BOOKS - The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795
The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795 - Daniel Stone September 1, 2001 PDF  BOOKS
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The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795
Author: Daniel Stone
Year: September 1, 2001
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.0 MB
Language: English



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The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795: A Study in Technological Evolution and Personal Paradigms In the heart of Europe, for four centuries, the Polish-Lithuanian state encompassed a vast geographic region comparable to present-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Latvia, and Estonia. This multinational state was governed by a constitutional monarchy that offered its numerous nobility extensive civil and political rights, enjoying unusual domestic tranquility and military strength that kept most enemies at bay until the mid-seventeenth century. The country's wealth was largely due to selling grain and timber to Western Europe, making it exceptionally prosperous for much of the period. The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795 is the first account in English devoted specifically to this important era, taking a regional rather than a national approach to explore the internal development of the Ukrainian, Jewish, Lithuanian, and Prussian German nations that coexisted with the Poles. Presenting Jewish history also clarifies urban history, as Jews lived in unincorporated and private cities and suburbs, which historians have overlooked in favor of incorporated and royal cities.
Польско-литовское государство, 1386-1795: Исследование технологической эволюции и личных парадигм В сердце Европы в течение четырех веков польско-литовское государство охватывало обширный географический регион, сопоставимый с современной Польшей, Литвой, Белоруссией, Украиной, Россией, Латвией и Эстонией. Это многонациональное государство управлялось конституционной монархией, которая предлагала своей многочисленной знати обширные гражданские и политические права, наслаждаясь необычным внутренним спокойствием и военной силой, которые держали в страхе большинство врагов до середины семнадцатого века. Богатство страны во многом было связано с продажей зерна и древесины в Западную Европу, что делало её исключительно процветающей на протяжении большей части периода. Польско-литовское государство, 1386 - 1795 - это первый рассказ на английском языке, посвященный именно этой важной эпохе, использующий региональный, а не национальный подход для изучения внутреннего развития украинских, еврейских, литовских и прусских немецких наций, которые сосуществовали с поляками. Представление еврейской истории также проясняет городскую историю, поскольку евреи жили в некорпоративных и частных городах и пригородах, которые историки упустили из виду в пользу инкорпорированных и королевских городов.
État polonais-lituanien, 1386-1795 : Étude de l'évolution technologique et des paradigmes personnels Au cœur de l'Europe, depuis quatre siècles, l'État polonais-lituanien couvre une vaste région géographique comparable à celle de la Pologne, de la Lituanie, de la Biélorussie, de l'Ukraine, de la Russie, de la ttonie et de l'Estonie. Cet État multinational était gouverné par une monarchie constitutionnelle qui offrait à ses nombreuses nobles de vastes droits civils et politiques, jouissant d'une tranquillité intérieure inhabituelle et d'une force militaire qui gardaient la plupart des ennemis dans la peur jusqu'au milieu du XVIIe siècle. La richesse du pays a été en grande partie liée à la vente de céréales et de bois en Europe occidentale, ce qui l'a rendu exceptionnellement prospère pendant la plupart de la période. L'État polonais-lituanien, 1386-1795, est la première histoire en anglais sur cette époque importante, qui utilise une approche régionale plutôt que nationale pour étudier le développement intérieur des nations allemandes ukrainiennes, juives, lituaniennes et prussiennes qui coexistaient avec les Polonais. La présentation de l'histoire juive clarifie également l'histoire urbaine, car les Juifs vivaient dans des villes et banlieues privées et non privées que les historiens ont négligées en faveur des villes incorporées et royales.
Estado polaco-lituano, 1386-1795: Estudio de la evolución tecnológica y los paradigmas personales En el corazón de , durante cuatro siglos, el Estado polaco-lituano abarcó una vasta región geográfica comparable a la actual Polonia, Lituania, Bielorrusia, Ucrania, Rusia, tonia y Estonia. Este estado plurinacional estaba gobernado por una monarquía constitucional que ofrecía a su numerosa nobleza amplios derechos civiles y políticos, disfrutando de una insólita tranquilidad interna y de una fuerza militar que mantuvo a raya a la mayoría de los enemigos hasta mediados del siglo XVII. La riqueza del país se debió en gran parte a la venta de granos y madera a occidental, lo que la hizo excepcionalmente próspera durante la mayor parte del período. Estado polaco-lituano, 1386-1795 es el primer relato en inglés dedicado precisamente a esta importante época, utilizando un enfoque regional y no nacional para estudiar el desarrollo interno de las naciones alemanas ucranianas, judías, lituanas y prusianas que coexistieron con los polacos. La representación de la historia judía también aclara la historia urbana, ya que los judíos vivían en ciudades y suburbios no corporativos y privados que los historiadores habían pasado por alto en favor de las ciudades incorporadas y reales.
Estado polaco-lituano, 1386-1795: Pesquisa sobre a evolução tecnológica e paradigmas pessoais No coração da , durante quatro séculos, o Estado polaco-lituano abrangeu uma vasta região geográfica comparável à atual Polônia, Lituânia, Bielorrússia, Ucrânia, Rússia, tônia e Estónia. Este Estado multinacional foi governado por uma monarquia constitucional que ofereceu à sua grande nobreza vastos direitos civis e políticos, desfrutando da incomunicável tranquilidade interna e força militar que mantinham a maioria dos inimigos temidos até meados do século XVI. A riqueza do país foi atribuída em grande parte à venda de grãos e madeira para a Ocidental, tornando-a extremamente próspera durante a maior parte do período. O Estado polaco-lituano, 1386-1795, é a primeira história em inglês sobre esta época importante, que usa uma abordagem regional e não nacional para estudar o desenvolvimento interno das nações alemãs ucranianas, judias, lituanas e prussianas que coexistiram com os poloneses. A representação da história judaica também esclarece a história urbana, já que os judeus viviam em cidades e subúrbios não-empresariais e privados que os historiadores perderam de vista em prol de cidades incorporadas e reais.
Stato polacco-lituano, 1386-1795: Esplora l'evoluzione tecnologica e i paradigmi personali Nel cuore dell', nel corso dei quattro secoli, lo Stato polacco-lituano ha coperto una vasta regione geografica paragonabile a quella moderna di Polonia, Lituania, Bielorussia, Ucraina, Russia, ttonia ed Estonia. Questo stato multinazionale era governato da una monarchia costituzionale che offriva alla sua numerosa nobiltà vasti diritti civili e politici, godendo dell'insolita tranquillità interiore e della forza militare che teneva nella paura la maggior parte dei nemici fino alla metà del Settecento. La ricchezza del paese è dovuta in gran parte alla vendita di grano e legno verso l'occidentale, che l'ha resa estremamente prospera per gran parte del periodo. Lo Stato polacco-lituano, 1386-1795, è la prima storia in inglese dedicata a questa importante epoca, che utilizza un approccio regionale e non nazionale per studiare lo sviluppo interno delle nazioni tedesche ucraine, ebraiche, lituane e prussiane che coesistono con i polacchi. La rappresentazione della storia ebraica chiarisce anche la storia della città, poiché gli ebrei vivevano in città e sobborghi non aziendali e privati, che gli storici hanno perso di vista a favore delle città incorporate e reali.
Der polnisch-litauische Staat, 1386-1795: Erforschung der technologischen Entwicklung und persönlicher Paradigmen Im Herzen s umfasst der polnisch-litauische Staat seit vier Jahrhunderten ein weites geografisches Gebiet, das mit dem heutigen Polen, Litauen, Weißrussland, der Ukraine, Russland, ttland und Estland vergleichbar ist. Dieser Vielvölkerstaat wurde von einer konstitutionellen Monarchie regiert, die ihrem zahlreichen Adel umfangreiche bürgerliche und politische Rechte bot und die ungewöhnliche innere Ruhe und militärische Stärke genoss, die die meisten Feinde bis zur Mitte des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts in Schach hielt. Der Reichtum des Landes war weitgehend auf den Verkauf von Getreide und Holz nach Westeuropa zurückzuführen, was es für einen Großteil der Zeit außergewöhnlich wohlhabend machte. Der polnisch-litauische Staat, 1386-1795, ist die erste Geschichte in englischer Sprache, die dieser wichtigen Epoche gewidmet ist und einen regionalen und nicht nationalen Ansatz verwendet, um die innere Entwicklung der ukrainischen, jüdischen, litauischen und preußischen deutschen Nationen zu untersuchen, die mit den Polen koexistierten. Die Darstellung der jüdischen Geschichte verdeutlicht auch die Stadtgeschichte, da Juden in nicht korporativen und privaten Städten und Vororten lebten, die Historiker zugunsten der eingemeindeten und königlichen Städte übersehen haben.
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Polonya-Litvanya Devleti, 1386-1795: Teknolojik Evrim ve Kişisel Paradigmalar Üzerine Bir Çalışma Avrupa'nın kalbinde, dört yüzyıl boyunca Polonya-Litvanya devleti, günümüz Polonya, Litvanya, Belarus, Ukrayna, Rusya, tonya ve Estonya ile karşılaştırılabilir geniş bir coğrafi bölgeyi kapsıyordu. Bu çok etnikli devlet, büyük soylularına geniş medeni ve siyasi haklar sunan, çoğu düşmanı on yedinci yüzyılın ortalarına kadar uzak tutan olağandışı iç huzur ve askeri gücün tadını çıkaran anayasal bir monarşi tarafından yönetildi. Ülkenin zenginliği büyük ölçüde Batı Avrupa'ya tahıl ve kereste satışından kaynaklanıyordu ve bu da onu dönemin çoğu için son derece müreffeh hale getirdi. Polonya-Litvanya Devleti, 1386-1795, Polonyalılarla bir arada yaşayan Ukrayna, Yahudi, Litvanya ve Prusya Alman uluslarının iç gelişimini incelemek için ulusal değil bölgesel bir yaklaşım kullanarak, özellikle bu önemli döneme adanmış ilk İngilizce öyküdür. Yahudi tarihinin sunumu, aynı zamanda, tarihçilerin birleşik ve kraliyet şehirleri lehine göz ardı ettikleri, tüzel kişiliğe sahip olmayan ve özel şehirlerde ve banliyölerde yaşadıkları için kent tarihini de açıklığa kavuşturmaktadır.
الدولة البولندية الليتوانية، 1386-1795: دراسة التطور التكنولوجي والنماذج الشخصية في قلب أوروبا، غطت الدولة البولندية الليتوانية لمدة أربعة قرون منطقة جغرافية شاسعة مماثلة لبولندا وليتوانيا وبيلاروسيا وأوكرانيا وروسيا ولاتا الحالية via و Estonia. كانت هذه الدولة متعددة الأعراق تحكمها ملكية دستورية قدمت لطبقة النبلاء الكبيرة حقوقًا مدنية وسياسية واسعة النطاق، تتمتع بالهدوء الداخلي غير المعتاد والقوة العسكرية التي أبقت معظم الأعداء في مأزق حتى منتصف القرن السابع عشر. كانت ثروة البلاد ترجع إلى حد كبير إلى بيع الحبوب والأخشاب إلى أوروبا الغربية، مما جعلها مزدهرة للغاية لمعظم الفترة. الدولة البولندية الليتوانية، 1386-1795 هي أول قصة باللغة الإنجليزية مكرسة على وجه التحديد لهذه الحقبة المهمة، باستخدام نهج إقليمي وليس وطني لدراسة التنمية الداخلية للأمم الألمانية الأوكرانية واليهودية والليتوانية والبروسية التي تعايشت مع البولنديين. يوضح عرض التاريخ اليهودي أيضًا التاريخ الحضري، حيث عاش اليهود في مدن وضواحي غير مدمجة وخاصة تجاهلها المؤرخون لصالح المدن المدمجة والملكية.

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