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Science in the Provinces: Scientific Communities and Provincial Leadership in France, 1860-1930 - Mary Jo Nye June 1, 1986 PDF  BOOKS
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Science in the Provinces: Scientific Communities and Provincial Leadership in France, 1860-1930
Author: Mary Jo Nye
Year: June 1, 1986
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 40 KB
Language: English



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The book "Science in the Provinces" by historian David B. Henderson explores the development of scientific communities and provincial leadership in France between 1860 and 1930. The author argues that the provinces played a crucial role in shaping French science during this period, particularly in the areas of agriculture, industry, and public health. Through a series of case studies, Henderson examines how local leaders and scientists collaborated to address regional challenges and improve the lives of their citizens. He also highlights the tensions between centralized authority in Paris and the provinces, demonstrating the importance of understanding the complex relationship between the two. The book begins with an overview of the historical context of French science during the period, including the impact of the Industrial Revolution and the rise of positivism. Henderson then delves into the specifics of scientific life in the provinces, focusing on the work of provincial scientists and their contributions to their communities. He shows how these scientists often had to adapt their research to suit local needs, leading to innovative solutions that were unique to their regions. One of the key themes of the book is the struggle for autonomy between the provinces and the capital city of Paris. Henderson argues that while the capital was focused on maintaining its dominance over the provinces, the provinces were fighting for independence and self-determination.
Книга «Наука в провинциях» историка Дэвида Б. Хендерсона исследует развитие научных сообществ и провинциального лидерства во Франции между 1860 и 1930 годами. Автор утверждает, что провинции сыграли решающую роль в формировании французской науки в этот период, особенно в области сельского хозяйства, промышленности и общественного здравоохранения. С помощью серии тематических исследований Хендерсон изучает, как местные лидеры и ученые сотрудничали для решения региональных проблем и улучшения жизни своих граждан. Он также подчеркивает напряженность между централизованной властью в Париже и провинциями, демонстрируя важность понимания сложных отношений между ними. Книга начинается с обзора исторического контекста французской науки того периода, включая влияние промышленной революции и подъёма позитивизма. Затем Хендерсон углубляется в специфику научной жизни в провинциях, сосредоточившись на работе провинциальных ученых и их вкладе в их сообщества. Он показывает, как этим ученым часто приходилось адаптировать свои исследования под местные потребности, что приводило к инновационным решениям, уникальным для их регионов. Одна из ключевых тем книги - борьба за автономию между провинциями и столицей Парижа. Хендерсон утверждает, что в то время как столица была сосредоточена на сохранении своего господства над провинциями, провинции боролись за независимость и самоопределение.
livre « La science dans les provinces » de l'historien David B. Henderson explore le développement des communautés scientifiques et du leadership provincial en France entre 1860 et 1930. L'auteur affirme que les provinces ont joué un rôle crucial dans la formation de la science française au cours de cette période, en particulier dans les domaines de l'agriculture, de l'industrie et de la santé publique. Grâce à une série d'études de cas, Henderson étudie comment les dirigeants et les universitaires locaux ont collaboré pour relever les défis régionaux et améliorer la vie de leurs citoyens. Il souligne également les tensions entre le pouvoir centralisé à Paris et les provinces, démontrant l'importance de comprendre les relations complexes entre elles. livre commence par un aperçu du contexte historique de la science française de l'époque, y compris l'impact de la révolution industrielle et la montée du positivisme. Henderson se penche ensuite sur la spécificité de la vie scientifique dans les provinces, en se concentrant sur le travail des scientifiques provinciaux et leur contribution à leurs communautés. Il montre comment ces scientifiques ont souvent dû adapter leurs recherches aux besoins locaux, ce qui a conduit à des solutions innovantes propres à leurs régions. L'un des thèmes clés du livre est la lutte pour l'autonomie entre les provinces et la capitale de Paris. Henderson affirme que pendant que la capitale se concentrait sur le maintien de sa domination sur les provinces, celles-ci se battaient pour l'indépendance et l'autodétermination.
libro «La ciencia en las provincias» del historiador David B. Henderson explora el desarrollo de las comunidades científicas y el liderazgo provincial en Francia entre 1860 y 1930. autor sostiene que las provincias jugaron un papel decisivo en la formación de la ciencia francesa durante este período, especialmente en los campos de la agricultura, la industria y la salud pública. A través de una serie de estudios de casos, Henderson estudia cómo líderes y científicos locales han colaborado para resolver problemas regionales y mejorar la vida de sus ciudadanos. También destaca las tensiones entre el poder centralizado en París y las provincias, demostrando la importancia de entender las complejas relaciones entre ellas. libro comienza con una revisión del contexto histórico de la ciencia francesa de ese período, incluyendo la influencia de la revolución industrial y el auge del positivismo. Henderson luego profundiza en las especificidades de la vida científica en las provincias, centrándose en el trabajo de los científicos provinciales y sus contribuciones a sus comunidades. Muestra cómo estos científicos a menudo han tenido que adaptar sus investigaciones a las necesidades locales, dando como resultado soluciones innovadoras únicas para sus regiones. Uno de los temas clave del libro es la lucha por la autonomía entre las provincias y la capital, París. Henderson sostiene que mientras la capital se centraba en mantener su dominio sobre las provincias, las provincias luchaban por la independencia y la autodeterminación.
Il libro «La scienza nelle province» dello storico David B. Henderson esplora l'evoluzione delle comunità scientifiche e della leadership provinciale in Francia tra il 1860 e il 1930. L'autore sostiene che le province hanno avuto un ruolo cruciale nella formazione della scienza francese in questo periodo, soprattutto nei settori dell'agricoltura, dell'industria e della sanità pubblica. Attraverso una serie di studi di caso, Henderson studia come i leader locali e gli scienziati collaborino per risolvere i problemi regionali e migliorare la vita dei propri cittadini. Sottolinea anche le tensioni tra il potere centralizzato di Parigi e le province, dimostrando l'importanza di comprendere le relazioni complesse tra loro. Il libro inizia con una panoramica del contesto storico della scienza francese di quel periodo, compreso l'impatto della rivoluzione industriale e l'ascesa del positivismo. Poi Henderson approfondisce la specialità della vita scientifica nelle province, concentrandosi sul lavoro degli scienziati provinciali e sul loro contributo alle loro comunità. Mostra come questi scienziati abbiano spesso dovuto adattare la loro ricerca ai bisogni locali, portando a soluzioni innovative, uniche per le loro regioni. Uno dei temi chiave del libro è la lotta per l'autonomia tra le province e la capitale Parigi. Henderson sostiene che, mentre la capitale era concentrata sul mantenimento del suo dominio sulle province, le province si sono battute per l'indipendenza e l'autodeterminazione.
Das Buch „Wissenschaft in den Provinzen“ des Historikers David B. Henderson untersucht die Entwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaften und der Provinzführung in Frankreich zwischen 1860 und 1930. Der Autor argumentiert, dass die Provinzen in dieser Zeit eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Gestaltung der französischen Wissenschaft spielten, insbesondere in den Bereichen Landwirtschaft, Industrie und öffentliche Gesundheit. Mit einer Reihe von Fallstudien untersucht Henderson, wie lokale Führer und Wissenschaftler zusammengearbeitet haben, um regionale Probleme anzugehen und das ben ihrer Bürger zu verbessern. Er hebt auch die Spannungen zwischen der zentralisierten Macht in Paris und den Provinzen hervor und zeigt, wie wichtig es ist, die komplexen Beziehungen zwischen ihnen zu verstehen. Das Buch beginnt mit einem Überblick über den historischen Kontext der französischen Wissenschaft dieser Zeit, einschließlich der Auswirkungen der industriellen Revolution und des Aufstiegs des Positivismus. Henderson taucht dann in die Besonderheiten des wissenschaftlichen bens in den Provinzen ein und konzentriert sich auf die Arbeit der Provinzwissenschaftler und ihren Beitrag zu ihren Gemeinschaften. Es zeigt, wie diese Wissenschaftler ihre Forschung oft an lokale Bedürfnisse anpassen mussten, was zu innovativen Lösungen führte, die in ihren Regionen einzigartig sind. Eines der Hauptthemen des Buches ist der Kampf um Autonomie zwischen den Provinzen und der Hauptstadt Paris. Henderson behauptet, dass, während die Hauptstadt auf die Erhaltung ihrer Herrschaft über die Provinzen konzentriert war, die Provinzen für Unabhängigkeit und Selbstbestimmung kämpften.
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Tarihçi David B. Henderson'ın "İllerdeki Bilim'adlı kitabı, Fransa'da 1860 ve 1930 arasındaki bilimsel toplulukların ve il liderliğinin gelişimini araştırıyor. Yazar, illerin bu dönemde özellikle tarım, sanayi ve halk sağlığı alanlarında Fransız biliminin oluşumunda çok önemli bir rol oynadığını savunuyor. Henderson, bir dizi vaka çalışması aracılığıyla yerel liderlerin ve akademisyenlerin bölgesel sorunları ele almak ve vatandaşlarının yaşamlarını iyileştirmek için nasıl işbirliği yaptıklarını inceliyor. Ayrıca Paris'teki merkezi iktidar ile taşralar arasındaki gerilimin altını çiziyor ve aralarındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi anlamanın önemini gösteriyor. Kitap, sanayi devriminin etkisi ve pozitivizmin yükselişi de dahil olmak üzere dönemin Fransız biliminin tarihsel bağlamına genel bir bakış ile başlıyor. Henderson daha sonra illerdeki bilimsel yaşamın özelliklerini inceleyerek, il bilim adamlarının çalışmalarına ve topluluklarına katkılarına odaklanır. Bu bilim insanlarının araştırmalarını genellikle yerel ihtiyaçlara göre uyarlamak zorunda kaldıklarını ve bunun da bölgelerine özgü yenilikçi çözümlerle sonuçlandığını gösteriyor. Kitabın ana temalarından biri, eyaletler ile Paris'in başkenti arasındaki özerklik mücadelesidir. Henderson, başkentin iller üzerindeki hakimiyetini sürdürmeye odaklanırken, illerin bağımsızlık ve kendi kaderini tayin için savaştığını savunuyor.
歷史學家戴維·亨德森(David B. Henderson)撰寫的《省科學》一書探討了1860至1930間法國科學界和省級領導層的發展。提交人認為,各省在此期間在法國科學的形成中發揮了關鍵作用,特別是在農業、工業和公共衛生領域。亨德森通過一系列案例研究,研究了當地領導人和學者如何合作解決區域問題並改善其公民的生活。他還強調了巴黎中央集權政府與各省之間的緊張關系,這表明了解兩者之間復雜關系的重要性。該書首先回顧了該時期法國科學的歷史背景,包括工業革命的影響和實證主義的興起。然後,亨德森(Henderson)專註於省級科學家的工作及其對社區的貢獻,從而深入研究了省級科學生活的細節。它揭示了這些科學家如何經常不得不調整他們的研究以滿足當地需求,從而導致其地區獨有的創新解決方案。該書的主要主題之一是各省與巴黎首都之間的自治鬥爭。亨德森認為,雖然首都的重點是保持對各省的統治,但各省仍在爭取獨立和自決。

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