
Polyandry and WifeSelling in Qing Dynasty China: An Análisis en profundidad Polyandry and wifeselling, dos prácticas aparentemente contradictorias, jugaron un papel crucial en las estrategias de supervivencia de las familias pobres rurales durante la dinastía Qing (1641-1912) en China. Esta práctica ha sido aplicada por familias que se enfrentan a la sobrepoblación, al deterioro de la relación de sexos y a la reducción del tamaño de las explotaciones, lo que ha provocado una pobreza y una crisis social alarmantes. En su libro, Matthew Sommer profundiza en los casos legales de estas prácticas, aportando una sutil comprensión de las funciones que desempeñaban y los problemas que planteaban a la visión confuciana de la castidad femenina. Este artículo explorará la trama del libro, centrándose en la necesidad de estudiar y entender el proceso tecnológico del desarrollo del conocimiento moderno como base para la supervivencia y la unidad de la humanidad. La trama libro comienza con una introducción a la poliandria y el weifeselling explicando su importancia en la China rural durante la dinastía Qing. A continuación, el autor profundiza en los casos legales de estas prácticas, analizando más de 1.200 registros judiciales de archivos locales y centrales. libro está dividido en cuatro capítulos, cada uno de los cuales explora diferentes aspectos de la poliandria y el weifselling. Capítulo 1: Poliandria - un medio para preservar a la familia En este capítulo, el autor considera cómo se ha utilizado la poliandria como medio para preservar a la familia, especialmente entre las familias pobres de las zonas rurales que enfrentan pobreza y sobrepoblación. mujeres invitaron a su segundo esposo a mantener a su familia, ampliar la familia y asegurar su supervivencia.
Polyandry and WifeSelling Qing Dynamasty China: An Analisi approfondite di Polyandry and wifeselling, due pratiche apparentemente contrastanti, hanno avuto un ruolo cruciale nelle strategie di sopravvivenza delle famiglie povere rurali durante la dinastia Qing (1641-1912) in Cina. Questa pratica è stata adottata dalle famiglie alle prese con il sovraffollamento, il deterioramento del rapporto tra i sessi e la riduzione delle dimensioni delle aziende agricole, che hanno portato a una spaventosa povertà e a una crisi sociale. Nel suo libro Matthew Sommer approfondisce le valigie legali di queste pratiche, fornendo una delicata comprensione delle funzioni che svolgevano e dei problemi che ponevano alla visione confuciana della castità femminile. Questo articolo esplorerà la trama del libro, ponendo l'accento sulla necessità di studiare e comprendere il processo tecnologico di sviluppo della conoscenza moderna come base per la sopravvivenza e l'unità dell'umanità. La trama del libro inizia con l'introduzione in poliandria e wifeselling che spiega il loro significato nella Cina rurale durante la dinastia Qing. L'autore approfondisce i casi legali di queste pratiche, analizzando più di 1.200 registrazioni legali provenienti dagli archivi locali e centrali. Il libro è suddiviso in quattro capitoli, ognuno dei quali esplora diversi aspetti della poliandria e del wifselling. Capitolo uno: Poliandria - Un mezzo per mantenere la famiglia In questo capitolo, l'autore considera come la poliandria sia stata usata come mezzo per preservare la famiglia, soprattutto tra le famiglie rurali povere che affrontano la povertà e la sovrappopolazione. donne invitavano il secondo marito per sostenere la loro famiglia, allargare la famiglia e garantire la sua sopravvivenza.
Polyandry and WifeSelling in Qing Dynasty China: Eine eingehende Analyse von Polyandry und Wifeselling, zwei scheinbar widersprüchliche Praktiken, spielten eine entscheidende Rolle bei den Überlebensstrategien ländlicher armer Familien während der Qing-Dynastie (1641-1912) in China. Diese Praxis wurde von Familien angewendet, die mit Überbevölkerung, schlechteren Geschlechterverhältnissen und schrumpfenden landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben konfrontiert waren, was zu erschreckender Armut und sozialen Krisen führte. In seinem Buch geht Matthew Sommer tiefer in die rechtlichen Fälle dieser Praktiken ein und bietet einen subtilen Einblick in die Funktionen, die sie ausübten, und die Herausforderungen, die sie an die konfuzianische Vision der weiblichen Keuschheit stellten. Dieser Artikel wird die Handlung des Buches untersuchen und sich auf die Notwendigkeit konzentrieren, den technologischen Prozess der Entwicklung des modernen Wissens als Grundlage für das Überleben und die Einheit der Menschheit zu studieren und zu verstehen. Die Handlung Das Buch beginnt mit einer Einführung in Polyandrie und Weifezelling und erklärt ihre Bedeutung im ländlichen China während der Qing-Dynastie. Der Autor geht dann auf die Rechtsfälle dieser Praktiken ein und analysiert mehr als 1.200 Gerichtsakten aus lokalen und zentralen Archiven. Das Buch ist in vier Kapitel unterteilt, die jeweils verschiedene Aspekte der Polyandrie und des Weifsellings untersuchen. Kapitel eins: Polyandrie - ein Mittel zur Erhaltung der Familie In diesem Kapitel untersucht der Autor, wie Polyandrie als Mittel zur Erhaltung der Familie eingesetzt wurde, insbesondere bei ländlichen armen Familien, die mit Armut und Überbevölkerung konfrontiert sind. Die Frauen luden ihren zweiten Ehemann ein, um ihre Familie zu unterstützen, die Familie zu erweitern und ihr Überleben zu sichern.
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Polyandry and WifeSelling in Qing Dynasty Çin: Görünüşte çelişkili iki uygulama olan Polyandry ve eşlerin derinlemesine bir analizi, Çin'deki Qing Hanedanlığı (1641-1912) sırasında kırsal yoksul ailelerin hayatta kalma stratejilerinde çok önemli bir rol oynadı. Uygulama, aşırı nüfus, kötüleşen cinsiyet oranları ve küçülen çiftlik boyutlarıyla karşı karşıya kalan aileler tarafından benimsenerek korkutucu yoksulluk ve sosyal krize yol açmıştır. Kitabında Matthew Sommer, bu uygulamaların yasal davalarını inceleyerek, gerçekleştirdikleri işlevlerin ve Konfüçyüsçü kadın iffet vizyonuna getirdikleri zorlukların nüanslı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlar. Bu makale, insanlığın hayatta kalması ve birliğinin temeli olarak modern bilginin gelişiminin teknolojik sürecini inceleme ve anlama ihtiyacına odaklanarak kitabın konusunu araştıracaktır. Kitap, Çing Hanedanlığı döneminde kırsal Çin'deki önemini açıklayan poliandri ve çiftleşmeye bir giriş ile başlar. Yazar daha sonra bu uygulamaların yasal davalarını inceleyerek yerel ve merkezi arşivlerden 1.200'den fazla mahkeme kaydını analiz ediyor. Kitap, her biri polyandry ve wifeselling'in farklı yönlerini araştıran dört bölüme ayrılmıştır. Birinci Bölüm: Poliandri - Bir Aileyi Koruma Aracı Bu bölümde yazar, poliandrinin, özellikle yoksulluk ve aşırı nüfus ile karşı karşıya kalan kırsal yoksul aileler arasında bir aileyi bir arada tutmak için bir araç olarak nasıl kullanıldığına bakar. Kadınlar ailelerini desteklemek, aileyi genişletmek ve hayatta kalmasını sağlamak için ikinci bir koca davet ettiler.
Polyandry and WifeSeling in Qing Dynasty China: لعب تحليل متعمق لبولياندري والزوجات، وهما ممارستان متناقضتان على ما يبدو، دورًا حاسمًا في استراتيجيات بقاء الأسر الريفية الفقيرة خلال عهد أسرة تشينغ (1641-1912) في الصين. تم تبني هذه الممارسة من قبل العائلات التي تواجه الاكتظاظ السكاني، وتفاقم نسب الجنس وتقلص أحجام المزارع، مما أدى إلى الفقر المخيف والأزمة الاجتماعية. في كتابه، يتعمق ماثيو سومر في القضايا القانونية لهذه الممارسات، مما يوفر فهمًا دقيقًا للوظائف التي يؤدونها والتحديات التي يمثلونها للرؤية الكونفوشيوسية لعفة الإناث. ستستكشف هذه المقالة حبكة الكتاب، مع التركيز على الحاجة إلى دراسة وفهم العملية التكنولوجية لتطوير المعرفة الحديثة كأساس لبقاء البشرية ووحدتها. Plot يبدأ الكتاب بمقدمة عن تعدد الزوجات والزوجات، موضحًا أهميتها في المناطق الريفية في الصين خلال عهد أسرة تشينغ. ثم يتعمق صاحب البلاغ في القضايا القانونية لهذه الممارسات، ويحلل أكثر من 1 200 سجلات قضائية من المحفوظات المحلية والمركزية. ينقسم الكتاب إلى أربعة فصول، يستكشف كل منها جوانب مختلفة من تعدد الزوجات والزوجات. الفصل الأول: تعدد الأزواج - وسيلة للحفاظ على أسرة في هذا الفصل، ينظر المؤلف في كيفية استخدام تعدد الأزواج كوسيلة للحفاظ على تماسك الأسرة، خاصة بين الأسر الريفية الفقيرة التي تواجه الفقر والاكتظاظ السكاني. ودعت المرأة زوجا ثانيا لإعالة أسرتها وتوسيع نطاق الأسرة وضمان بقائها.

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