BOOKS - The Education of a Radical: An American Revolutionary in Sandinista Nicaragua
The Education of a Radical: An American Revolutionary in Sandinista Nicaragua - Michael Johns January 1, 2012 PDF  BOOKS
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The Education of a Radical: An American Revolutionary in Sandinista Nicaragua
Author: Michael Johns
Year: January 1, 2012
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 11 MB
Language: English



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The Education of a Radical: An American Revolutionary in Sandinista Nicaragua As I embarked on my journey to Nicaragua in 1983, I was filled with idealistic dreams and a sense of purpose. With nothing but a tourist visa and $1500 in cash, I set out to join the Sandinista militia, driven by the belief that I could make a difference in this war-torn country. My fellow revolutionary dubbed me "rabano a red on the outside but white on the inside, and it would take me years to understand the wisdom of this label. In college, I had joined the Latin American Solidarity Association and traveled to Chiapas, Mexico, for research on my senior thesis. The poverty I witnessed there left an indelible mark on my conscience, and I became fascinated by the idea of turning peasants into revolutionaries. My Marxist professor encouraged me to travel to Nicaragua, and before I knew it, I was digging trenches and learning how to use an AK47. My intellectual ideals were put to the test as I faced the harsh realities of revolutionary life. The US invasion of Grenada sent shockwaves through the Sandinistas, who believed they were the next target for an imminent American invasion.
Образование радикала: американский революционер в сандинистской Никарагуа Когда я отправился в путешествие в Никарагуа в 1983 году, меня наполнили идеалистические мечты и чувство цели. Не имея ничего, кроме туристической визы и 1500 долларов наличными, я намеревался присоединиться к сандинистскому ополчению, движимый верой в то, что я могу изменить ситуацию в этой раздираемой войной стране. Мой коллега-революционер назвал меня «рабано» красным снаружи, но белым внутри, и мне понадобятся годы, чтобы понять мудрость этого ярлыка. В колледже я присоединился к Латиноамериканской ассоциации солидарности и отправился в Чьяпас, Мексика, для исследования моей дипломной работы. Бедность, свидетелем которой я там был, оставила неизгладимый след в моей совести, и я был очарован идеей превращения крестьян в революционеров. Мой профессор-марксист призвал меня поехать в Никарагуа, и, прежде чем я это узнал, я рыл окопы и учился пользоваться АК47. Мои интеллектуальные идеалы были подвергнуты испытанию, когда я столкнулся с суровыми реалиями революционной жизни. Вторжение США на Гренаду послало ударные волны через сандинистов, которые считали, что они являются следующей целью для неминуемого американского вторжения.
Éducation radicale : révolutionnaire américain dans un Nicaragua sandiniste Quand je suis parti en voyage au Nicaragua en 1983, j'ai été rempli de rêves idéalistes et de sens du but. N'ayant que visa touristique et 1500 $ en liquide, j'avais l'intention de me joindre à une milice sandiniste, animée par la conviction que je pouvais faire la différence dans ce pays déchiré par la guerre. Mon collègue révolutionnaire m'a traité de « rabano » rouge dehors, mais blanc à l'intérieur, et il me faudra des années pour comprendre la sagesse de cette étiquette. Au collège, j'ai rejoint l'Association latino-américaine de solidarité et je suis allé au Chiapas, au Mexique, pour étudier ma thèse. La pauvreté dont j'y ai été témoin a laissé une trace indélébile dans ma conscience et j'ai été fasciné par l'idée de transformer les paysans en révolutionnaires. Mon professeur marxiste m'a encouragé à aller au Nicaragua, et avant que je le sache, j'ai creusé des tranchées et appris à utiliser le AK47. Mes idéaux intellectuels ont été mis à l'épreuve lorsque j'ai été confronté aux dures réalités de la vie révolutionnaire. L'invasion américaine de la Grenade a envoyé des ondes de choc par l'intermédiaire des sandinistes, qui pensaient qu'ils étaient la prochaine cible d'une invasion américaine imminente.
La educación de un radical: un revolucionario estadounidense en la Nicaragua sandinista Cuando me embarcé en un viaje a Nicaragua en 1983, me llenaron de sueños idealistas y de sentido de propósito. Con nada más que una visa de turista y 1.500 dólares en efectivo, me propuse unirme a la milicia sandinista, impulsada por la creencia de que podía marcar la diferencia en este país desgarrado por la guerra. Mi colega revolucionario me llamó «rabano» rojo por fuera, pero blanco por dentro, y me llevará entender la sabiduría de esta etiqueta. En el colegio me uní a la Asociación Latinoamericana de Solidaridad y viajé a Chiapas, México, para investigar mi tesis. La pobreza de la que fui testigo dejó una huella indeleble en mi conciencia y me fascinó la idea de convertir a los campesinos en revolucionarios. Mi profesor marxista me animó a ir a Nicaragua y, antes de enterarme, cavé trincheras y aprendí a usar AK47. Mis ideales intelectuales fueron puestos a prueba cuando me enfrenté a las duras realidades de la vida revolucionaria. La invasión estadounidense de Granada envió ondas de choque a través de los sandinistas, que creían que eran el próximo objetivo para la inminente invasión estadounidense.
Formação radical: Revolucionário americano na Nicarágua sandinista Quando viajei para a Nicarágua, em 1983, fui preenchido por sonhos idealistas e objetivos. Sem visto de turismo e 1500 dólares em dinheiro, eu pretendia juntar-me a uma milícia sandinista, impulsionada pela crença de que poderia mudar a situação neste país devastado pela guerra. O meu colega revolucionário chamou-me «escrano» vermelho lá fora, mas branco lá dentro, e vou levar anos a entender a sabedoria deste rótulo. Na faculdade, juntei-me à Associação Latino-Americana de Solidariedade e fui a Chiapas, no México, para pesquisar o meu diploma. A pobreza que presenciei deixou uma marca indelével na minha consciência, e fiquei fascinado com a ideia de transformar os camponeses em revolucionários. O meu professor marxista chamou-me para ir à Nicarágua, e antes de descobrir, eu estava a cavar as trincheiras e a aprender a usar o AC47. Os meus ideais intelectuais foram colocados à prova quando enfrentei a dura realidade da vida revolucionária. A invasão da Granada pelos EUA enviou ondas de choque por meio de sandinistas que acreditavam ser o próximo alvo de uma invasão americana iminente.
Formazione radicale: rivoluzionario americano nel Nicaragua sandinista Quando ho intrapreso un viaggio in Nicaragua nel 1983, sono stato riempito di sogni idealisti e senso di scopo. Non avevo altro che un visto turistico e 1.500 dollari in contanti, avevo intenzione di unirmi alla milizia sandinista, spinta dalla convinzione di poter cambiare la situazione in questo paese devastato dalla guerra. Il mio collega rivoluzionario mi ha chiamato «schiavo» rosso fuori, ma bianco dentro, e ci vorranno anni per capire la saggezza di questa etichetta. Al college mi sono unito all'Associazione Ispanica di Solidarietà e sono andato in Chiipas, Messico, per studiare il mio lavoro di laurea. La povertà che ho assistito ha lasciato un segno indelebile nella mia coscienza, e sono rimasto affascinato dall'idea di trasformare i contadini in rivoluzionari. Il mio professore marxista mi ha chiesto di andare in Nicaragua, e prima di scoprirlo, ho scavato trincee e ho imparato a usare l'AC47. I miei ideali intellettuali sono stati messi alla prova quando ho affrontato le dure realtà della vita rivoluzionaria. L'invasione della Grenada da parte degli Stati Uniti ha mandato onde d'attacco attraverso i sandinisti, che credevano di essere il prossimo obiettivo per un'imminente invasione americana.
Bildung eines Radikalen: ein amerikanischer Revolutionär im sandinistischen Nicaragua Als ich 1983 eine Reise nach Nicaragua unternahm, war ich erfüllt von idealistischen Träumen und Zielstrebigkeit. Mit nichts als einem Touristenvisum und 1.500 Dollar in bar wollte ich mich der sandinistischen Miliz anschließen, angetrieben von dem Glauben, dass ich in diesem vom Krieg zerrissenen Land etwas bewegen könnte. Mein revolutionärer Kollege nannte mich draußen „Rabano“ rot, aber drinnen weiß, und ich werde Jahre brauchen, um die Weisheit dieses Etiketts zu verstehen. Im College trat ich der Lateinamerikanischen Solidaritätsvereinigung bei und ging nach Chiapas, Mexiko, um meine Diplomarbeit zu studieren. Die Armut, die ich dort erlebte, hinterließ unauslöschliche Spuren in meinem Gewissen, und ich war fasziniert von der Idee, Bauern zu Revolutionären zu machen. Mein marxistischer Professor ermutigte mich, nach Nicaragua zu gehen, und bevor ich es wusste, grub ich Gräben und lernte, AK47 zu benutzen. Meine intellektuellen Ideale wurden auf die Probe gestellt, als ich mit den harten Realitäten des revolutionären bens konfrontiert wurde. Die US-Invasion in Grenada schickte Schockwellen durch die Sandinisten, die glaubten, sie seien das nächste Ziel für eine bevorstehende amerikanische Invasion.
חינוך רדיקלי: מהפכה אמריקאית בסנדיניסטה ניקרגואה כאשר נסעתי לטיול לניקרגואה ב-1983, התמלאתי בחלומות אידיאליסטיים ותחושת מטרה. עם ויזת תייר ו1500 דולר במזומן, יצאתי להצטרף למיליציית סנדיניסטה חבריי המהפכנים קראו לי ”רבאנו” אדום מבחוץ אבל לבן מבפנים, וייקח לי שנים להבין את חוכמת התווית הזו. בקולג ”הצטרפתי לאיגוד הסולידריות של אמריקה הלטינית ונסעתי לצ” יאפס שבמקסיקו כדי לחקור את התזה שלי. העוני שהייתי עד לו הותיר חותם בל יימחה על מצפוני, והרעיון להפוך איכרים למהפכנים ריתק אותי. הפרופסור המרקסיסטי שלי עודד אותי לנסוע לניקרגואה, ולפני שהבנתי את זה, אני חופר תעלות ולומד להשתמש ב-AK47. האידיאלים האינטלקטואליים שלי הועמדו למבחן כאשר התמודדתי עם המציאות הקשה של החיים המהפכניים. הפלישה האמריקאית לגרנדה שלחה גלי הלם דרך הסנדיניסטים, שהאמינו שהם המטרה הבאה לפלישה אמריקאית קרובה.''
Radikal Eğitim: Sandinista Nikaragua'da Bir Amerikalı Devrimci 1983'te Nikaragua'ya seyahate gittiğimde, idealist hayaller ve bir amaç duygusuyla doluydum. Turist vizesi ve 1.500 dolar nakit dışında hiçbir şey olmadan, savaşın yıktığı bu ülkede bir fark yaratabileceğim inancıyla hareket eden Sandinista milislerine katılmaya karar verdim. Devrimci arkadaşım bana dışarıdan "rabano" kırmızısı, içeriden beyaz diyordu ve bu etiketin bilgeliğini anlamam yıllar alacak. Üniversitede Latin Amerika Dayanışma Derneği'ne katıldım ve tezimi araştırmak için Chiapas, Meksika'ya gittim. Orada tanık olduğum yoksulluk vicdanımda silinmez bir iz bıraktı ve köylüleri devrimcilere dönüştürme fikri beni büyüledi. Marksist profesörüm Nikaragua'ya gitmem için beni teşvik etti ve ne olduğunu anlamadan siper kazıyor ve AK47 kullanmayı öğreniyordum. Entelektüel ideallerim, devrimci yaşamın acı gerçekleriyle karşılaştığımda sınandı. ABD'nin Grenada'yı işgali, yakın bir Amerikan işgali için bir sonraki hedef olduklarına inanan Sandinistalara şok dalgaları gönderdi.
التعليم الراديكالي: ثوري أمريكي في الساندينيستا نيكاراغوا عندما ذهبت في رحلة إلى نيكاراغوا في عام 1983، كنت مليئًا بالأحلام المثالية والشعور بالهدف. مع عدم وجود أي شيء سوى تأشيرة سياحية و 1500 دولار نقدًا، شرعت في الانضمام إلى ميليشيا ساندينيستا مدفوعة بالاعتقاد بأنه يمكنني إحداث فرق في هذا البلد الذي مزقته الحرب. وصفني زميلي الثوري بـ «رابانو» باللون الأحمر من الخارج ولكن أبيض من الداخل، وسيستغرق الأمر سنوات لفهم حكمة هذه التسمية. في الكلية، انضممت إلى جمعية التضامن لأمريكا اللاتينية وسافرت إلى تشياباس بالمكسيك للبحث في أطروحتي. ترك الفقر الذي شاهدته هناك بصمة لا تمحى على ضميري، وكنت مفتونًا بفكرة تحويل الفلاحين إلى ثوار. شجعني أستاذي الماركسي على الذهاب إلى نيكاراغوا، وقبل أن أعرف ذلك، كنت أحفر الخنادق وأتعلم استخدام AK47. تم اختبار مُثلي الفكرية عندما واجهت الحقائق القاسية للحياة الثورية. أرسل الغزو الأمريكي لغرينادا موجات من الصدمة عبر الساندينيين، الذين اعتقدوا أنهم الهدف التالي لغزو أمريكي وشيك.
과격한 교육: Sandinista Nicaragua의 미국 혁명 1983 년 니카라과로 여행을 갔을 때 나는 이상 주의적 꿈과 목적 감각으로 가득 차있었습니다. 관광 비자와 1,500 달러의 현금 만 가지고, 나는이 전쟁이 심한 나라에서 변화를 가져올 수 있다는 믿음으로 인해 Sandinista 민병대에 합류하기 시작했습니다. 저의 동료 혁명가는 저를 외부에는 "라 바노" 라고 불렀지 만 내부에는 흰색이었습니다. 그 레이블의 지혜를 이해하는 데 몇 년이 걸릴 것입니다. 대학에서 저는 라틴 아메리카 연대 협회에 가입하여 멕시코 치아파스를 방문하여 논문을 연구했습니다. 내가 목격 한 빈곤은 양심에 잊을 수없는 표시를 남겼으며 농민을 혁명가로 바꾸 겠다는 생각에 매료되었습니다. 마르크스주의 교수는 내가 니카라과에 가도록 격려했고, 그것을 알기 전에 참호를 파고 AK47을 사용하는 법을 배우고있었습니다. 내가 혁명적 인 삶의 가혹한 현실에 직면했을 때 나의 지적 이상은 시험되었다. 그레나다의 미국 침공은 Sandinistas를 통해 충격파를 보냈다.
激進教育:桑地諾尼加拉瓜的美國革命者當我於1983前往尼加拉瓜旅行時,充滿了理想主義的夢想和目的感。除了旅遊簽證和1,500美元的現金外,我原本打算加入桑迪尼斯塔民兵,因為相信我可以在這個飽受戰爭蹂躪的國家有所作為。我的革命同事稱我外面是「rabano」紅色,裏面是白色,我需要幾時間才能理解這個標簽的智慧。在大學期間,我加入了拉丁美洲團結協會,前往墨西哥恰帕斯州研究我的文憑工作。我在那裏目睹的貧窮在我的良心中留下了不可磨滅的印記,我對把農民變成革命者的想法著迷。我的馬克思主義教授鼓勵我去尼加拉瓜,在我發現之前,我一直在咆哮戰es,學習如何使用AK47。當我面對革命生活的嚴峻現實時,我的智力理想受到了考驗。美國對格林納達的入侵通過桑迪尼斯塔(Sandinista)發出了沖擊波,桑迪尼斯塔(Sandinista)認為這是美國即將入侵的下一個目標。

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