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Science and Thought in the Fifteenth Century. Studies in the History of Medicine and Surgery, Natural and Mathematical Science, Philosophy and Politics - Lynn Thorndike January 1, 1963 PDF  BOOKS
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Science and Thought in the Fifteenth Century. Studies in the History of Medicine and Surgery, Natural and Mathematical Science, Philosophy and Politics
Author: Lynn Thorndike
Year: January 1, 1963
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 26 MB
Language: English



The Plot of the Book "Science and Thought in the Fifteenth Century" In the 15th century, the world was undergoing a significant transformation. The fields of medicine, science, philosophy, and politics were rapidly evolving, and these changes had a profound impact on society. This book delves into the historical context of these developments and explores how they have shaped our understanding of the world today. The story begins in the early 15th century, when the Black Death ravaged Europe, decimating entire communities and leaving behind a trail of death and destruction. This catastrophic event had a profound impact on society, leading to widespread fear, superstition, and a desperate search for answers. In response, many people turned to religion and spirituality for solace, while others sought out scientific explanations for the causes of the plague. One of the key figures in this era was the Italian physician and anatomist, Andreas Vesalius. He challenged the prevailing views of Galen, the ancient Greek physician, and instead proposed a new understanding of human anatomy based on his own observations and dissections. His groundbreaking work, De Humani Corporis Fabrica, revolutionized the field of medicine and paved the way for future generations of scientists and thinkers. As the century progressed, the Renaissance flourished, bringing with it a renewed interest in classical knowledge and learning.
Сюжет книги «Наука и мысль в XV веке» В XV веке мир претерпевал значительные преобразования. Области медицины, науки, философии и политики быстро развивались, и эти изменения оказали глубокое влияние на общество. Эта книга углубляется в исторический контекст этих событий и исследует, как они сформировали наше понимание современного мира. История начинается в начале XV века, когда Чёрная смерть разорила Европу, уничтожив целые общины и оставив после себя след смерти и разрушения. Это катастрофическое событие оказало глубокое влияние на общество, что привело к повсеместному страху, суевериям и отчаянному поиску ответов. В ответ многие люди обратились за утешением к религии и духовности, в то время как другие искали научные объяснения причин чумы. Одной из ключевых фигур этой эпохи был итальянский врач и анатом Андреас Везалий. Он оспаривал господствующие взгляды Галена, древнегреческого врача, и вместо этого предложил новое понимание анатомии человека, основанное на его собственных наблюдениях и расчленениях. Его новаторская работа «De Humani Corporis Fabrica» произвела революцию в области медицины и проложила путь для будущих поколений учёных и мыслителей. По мере развития века Ренессанс процветал, принося с собой новый интерес к классическим знаниям и обучению.
Histoire du livre « Science et pensée au XVe siècle » Au XVe siècle, le monde a subi une transformation importante. s domaines de la médecine, des sciences, de la philosophie et de la politique ont évolué rapidement, et ces changements ont eu un impact profond sur la société. Ce livre s'inscrit dans le contexte historique de ces événements et explore comment ils ont façonné notre compréhension du monde moderne. L'histoire commence au début du XV siècle, lorsque la Mort Noire a ruiné l'Europe, détruisant des communautés entières et laissant derrière elle une trace de mort et de destruction. Cet événement catastrophique a eu un impact profond sur la société, conduisant à une peur généralisée, à des superstitions et à une recherche désespérée de réponses. En réponse, de nombreuses personnes se sont tournées vers la religion et la spiritualité, tandis que d'autres cherchaient des explications scientifiques sur les causes de la peste. L'une des principales figures de cette époque était le médecin italien et l'anat Andreas Vesalia. Il contestait les vues dominantes de Galen, un ancien médecin grec, et proposait plutôt une nouvelle compréhension de l'anatomie humaine basée sur ses propres observations et démembrements. Son travail novateur « De Humani Corporis Fabrica » a révolutionné le domaine médical et a ouvert la voie à de futures générations de scientifiques et de penseurs. Au fil du siècle, la Renaissance s'épanouit, apportant avec elle un nouvel intérêt pour les connaissances et l'apprentissage classiques.
La trama del libro «La ciencia y el pensamiento en el siglo XV» En el siglo XV el mundo sufrió transformaciones significativas. campos de la medicina, la ciencia, la filosofía y la política evolucionaron rápidamente, y estos cambios tuvieron un profundo impacto en la sociedad. Este libro profundiza en el contexto histórico de estos acontecimientos y explora cómo han moldeado nuestra comprensión del mundo moderno. La historia comienza a principios del siglo XV, cuando la Muerte Negra asoló , destruyendo comunidades enteras y dejando tras de sí una huella de muerte y destrucción. Este evento catastrófico tuvo un profundo impacto en la sociedad, lo que llevó a un miedo generalizado, supersticiones y una búsqueda desesperada de respuestas. En respuesta, muchas personas buscaron consuelo para la religión y la espiritualidad, mientras que otras buscaron explicaciones científicas para las causas de la peste. Una de las figuras clave de esta época fue el médico y anatomista italiano Andreas Vesalius. Desafió las opiniones dominantes de Galeno, un antiguo médico griego, y en su lugar propuso una nueva comprensión de la anatomía humana basada en sus propias observaciones y desmembramientos. Su obra pionera, «De Humani Corporis Fabrica», revolucionó el campo de la medicina y allanó el camino para futuras generaciones de científicos y pensadores. A medida que avanzaba el siglo, el Renacimiento prosperó, trayendo consigo un nuevo interés por el conocimiento y el aprendizaje clásico.
A história do livro «Ciência e pensamento no século XV» No século XV, o mundo passou por grandes transformações. Os campos da medicina, da ciência, da filosofia e da política evoluíram rapidamente, e essas mudanças influenciaram profundamente a sociedade. Este livro aprofunda-se no contexto histórico desses acontecimentos e explora como eles moldaram a nossa compreensão do mundo contemporâneo. A história começa no início do século XV, quando a Morte Negra destruiu a , destruindo comunidades inteiras e deixando um rasto de morte e destruição. Este acontecimento catastrófico teve um impacto profundo na sociedade, levando a um medo generalizado, superstições e uma busca desesperada de respostas. Em resposta, muitas pessoas pediram consolo à religião e espiritualidade, enquanto outras procuraram explicações científicas para as causas da praga. Uma das figuras-chave desta era era o médico italiano e anato Andreas Vesaly. Ele contestou as opiniões dominantes de Galen, um antigo médico grego, e, em vez disso, propôs uma nova compreensão da anatomia humana baseada em suas próprias observações e desmembramentos. Seu trabalho inovador «De Humani Corporis Fabrica» revolucionou a medicina e abriu caminho para as gerações futuras de cientistas e pensadores. À medida que o século se desenvolvia, o Renascimento floresceu, trazendo consigo um novo interesse pelo conhecimento e aprendizagem clássicos.
La storia del libro «Scienza e pensiero nel XV secolo» Nel XV secolo il mondo ha subito notevoli trasformazioni. I campi della medicina, della scienza, della filosofia e della politica si sono rapidamente evoluti e questi cambiamenti hanno avuto un profondo impatto sulla società. Questo libro si approfondisce nel contesto storico di questi eventi e indaga come hanno formato la nostra comprensione del mondo moderno. La storia inizia all'inizio del XV secolo, quando la Morte Nera distrusse l', distruggendo intere comunità e lasciando dietro di sé un segno di morte e distruzione. Questo evento catastrofico ha avuto un profondo impatto sulla società, che ha portato alla paura, alla superstizione e alla ricerca disperata di risposte. In risposta, molte persone hanno chiesto conforto alla religione e alla spiritualità, mentre altre hanno cercato spiegazioni scientifiche sulle cause della peste. Una delle figure chiave di questa epoca era il medico italiano e anato Andreas Vesaliyi. Ha contestato le opinioni dominanti di Galen, un antico medico greco, e invece ha offerto una nuova comprensione dell'anatomia umana basata sulle sue osservazioni e smembramenti. Il suo lavoro innovativo, «De Umana Corporis Fabrica», ha rivoluzionato la medicina e aperto la strada a generazioni future di scienziati e pensatori. Nel corso del secolo, il Rinascimento fiorì, portando con sé un nuovo interesse per la conoscenza e l'apprendimento classici.
Die Handlung des Buches „Wissenschaft und Denken im 15. Jahrhundert“ Im 15. Jahrhundert erfuhr die Welt bedeutende Veränderungen. Die Bereiche Medizin, Wissenschaft, Philosophie und Politik entwickelten sich schnell und diese Veränderungen hatten tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft. Dieses Buch geht in den historischen Kontext dieser Ereignisse ein und untersucht, wie sie unser Verständnis der modernen Welt geprägt haben. Die Geschichte beginnt Anfang des 15. Jahrhunderts, als der Schwarze Tod verwüstete, ganze Gemeinden zerstörte und eine Spur von Tod und Zerstörung hinterließ. Dieses katastrophale Ereignis hatte tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft, die zu weit verbreiteter Angst, Aberglauben und verzweifelter Suche nach Antworten führten. Als Reaktion darauf suchten viele Menschen Trost in Religion und Spiritualität, während andere nach wissenschaftlichen Erklärungen für die Ursachen der Pest suchten. Eine der Schlüsselfiguren dieser Ära war der italienische Arzt und Anatom Andreas Vesalius. Er bestritt die vorherrschenden Ansichten von Galen, einem antiken griechischen Arzt, und bot stattdessen ein neues Verständnis der menschlichen Anatomie an, das auf seinen eigenen Beobachtungen und Zerstückelungen basierte. Seine bahnbrechende Arbeit „De Humani Corporis Fabrica“ revolutionierte die Medizin und ebnete den Weg für zukünftige Generationen von Wissenschaftlern und Denkern. Im Laufe des Jahrhunderts blühte die Renaissance auf und brachte ein neues Interesse an klassischem Wissen und rnen mit sich.
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"15. yüzyılda bilim ve düşünce" kitabının konusu 15. yüzyılda dünya önemli dönüşümler geçirdi. Tıp, bilim, felsefe ve siyaset alanları hızla gelişti ve bu değişikliklerin toplum üzerinde derin bir etkisi oldu. Bu kitap, bu olayların tarihsel bağlamını inceliyor ve modern dünya anlayışımızı nasıl şekillendirdiklerini araştırıyor. Hikaye, 15. yüzyılın başında, Kara Ölüm'ün Avrupa'yı tahrip ettiği, tüm toplulukları yok ettiği ve arkasında bir ölüm ve yıkım izi bıraktığı zaman başlar. Bu felaket olayın toplum üzerinde derin bir etkisi oldu, yaygın korku, batıl inanç ve umutsuz bir cevap arayışına yol açtı. Buna karşılık, birçok insan rahatlık için dine ve maneviyata yönelirken, diğerleri veba nedenleri için bilimsel açıklamalar aradı. Bu dönemin en önemli figürlerinden biri İtalyan hekim ve anatomist Andreas Vesalius'tu. Antik Yunan doktoru Galen'in ana akım görüşlerine itiraz etti ve bunun yerine kendi gözlemlerine ve parçalanmasına dayanan yeni bir insan anatomisi anlayışı sundu. Öncü çalışması De Humani Corporis Fabrica, tıp alanında devrim yarattı ve gelecek nesil bilim adamları ve düşünürlerin yolunu açtı. Yüzyıl ilerledikçe, Rönesans gelişti ve klasik bilgi ve öğrenmeye yeniden ilgi duymaya başladı.
Plot of the book «Science and Thought in the 15 Century» في القرن الخامس عشر، شهد العالم تحولات كبيرة. تطورت مجالات الطب والعلوم والفلسفة والسياسة بسرعة، وكان لهذه التغييرات تأثير عميق على المجتمع. يتعمق هذا الكتاب في السياق التاريخي لهذه الأحداث ويستكشف كيف شكلوا فهمنا للعالم الحديث. تبدأ القصة في بداية القرن الخامس عشر، عندما دمر الموت الأسود أوروبا، ودمر مجتمعات بأكملها وترك وراءه أثرًا من الموت والدمار. كان لهذا الحدث الكارثي تأثير عميق على المجتمع، مما أدى إلى انتشار الخوف والخرافات والبحث اليائس عن إجابات. رداً على ذلك، لجأ الكثير من الناس إلى الدين والروحانية من أجل التعزية، بينما سعى آخرون للحصول على تفسيرات علمية لأسباب الطاعون. كان الطبيب الإيطالي وعالم التشريح أندرياس فيساليوس أحد الشخصيات الرئيسية في هذا العصر. عارض وجهات النظر السائدة لجالينوس، الطبيب اليوناني القديم، وبدلاً من ذلك قدم فهمًا جديدًا للتشريح البشري بناءً على ملاحظاته وتقطيع أوصاله. أحدث عمله الرائد، De Humani Corporis Fabrica، ثورة في المجال الطبي ومهد الطريق للأجيال القادمة من العلماء والمفكرين. مع تقدم القرن، ازدهر عصر النهضة، وجلب معه اهتمامًا متجددًا بالمعرفة الكلاسيكية والتعلم.

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