BOOKS - Understanding Autism
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Understanding Autism
Author: Scientific American Editors
Year: 2022
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.0 MB
Language: English



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Understanding Autism: A Comprehensive Guide to the Condition Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and behavior. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), autism is defined as a spectrum of disorders characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, and by repetitive behaviors or interests. The exact prevalence of autism is not fully understood due to the complexity of defining and diagnosing the condition, but it is estimated that 1 in 54 children in the United States have some form of autism. The Evolution of Technology and Autism Research Over the past few decades, technology has played an increasingly important role in understanding and treating autism. Advances in brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), have allowed researchers to study the brains of individuals with autism in unprecedented detail. These advances have led to a greater understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying autism, and have paved the way for new treatments and therapies.
Понимание аутизма: Всеобъемлющее руководство по состоянию Аутизм, также известный как расстройство аутистического спектра (ASD), является неврологическим расстройством и расстройством развития, которое влияет на общение, социальное взаимодействие и поведение. Согласно Диагностическому и статистическому руководству по психическим расстройствам (DSM-5), аутизм определяется как спектр расстройств, характеризующихся трудностями в социальной коммуникации и взаимодействии, а также повторяющимся поведением или интересами. Точная распространенность аутизма до конца не изучена из-за сложности определения и диагностики состояния, но, по оценкам, 1 из 54 детей в Соединенных Штатах имеет ту или иную форму аутизма. Эволюция технологий и исследования аутизма В последние несколько десятилетий технологии играют все более важную роль в понимании и лечении аутизма. Достижения в методах визуализации мозга, таких как функциональная магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) и электроэнцефалография (ЭЭГ), позволили исследователям изучить мозг людей с аутизмом в беспрецедентных деталях. Эти достижения привели к лучшему пониманию нейронных механизмов, лежащих в основе аутизма, и проложили путь к новым методам лечения и терапии.
Comprendre l'autisme : Un guide complet sur l'état de l'autisme, également connu sous le nom de trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA), est un trouble neurologique et un trouble du développement qui affecte la communication, les interactions sociales et le comportement. Selon le Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (DSM-5), l'autisme est défini comme une gamme de troubles caractérisés par des difficultés de communication sociale et d'interaction, ainsi que par des comportements ou des intérêts récurrents. La prévalence exacte de l'autisme n'a pas été entièrement étudiée en raison de la complexité de la définition et du diagnostic de la condition, mais on estime que 1 enfant sur 54 aux États-Unis a une forme d'autisme. Évolution de la technologie et recherche sur l'autisme Au cours des dernières décennies, la technologie a joué un rôle de plus en plus important dans la compréhension et le traitement de l'autisme. s progrès des techniques d'imagerie cérébrale telles que l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRM) et l'électroencéphalographie (EEG) ont permis aux chercheurs d'étudier le cerveau des personnes autistes dans des détails sans précédent. Ces progrès ont permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes neuronaux qui sous-tendent l'autisme et ont ouvert la voie à de nouveaux traitements et thérapies.
Comprensión del autismo: una guía integral sobre el estado autismo, también conocido como trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), es un trastorno neurológico y de desarrollo que afecta la comunicación, la interacción social y el comportamiento. Según el Manual de Diagnóstico y Estadística de Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5), el autismo se define como un espectro de trastornos caracterizados por dificultades en la comunicación e interacción social, así como comportamientos o intereses recurrentes. No se ha estudiado completamente la prevalencia exacta del autismo debido a la dificultad de determinar y diagnosticar la condición, pero se estima que 1 de cada 54 niños en Estados Unidos tiene alguna forma de autismo. La evolución de la tecnología y la investigación del autismo En las últimas décadas, la tecnología ha desempeñado un papel cada vez más importante en la comprensión y el tratamiento del autismo. avances en técnicas de imagen cerebral, como la resonancia magnética funcional (RMN) y la electroencefalografía (EEG), han permitido a los investigadores estudiar el cerebro de personas con autismo en detalles sin precedentes. Estos avances han llevado a una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen al autismo y han allanado el camino para nuevos tratamientos y terapias.
Comprensione dell'autismo: Guida completa all'autismo, noto anche come disturbo dello spettro autistico (ASD), è un disturbo neurologico e di sviluppo che influenza la comunicazione, l'interazione sociale e il comportamento. Secondo il Manuale Diagnostico e Statistico per i Disturbi Mentali (DSM-5), l'autismo è definito come una gamma di disturbi caratterizzati da difficoltà nella comunicazione sociale e nell'interazione, nonché comportamenti o interessi ricorrenti. La prevalenza esatta dell'autismo non è stata studiata fino in fondo a causa della difficoltà di identificare e diagnosticare la condizione, ma si stima che 1 bambino su 54 negli Stati Uniti ha una forma di autismo. L'evoluzione della tecnologia e la ricerca sull'autismo Negli ultimi decenni, la tecnologia ha svolto un ruolo sempre più importante nella comprensione e nel trattamento dell'autismo. I progressi nelle tecniche di visualizzazione del cervello, come la risonanza magnetica funzionale (risonanza magnetica) e l'elettroencefalografia (EEG), hanno permesso ai ricercatori di studiare il cervello di persone autistiche in dettagli senza precedenti. Questi progressi hanno portato a una migliore comprensione dei meccanismi neurali alla base dell'autismo e hanno aperto la strada a nuove terapie e terapie.
Autismus verstehen: Ein umfassender itfaden zum Zustand Autismus, auch Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (ASD) genannt, ist eine neurologische Störung und eine Entwicklungsstörung, die Kommunikation, soziale Interaktion und Verhalten beeinflusst. Nach dem Diagnostischen und Statistischen Handbuch Psychischer Störungen (DSM-5) ist Autismus definiert als ein Spektrum von Störungen, die durch Schwierigkeiten in der sozialen Kommunikation und Interaktion sowie durch sich wiederholende Verhaltensweisen oder Interessen gekennzeichnet sind. Die genaue Prävalenz von Autismus ist aufgrund der Komplexität der Definition und Diagnose der Erkrankung nicht vollständig verstanden, aber schätzungsweise 1 von 54 Kindern in den Vereinigten Staaten hat irgendeine Form von Autismus. Technologieentwicklung und Autismusforschung In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat Technologie eine immer wichtigere Rolle beim Verständnis und der Behandlung von Autismus gespielt. Fortschritte in bildgebenden Verfahren des Gehirns wie der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und der Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) ermöglichten es den Forschern, die Gehirne von Menschen mit Autismus in beispiellosen Details zu untersuchen. Diese Fortschritte führten zu einem besseren Verständnis der neuronalen Mechanismen, die Autismus zugrunde liegen, und ebneten den Weg für neue Behandlungen und Therapien.
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Otizmi Anlamak: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (ASD) olarak da bilinen Kapsamlı Bir Devlet Rehberi Otizm, iletişimi, sosyal etkileşimi ve davranışı etkileyen nörolojik ve gelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Zihinsel Bozuklukların Tanısal ve İstatistiksel Kitabına (DSM-5) göre, otizm, sosyal iletişim ve etkileşimdeki zorluklar ve tekrarlayan davranışlar veya ilgi alanları ile karakterize bir bozukluk spektrumu olarak tanımlanır. Otizmin kesin prevalansı, durumun tanımlanması ve teşhis edilmesinin zorluğu nedeniyle tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır, ancak Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki 54 çocuktan tahminen 1'inde bir tür otizm vardır. Teknoloji ve Otizm Araştırmalarının Evrimi Son birkaç on yılda, teknoloji otizmi anlama ve tedavi etmede giderek daha önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRI) ve elektroensefalografi (EEG) gibi beyin görüntüleme tekniklerindeki gelişmeler, araştırmacıların otizmli kişilerin beyinlerini benzeri görülmemiş ayrıntılarla incelemelerine olanak sağlamıştır. Bu ilerlemeler, otizmin altında yatan sinirsel mekanizmaların daha iyi anlaşılmasına yol açmış ve yeni tedavi ve terapilerin önünü açmıştır.
فهم التوحد: دليل الدولة الشامل التوحد، المعروف أيضًا باسم اضطراب طيف التوحد (ASD)، هو اضطراب عصبي ونمائي يؤثر على التواصل والتفاعل الاجتماعي والسلوك. وفقًا للدليل التشخيصي والإحصائي للاضطرابات العقلية (DSM-5)، يتم تعريف التوحد على أنه مجموعة من الاضطرابات التي تتميز بصعوبات في التواصل الاجتماعي والتفاعل، والسلوكيات أو الاهتمامات المتكررة. لا يُفهم الانتشار الدقيق للتوحد بشكل كامل بسبب صعوبة تحديد الحالة وتشخيصها، ولكن ما يقدر بنحو 1 من كل 54 طفلاً في الولايات المتحدة يعانون من شكل من أشكال التوحد. تطور التكنولوجيا وأبحاث التوحد في العقود القليلة الماضية، لعبت التكنولوجيا دورًا متزايد الأهمية في فهم وعلاج التوحد. سمحت التطورات في تقنيات تصوير الدماغ مثل التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي الوظيفي (MRI) وتخطيط كهربية الدماغ (EEG) للباحثين بدراسة أدمغة الأشخاص المصابين بالتوحد بتفاصيل غير مسبوقة. أدت هذه التطورات إلى فهم أفضل للآليات العصبية الكامنة وراء التوحد ومهدت الطريق لعلاجات وعلاجات جديدة.

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