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A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy - Jonathan I. Israel January 1, 2009 PDF  BOOKS
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A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy
Author: Jonathan I. Israel
Year: January 1, 2009
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.9 MB
Language: English



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Long Description of the Plot: A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy is a groundbreaking book that delves into the origins of humanity's most cherished secular values, such as democracy, free thought, expression, religious tolerance, individual liberty, political self-determination, sexual and racial equality. These values have become mainstream since their enshrinement in the 1948 UN Declaration of Human Rights, but their radical origins are often overlooked by historians. The book traces these ideas to the least respectable strata of Enlightenment thought, known as the Radical Enlightenment, which emerged as a clandestine movement of ideas that was almost entirely hidden from public view during its earliest phase. The Radical Enlightenment matured in opposition to the moderate mainstream Enlightenment dominant in Europe and America in the eighteenth century. During the revolutionary decades of the 1770s, 1780s, and 1790s, the Radical Enlightenment burst into the open, provoking a long and bitter backlash.
Long Description of the Plot: A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy - это новаторская книга, которая углубляется в истоки самых заветных светских ценностей человечества, таких как демократия, свободомыслие, экспрессия, религиозная терпимость, индивидуальная свобода, политическое самоопределение, сексуальное и расовое равенство. Эти ценности стали мейнстримом с момента их закрепления в Декларации прав человека ООН 1948 года, но их радикальное происхождение часто упускается историками из виду. Книга прослеживает эти идеи до наименее респектабельных слоев мысли Просвещения, известных как Радикальное Просвещение, которое возникло как тайное движение идей, которое было почти полностью скрыто от общественного взгляда во время его самой ранней фазы. Радикальное Просвещение созрело в оппозиции к господствующему в Европе и Америке умеренному мейнстриму Просвещения в XVIII веке. В течение революционных десятилетий 1770-х, 1780-х и 1790-х годов Радикальное просвещение вырвалось на чистую воду, вызвав долгую и горькую ответную реакцию.
Long Description of the Plot : A Revolution of the Mind : Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy est un livre novateur qui explore les origines des valeurs laïques les plus élevées de l'humanité, telles que la démocratie, la liberté d'esprit, l'expression, la religion tolérance, liberté individuelle, autodétermination politique, égalité sexuelle et raciale. Ces valeurs sont devenues mainstream depuis leur ancrage dans la Déclaration des droits de l'homme de 1948, mais leur origine radicale est souvent négligée par les historiens. livre retrace ces idées jusqu'aux couches les moins respectables de la pensée des Lumières, connues sous le nom de Lumières radicales, qui sont apparues comme un mouvement secret d'idées qui a été presque complètement caché à la vue du public pendant sa phase la plus précoce. L'Illumination radicale a mûri en opposition avec le mainstream modéré des Lumières en Europe et en Amérique au XVIII siècle. Au cours des décennies révolutionnaires des années 1770, 1780 et 1790, l'illumination radicale s'est échappée à l'eau propre, provoquant une réponse longue et amère.
Larga Descripción de la Placa: Una Revolución de la Mente: Enlace Radical y los Orígenes Inteligentes de la Democracia Moderna es un libro pionero que profundiza en los orígenes de los valores seculares más codiciados de la humanidad, como la democracia, el libre pensamiento, la expresión, la tolerancia religiosa, la libertad individual, la libre determinación política, la igualdad sexual y racial. Estos valores se han convertido en la corriente principal desde su consagración en la Declaración de los Derechos Humanos de la ONU de 1948, pero su origen radical es a menudo pasado por alto por los historiadores. libro traza estas ideas a los estratos menos respetables del pensamiento de la Ilustración, conocidos como la Ilustración Radical, que surgió como un movimiento secreto de ideas que quedó casi completamente oculto de la mirada pública durante su fase más temprana. La Ilustración radical maduró en oposición a la corriente moderada de la Ilustración que dominaba y América en el siglo XVIII. Durante las décadas revolucionarias de los 1770, 1780 y 1790, la Iluminación Radical irrumpió en el agua limpia, provocando una larga y amarga reacción.
Long Description of the Plot: A Revolution of the Mind: Radical Enlightenment and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Democracy ist ein bahnbrechendes Buch, das die Ursprünge der am meisten geschätzten weltlichen Werte der Menschheit wie Demokratie, freies Denken, Ausdruck, religiöse Toleranz, individuelle Freiheit vertieft politische Selbstbestimmung, sexuelle und rassische Gleichheit. Diese Werte sind seit ihrer Verankerung in der UN-Erklärung der Menschenrechte von 1948 zum Mainstream geworden, aber ihre radikale Herkunft wird von Historikern oft übersehen. Das Buch verfolgt diese Ideen zu den am wenigsten respektablen Schichten des Denkens der Aufklärung, bekannt als radikale Aufklärung, die als eine geheime Bewegung von Ideen entstand, die während ihrer frühesten Phase fast vollständig vor der öffentlichen Ansicht verborgen war. Die radikale Aufklärung reifte in Opposition zum in und Amerika herrschenden gemäßigten Mainstream der Aufklärung im 18. Jahrhundert. Während der revolutionären Jahrzehnte der 1770er, 1780er und 1790er Jahre brach die radikale Aufklärung ins Freie und löste eine lange und bittere Reaktion aus.
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Komplonun Uzun Tanımı: Bir Zihin Devrimi: Radikal Aydınlanma ve Modern Demokrasinin Entelektüel Kökenleri, demokrasi, özgür düşünce, ifade, dini hoşgörü, bireysel özgürlük, politik kendi kaderini tayin, cinsel ve ırksal eşitlik gibi insanlığın en değerli laik değerlerinin kökenlerine inen çığır açan bir kitaptır. Bu değerler, 1948 BM İnsan Hakları Bildirgesi'nde yer aldıklarından beri ana akım haline gelmiştir, ancak radikal kökenleri genellikle tarihçiler tarafından göz ardı edilmektedir. Kitap, bu fikirleri Radikal Aydınlanma olarak bilinen Aydınlanma düşüncesinin en az saygın katmanlarına kadar izler; bu, ilk aşamasında neredeyse tamamen kamuoyundan gizlenen gizli bir fikir hareketi olarak ortaya çıktı. Radikal Aydınlanma, 18. yüzyılda Avrupa ve Amerika'da hüküm süren ılımlı Aydınlanma ana akımına karşı olgunlaştı. 1770'lerin, 1780'lerin ve 1790'ların devrimci on yılları boyunca, Radikal Aydınlanma, uzun ve acı bir tepkiye yol açarak açıklığa girdi.
وصف طويل للمؤامرة: ثورة العقل: التنوير الراديكالي والأصول الفكرية للديمقراطية الحديثة هو كتاب رائد يتعمق في أصول القيم العلمانية للبشرية العزيزة، مثل الديمقراطية والفكر الحر والتعبير والتسامح الديني والحرية الفردية وتقرير المصير السياسي والجنسية والعرقية المساواة. أصبحت هذه القيم سائدة منذ أن تم تكريسها في إعلان الأمم المتحدة لحقوق الإنسان لعام 1948، لكن المؤرخين غالبًا ما يتجاهلون أصولها الراديكالية. يتتبع الكتاب هذه الأفكار إلى الطبقات الأقل احترامًا من فكر التنوير، والمعروفة باسم التنوير الراديكالي، والتي ظهرت كحركة سرية للأفكار التي كانت مخفية بالكامل تقريبًا عن الأنظار العامة خلال مرحلتها الأولى. نضج التنوير الراديكالي في معارضة التيار السائد في التنوير المعتدل السائد في أوروبا وأمريكا في القرن الثامن عشر. خلال العقود الثورية من سبعينيات وثمانينيات وتسعينيات القرن الثامن عشر، اقتحم التنوير الراديكالي ما هو واضح، مما أدى إلى رد فعل عنيف طويل ومرير.

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