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The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan - Donald F. McCallum December 1, 2008 PDF  BOOKS
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The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan
Author: Donald F. McCallum
Year: December 1, 2008
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 18 MB
Language: English



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The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan Introduction: In the seventh century, Japan experienced a significant flowering of Buddhism, which led to the construction of the Four Great Temples, Kudara Odera, Kawaradera, Yakushiji, and Horyuji. These structures are not only historically important but also represent a crucial period in Japanese history. However, due to their ruined state, they have received limited attention in Western literature, with most focus being placed on Horyuji, a beautifully preserved structure. In this book, Donald McCallum seeks to restore the Four Great Temples to their proper place in Japanese Buddhism and architecture by providing a detailed account of their excavations, layouts, foundations, tiles, relics, and icons. This comprehensive study combines archaeological and documentary data to clarify historical problems that have resisted plausible solutions. Chapter 1: The Discovery of Kudara Odera The first chapter delves into the discovery of Kudara Odera, the first royal temple in Japan, which was previously known only through textual references. The author describes how the platform, the appropriate size for a large pagoda, was uncovered at Kibi Pond, indicating the reliability of the textual sources.
The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan Introduction: In the Seventh Century, Japan Huddhism, which lead to the construction of the Four Great Temples, Kawaradera, Yakusiji, and Horyuji. Эти структуры не только исторически важны, но и представляют собой решающий период в истории Японии. Однако из-за разрушенного состояния они получили ограниченное внимание в западной литературе, при этом основное внимание было уделено Хорюдзи, прекрасно сохранившемуся сооружению. В этой книге Дональд Маккаллум стремится восстановить Четыре Великих Храма на их надлежащем месте в японском буддизме и архитектуре, предоставив подробный отчет об их раскопках, планировках, фундаменте, плитке, реликвиях и иконах. Это комплексное исследование объединяет археологические и документальные данные, чтобы прояснить исторические проблемы, которые сопротивлялись правдоподобным решениям. Глава 1: Открытие Кудары Одеры Первая глава углубляется в открытие Кудары Одеры, первого королевского храма в Японии, который ранее был известен только благодаря текстологическим ссылкам. Автор описывает, как платформа, подходящего размера для большой пагоды, была раскрыта на пруду Киби, указывая на достоверность текстовых источников.
The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan Introduction: In the Seventh Century, Japan Huddhism, which lead to the construction of the Four Great Temples, Kawaradera, Yakusiji, and Horyuji. Non seulement ces structures sont importantes historiquement, mais elles représentent une période cruciale de l'histoire du Japon. Cependant, en raison de l'état ruiné, ils ont reçu une attention limitée dans la littérature occidentale, en se concentrant sur Horyuji, une construction parfaitement conservée. Dans ce livre, Donald McCallum cherche à reconstruire les quatre Grands Temples à leur place dans le bouddhisme et l'architecture japonais en fournissant un compte rendu détaillé de leurs excavations, plans, fondations, tuiles, reliques et icônes. Cette étude complète rassemble des données archéologiques et documentaires afin de clarifier les problèmes historiques qui ont résisté à des solutions plausibles. Chapitre 1 : Découverte de Kudara Odera premier chapitre s'approfondit dans la découverte de Kudara Odera, le premier temple royal du Japon, qui n'était connu que grâce à des références textuelles. L'auteur décrit comment une plate-forme adaptée à une grande pagode a été révélée sur l'étang de Kibi, indiquant la validité des sources textuelles.
The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan Introduction: In the Seventh Century, Japan Huddhism, which lead to the construction of the Four Great Temples, Kawaradera, Yakusiji, and Horyuji. Estas estructuras no sólo son históricamente importantes, sino que representan un período crucial en la historia de Japón. n embargo, debido a su condición destruida, recibieron una atención limitada en la literatura occidental, con el foco puesto en Horyuji, una estructura perfectamente conservada. En este libro, Donald McCallum busca restaurar los Cuatro Grandes Templos en su lugar adecuado en el budismo y la arquitectura japonesa, proporcionando un informe detallado de sus excavaciones, diseños, cimientos, azulejos, reliquias e iconos. Este amplio estudio reúne datos arqueológicos y documentales para aclarar problemas históricos que se han resistido a soluciones plausibles. Capítulo 1: Descubrimiento de Kudara Odera primer capítulo profundiza en el descubrimiento de Kudara Odera, el primer templo real en Japón que antes solo era conocido por referencias textuales. autor describe cómo una plataforma de tamaño adecuado para una gran pagoda fue revelada en el estanque de Kibi, indicando la veracidad de las fuentes textuales.
The Four Great Temples: Buddhist Archaeology, Architecture, and Icons of Seventh-Century Japan Introduction: In the Seventh Century, Japan Huddhism, which lead to the construction of the Four Great Temples, Kawaradera, Yakusiji, and Horyuji. Diese Strukturen sind nicht nur historisch wichtig, sondern stellen auch eine entscheidende Periode in der Geschichte Japans dar. Aufgrund des zerstörten Zustands erhielten sie jedoch nur begrenzte Aufmerksamkeit in der westlichen Literatur, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf dem Horyuji lag, einem perfekt erhaltenen Bauwerk. In diesem Buch versucht Donald McCallum, die vier großen Tempel an ihrem richtigen Platz im japanischen Buddhismus und in der Architektur wiederherzustellen, indem er einen detaillierten Bericht über ihre Ausgrabungen, Grundrisse, Fundamente, Fliesen, Relikte und Ikonen liefert. Diese umfassende Studie kombiniert archäologische und dokumentarische Daten, um historische Probleme zu klären, die sich gegen plausible Lösungen gewehrt haben. Kapitel 1: Die Entdeckung der Kudara Odera Das erste Kapitel geht auf die Entdeckung der Kudara Odera ein, des ersten königlichen Tempels in Japan, der bisher nur durch Textbezüge bekannt war. Der Autor beschreibt, wie eine Plattform geeigneter Größe für eine große Pagode am Kibi-Teich enthüllt wurde, was auf die Glaubwürdigkeit der Textquellen hinweist.
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Dört Büyük Tapınak: Yedinci Yüzyıl Japonya'sının Budist Arkeolojisi, Mimarisi ve İkonları Giriş: Yedinci Yüzyılda, Dört Büyük Tapınak, Kawaradera, Yakusiji ve Horyuji'nin inşasına yol açan Japonya Huddizmi. Bu yapılar sadece tarihsel olarak önemli değil, aynı zamanda Japon tarihinde çok önemli bir dönemi temsil ediyor. Bununla birlikte, yıkık devlet nedeniyle, Batı edebiyatında sınırlı ilgi gördüler, odak noktası mükemmel korunmuş bir yapı olan Horyuji'ydi. Bu kitapta Donald McCallum, Dört Büyük Tapınağı, kazıları, düzenleri, temelleri, fayansları, kalıntıları ve ikonları hakkında ayrıntılı bir açıklama yaparak Japon Budizmi ve mimarisinde uygun yerlerine geri getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamlı çalışma, makul çözümlere direnen tarihsel sorunları açıklığa kavuşturmak için arkeolojik ve belgesel verileri birleştiriyor. Bölüm 1: Kudara Odera'nın Keşfi İlk bölüm, daha önce sadece metinsel referanslarla bilinen Japonya'daki ilk kraliyet tapınağı olan Kudara Odera'nın keşfine değiniyor. Yazar, büyük bir pagoda için uygun boyutta bir platformun, metin kaynaklarının güvenilirliğini gösteren Kibi Pond'da nasıl ortaya çıktığını anlatıyor.
المعابد الأربعة العظيمة: علم الآثار البوذي، والهندسة المعمارية، وأيقونات اليابان في القرن السابع مقدمة: في القرن السابع، الحدسية اليابانية، والتي أدت إلى بناء المعابد الأربعة الكبرى، كاواراديرا، ياكوسيجي، وهوري يوجي. هذه الهياكل ليست مهمة تاريخيًا فحسب، بل تمثل فترة حاسمة في التاريخ الياباني. ومع ذلك، نظرًا للحالة المدمرة، فقد تلقوا اهتمامًا محدودًا في الأدب الغربي، مع التركيز على Horyuji، وهو هيكل محفوظ تمامًا. في هذا الكتاب، يسعى دونالد ماكالوم إلى استعادة المعابد الأربعة الكبرى إلى مكانها المناسب في البوذية والهندسة المعمارية اليابانية من خلال تقديم سرد مفصل لعمليات التنقيب والتخطيطات والأساسات والبلاط والآثار والأيقونات. تجمع هذه الدراسة الشاملة بين البيانات الأثرية والوثائقية لتوضيح القضايا التاريخية التي قاومت الحلول المعقولة. الفصل 1: اكتشاف كودارا أوديرا يتعمق الفصل الأول في اكتشاف كودارا أوديرا، أول معبد ملكي في اليابان، والذي كان معروفًا سابقًا فقط من خلال المراجع النصية. يصف المؤلف كيف تم الكشف عن منصة، بحجم مناسب لمعبد كبير، في كيبي بوند، مما يشير إلى موثوقية مصادر النص.

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