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Why Don't Students Like School? (2nd Edition): A Cognitive Scientist Answers Questions About How the Mind Works and What It Means for the Classroom
Author: Daniel T. Willingham
Year: July 13, 2021
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 4.0 MB
Language: English



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Why Don't Students Like School 2nd Edition A Cognitive Scientist Answers Questions About How the Mind Works and What It Means for the Classroom The book "Why Don't Students Like School?" by cognitive scientist Daniel T. Willingham provides insights into how the mind works and what it means for the classroom. In this second edition, Willingham delves deeper into the science of learning and offers practical strategies for teachers to help students learn more effectively. He argues that students do not like school because they are not designed to learn in the same way as adults, and therefore need a different approach to education. The author begins by exploring the cognitive development of children and how their brains process information differently from those of adults. He explains that young people have limited working memory, which makes it difficult for them to focus on multiple tasks at once. Additionally, their brains are still developing and are more susceptible to distractions, making it challenging for them to filter out irrelevant information. Willingham then discusses the implications of these findings for teaching and learning. He suggests that teachers should prioritize the development of long-term memory over short-term memory, as students are better able to retain information when it is stored in long-term memory. He also emphasizes the importance of repetition and practice in reinforcing learning, as students need to repeat new information several times before it becomes ingrained in their long-term memory. Another critical aspect of learning that Willingham highlights is the need for contextualization. Students are more likely to engage with material when it is presented in a meaningful context that relates to their own experiences and interests.
Почему студентам не нравится школа 2-е издание Когнитивный ученый отвечает на вопросы о том, как работает разум и что это значит для класса Книга «Почему студентам не нравится школа?» Когнитивный ученый Дэниел Т. Уиллингем дает представление о том, как работает разум и что это значит для класса. В этом втором издании Уиллингем углубляется в науку обучения и предлагает практические стратегии для учителей, чтобы помочь учащимся учиться более эффективно. Он утверждает, что ученики не любят школу, потому что они не предназначены для обучения так же, как взрослые, и поэтому нуждаются в другом подходе к образованию. Автор начинает с изучения когнитивного развития детей и того, как их мозг обрабатывает информацию не так, как взрослые. Он объясняет, что у молодых людей ограниченная рабочая память, из-за чего им сложно сосредоточиться сразу на нескольких задачах. Кроме того, их мозг все еще развивается и более подвержен отвлечениям, что затрудняет отсеивание неактуальной информации. Затем Уиллингем обсуждает значение этих результатов для обучения и обучения. Он предлагает, чтобы учителя отдавали приоритет развитию долговременной памяти, а не кратковременной, так как ученики лучше умеют сохранять информацию, когда она хранится в долговременной памяти. Он также подчеркивает важность повторения и практики в усилении обучения, поскольку студентам необходимо повторять новую информацию несколько раз, прежде чем она укоренится в их долговременной памяти. Другим важным аспектом обучения, который выделяет Уиллингем, является необходимость контекстуализации. Студенты с большей вероятностью будут взаимодействовать с материалом, когда он представлен в значимом контексте, который связан с их собственным опытом и интересами.
Pourquoi les étudiants n'aiment pas l'école 2ème édition scientifique cognitif répond aux questions sur la façon dont l'esprit fonctionne et ce que cela signifie pour la classe Livre « Pourquoi les étudiants n'aiment pas l'école ? » scientifique cognitif Daniel T. Willingham donne une idée de la façon dont l'esprit fonctionne et de ce que cela signifie pour la classe. Dans cette deuxième édition, Willingham s'intéresse davantage aux sciences de l'apprentissage et propose des stratégies pratiques pour aider les enseignants à apprendre plus efficacement. Il affirme que les élèves n'aiment pas l'école parce qu'ils ne sont pas conçus pour enseigner comme les adultes et ont donc besoin d'une approche différente de l'éducation. L'auteur commence par étudier le développement cognitif des enfants et la façon dont leur cerveau ne traite pas l'information comme les adultes. Il explique que les jeunes ont une mémoire de travail limitée, ce qui les rend difficiles à se concentrer sur plusieurs tâches à la fois. De plus, leur cerveau se développe encore et est plus susceptible de distraction, ce qui rend difficile l'élimination des informations non pertinentes. Willingham discute ensuite de l'importance de ces résultats pour l'apprentissage et l'apprentissage. Il propose que les enseignants donnent la priorité au développement de la mémoire à long terme plutôt qu'à court terme, car les élèves sont mieux à même de conserver l'information lorsqu'elle est stockée dans une mémoire à long terme. Il souligne également l'importance de la répétition et de la pratique dans le renforcement de l'apprentissage, car les étudiants doivent répéter de nouvelles informations plusieurs fois avant qu'elles ne s'enracinent dans leur mémoire à long terme. Un autre aspect important de l'apprentissage mis en évidence par Willingham est la nécessité de contextualiser. s étudiants sont plus susceptibles d'interagir avec le matériel lorsqu'il est présenté dans un contexte significatif qui est lié à leurs propres expériences et intérêts.
Por qué a los estudiantes no les gusta la escuela 2ª edición científico cognitivo responde preguntas sobre cómo funciona la mente y lo que significa para la clase «Por qué a los estudiantes no les gusta la escuela?» científico cognitivo Daniel T. Willingham da una idea de cómo funciona la mente y lo que significa para la clase. En esta segunda edición, Willingham profundiza en la ciencia del aprendizaje y propone estrategias prácticas para que los maestros ayuden a los estudiantes a aprender de manera más efectiva. Afirma que a los estudiantes no les gusta la escuela porque no están destinados a aprender igual que a los adultos y, por lo tanto, necesitan un enfoque diferente de la educación. autor comienza estudiando el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños y cómo su cerebro procesa la información de una manera diferente a la de los adultos. Explica que los jóvenes tienen una memoria de trabajo limitada, lo que les hace difícil centrarse en varias tareas a la vez. Además, sus cerebros siguen evolucionando y son más susceptibles a las distracciones, lo que dificulta la eliminación de información irrelevante. Willingham luego discute la importancia de estos resultados para el aprendizaje y el aprendizaje. Propone que los maestros prioricen el desarrollo de la memoria a largo plazo en lugar de la a corto plazo, ya que los estudiantes saben mejor conservar la información cuando se almacena en la memoria a largo plazo. También destaca la importancia de la repetición y la práctica en el fortalecimiento del aprendizaje, ya que los estudiantes necesitan repetir la nueva información varias veces antes de que se arraigue en su memoria a largo plazo. Otro aspecto importante del aprendizaje que Willingham destaca es la necesidad de contextualización. Es más probable que los estudiantes interactúen con el material cuando se presenta en un contexto significativo que tiene que ver con sus propias experiencias e intereses.
Warum Schüler die Schule nicht mögen 2. Auflage Kognitionswissenschaftler beantwortet Fragen zur Funktionsweise des Geistes und was dies für den Unterricht bedeutet Buch „Warum mögen Schüler die Schule nicht?“ Der Kognitionswissenschaftler Daniel T. Willingham gibt Einblicke, wie der Geist funktioniert und was das für den Unterricht bedeutet. In dieser zweiten Ausgabe geht Willingham tiefer in die Wissenschaft des rnens ein und bietet praktische Strategien für hrer, um den Schülern zu helfen, effektiver zu lernen. Er argumentiert, dass Schüler die Schule nicht mögen, weil sie nicht wie Erwachsene lernen sollen und daher einen anderen Ansatz für die Bildung benötigen. Der Autor beginnt mit der Untersuchung der kognitiven Entwicklung von Kindern und wie ihr Gehirn Informationen anders verarbeitet als Erwachsene. Er erklärt, dass junge Menschen ein begrenztes Arbeitsgedächtnis haben, was es für sie schwierig macht, sich auf mehrere Aufgaben gleichzeitig zu konzentrieren. Darüber hinaus entwickelt sich ihr Gehirn immer noch und ist anfälliger für Ablenkungen, was es schwierig macht, irrelevante Informationen herauszufiltern. Willingham diskutiert dann die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse für das rnen und rnen. Er schlägt vor, dass hrer der Entwicklung des Langzeitgedächtnisses Vorrang vor dem Kurzzeitgedächtnis einräumen, da die Schüler besser in der Lage sind, Informationen zu speichern, wenn sie im Langzeitgedächtnis gespeichert werden. Er betont auch die Bedeutung von Wiederholung und Praxis bei der Stärkung des rnens, da die Schüler neue Informationen mehrmals wiederholen müssen, bevor sie in ihrem Langzeitgedächtnis Wurzeln schlagen. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt des rnens, der Willingham hervorhebt, ist die Notwendigkeit der Kontextualisierung. Die Schüler interagieren eher mit dem Material, wenn es in einem sinnvollen Kontext präsentiert wird, der sich auf ihre eigenen Erfahrungen und Interessen bezieht.
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Öğrenciler Okulu Neden Sevmiyor 2nd Edition Bilişsel bilimci, zihnin nasıl çalıştığı ve sınıf için ne anlama geldiği ile ilgili soruları yanıtlar. Bilişsel bilim adamı Daniel T. Willingham, zihnin nasıl çalıştığı ve sınıf için ne anlama geldiği hakkında fikir verir. Bu ikinci baskıda Willingham, öğrenme bilimine giriyor ve öğrencilerin daha etkili öğrenmelerine yardımcı olmak için öğretmenler için pratik stratejiler sunuyor. Öğrencilerin okulu sevmediğini, çünkü yetişkinlerle aynı şekilde öğretilmek üzere tasarlanmadıklarını ve bu nedenle eğitime farklı bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç duyduklarını savunuyor. Yazar, çocukların bilişsel gelişimini ve beyinlerinin bilgileri yetişkinlerden farklı olarak nasıl işlediğini inceleyerek başlar. Gençlerin sınırlı çalışma hafızasına sahip olduklarını ve bunun da aynı anda birkaç göreve odaklanmalarını zorlaştırdığını açıklıyor. Buna ek olarak, beyinleri hala gelişiyor ve dikkat dağıtıcılara daha yatkın hale geliyor, bu da alakasız bilgileri ayıklamayı zorlaştırıyor. Willingham daha sonra bu sonuçların öğretme ve öğrenme üzerindeki etkilerini tartışır. Öğretmenlerin uzun süreli belleğin kısa süreli belleğe göre geliştirilmesine öncelik verdiğini, çünkü öğrencilerin uzun süreli bellekte depolandığında bilgileri daha iyi saklayabildiklerini öne sürüyor. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin uzun süreli hafızalarında kök salmadan önce yeni bilgileri birkaç kez tekrarlamaları gerektiğinden, öğrenmeyi geliştirmede tekrarlama ve uygulamanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Willingham'ın vurguladığı öğrenmenin bir diğer önemli yönü, bağlamsallaştırma ihtiyacıdır. Öğrencilerin, kendi deneyimleri ve ilgi alanlarıyla ilgili anlamlı bir bağlamda sunulduğunda materyalle etkileşime girme olasılıkları daha yüksektir.
為什麼學生不喜歡學校第二版認知科學家回答有關思維方式以及這對「為什麼學生不喜歡學校」班級意味著什麼的問題?認知科學家丹尼爾·威林漢姆(Daniel T. Willingham)洞察了思維方式及其對課堂的意義。在第二版中,Willingham深入研究學習科學,並為教師提供了實用策略,以幫助學生更有效地學習。他認為,學生不喜歡學校,因為他們不打算像成人那樣學習,因此需要不同的教育方法。作者首先研究兒童的認知發展,以及他們的大腦如何處理與成人不同的信息。他解釋說,輕人的工作記憶有限,因此他們很難同時專註於多個任務。此外,他們的大腦仍在發育,並且更容易分心,因此很難消除無關的信息。然後,Willingham討論了這些結果對學習和學習的重要性。他建議教師優先考慮長期記憶的發展,而不是短期記憶,因為當信息存儲在長期記憶中時,學生更擅長保存信息。它還強調了重復和實踐在加強學習中的重要性,因為學生需要多次重復新信息,然後才能紮根於他們的長期記憶中。Willingham強調學習的另一個重要方面是需要上下文化。當在與自己的經驗和興趣相關的有意義的背景下呈現材料時,學生更有可能與材料互動。

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