BOOKS - Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontari...
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 - John McCallum April 1, 1980 PDF  BOOKS
ECO~28 kg CO²

3 TON

Views
72005

Telegram
 
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870
Author: John McCallum
Year: April 1, 1980
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 7.5 MB
Language: English



Pay with Telegram STARS
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 The book "Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870" by John McCallum offers a unique perspective on the economic history of Canada, focusing on the disparities between Quebec and Ontario during the pre-Confederation period. The author argues that the economic lead of Ontario over Quebec was not due to conservative attitudes or anti-industrial biases, but rather to the wealth generated by the province's superior agricultural land and specialization in wheat production. This advantage led to a significant difference in cash income for farmers in the two provinces, with Ontario farmers earning at least triple that of their Quebec counterparts. This disparity had profound effects on economic development in other sectors of the economy, such as town growth, transportation facilities, and industry. The book begins by highlighting the differences in agricultural practices between Quebec and Ontario, with Ontario farmers more specialized in wheat production and having access to virgin land, while Quebec farmers were limited by the lack of available land and proximity to the northeastern United States. As market conditions changed in the 1860s, Ontario was able to shift its focus to other industries, while Quebec struggled to find profitable alternatives to wheat production. This led to a widening gap in cash income between the two provinces, which had lasting impacts on their respective economic developments.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. Автор утверждает, что экономическое лидерство Онтарио над Квебеком было связано не с консервативными взглядами или антииндустриальными предубеждениями, а скорее с богатством, генерируемым превосходящими сельскохозяйственными землями провинции и специализацией на производстве пшеницы. Это преимущество привело к значительной разнице в денежных доходах фермеров в двух провинциях: фермеры Онтарио зарабатывали как минимум в три раза больше, чем их коллеги из Квебека. Это неравенство оказало глубокое влияние на экономическое развитие в других секторах экономики, таких как рост городов, транспортные средства и промышленность. Книга начинается с освещения различий в сельскохозяйственной практике между Квебеком и Онтарио, при этом фермеры Онтарио больше специализировались на производстве пшеницы и имели доступ к целине, в то время как квебекские фермеры были ограничены отсутствием доступных земель и близостью к северо-востоку США. Поскольку рыночные условия изменились в 1860-х годах, Онтарио смог сместить фокус на другие отрасли, в то время как Квебек изо всех сил пытался найти выгодные альтернативы производству пшеницы. Это привело к увеличению разрыва в денежных доходах между двумя провинциями, что оказало длительное влияние на их соответствующее экономическое развитие.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. L'auteur affirme que le leadership économique de l'Ontario sur le Québec n'était pas lié à des opinions conservatrices ou à des préjugés anti-industriels, mais plutôt à la richesse générée par les terres agricoles supérieures de la province et à la spécialisation dans la production de blé. Cet avantage a entraîné une différence importante dans les revenus monétaires des agriculteurs des deux provinces : les agriculteurs de l'Ontario gagnaient au moins trois fois plus que leurs homologues du Québec. Ces inégalités ont eu un impact profond sur le développement économique d'autres secteurs de l'économie, tels que la croissance urbaine, les véhicules et l'industrie. livre commence par mettre en lumière les différences de pratiques agricoles entre le Québec et l'Ontario, les agriculteurs de l'Ontario se spécialisant davantage dans la production de blé et ayant accès à la vigne, tandis que les agriculteurs du Québec étaient limités par le manque de terres disponibles et la proximité du nord-est des États-Unis. Comme les conditions du marché ont changé dans les années 1860, l'Ontario a réussi à se concentrer sur d'autres industries, tandis que le Québec a du mal à trouver des alternatives rentables à la production de blé. Cela a accru l'écart de revenus monétaires entre les deux provinces, ce qui a eu un impact durable sur leur développement économique respectif.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. autor sostiene que el liderazgo económico de Ontario sobre Quebec no se debió a actitudes conservadoras o prejuicios antiindustriales, sino más bien a la riqueza generada por las tierras agrícolas superiores de la provincia y la especialización en la producción de trigo. Esta ventaja dio lugar a grandes diferencias en los ingresos monetarios de los agricultores en las dos provincias: los agricultores de Ontario ganaban al menos tres veces más que sus homólogos de Quebec. Esta desigualdad ha tenido un profundo impacto en el desarrollo económico de otros sectores económicos, como el crecimiento urbano, los vehículos y la industria. libro comienza resaltando las diferencias en las prácticas agrícolas entre Quebec y Ontario, con los agricultores de Ontario más especializados en la producción de trigo y con acceso a la celina, mientras que los agricultores de Quebec estaban limitados por la falta de tierras disponibles y la proximidad al noreste de Estados Unidos. A medida que las condiciones del mercado cambiaron en la década de 1860, Ontario fue capaz de cambiar su enfoque hacia otras industrias, mientras Quebec luchaba por encontrar alternativas rentables a la producción de trigo. Esto se tradujo en una creciente brecha de ingresos monetarios entre las dos provincias, lo que tuvo un impacto duradero en su respectivo desarrollo económico.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. O autor afirma que a liderança econômica de Ontário sobre o Quebec não se deveu a opiniões conservadoras ou preconceitos anti-industriais, mas sim à riqueza gerada por terras agrícolas acima da província e à especialização na produção de trigo. Essa vantagem resultou em grandes diferenças entre os rendimentos dos agricultores em duas províncias: os agricultores de Ontário ganhavam pelo menos três vezes mais do que os seus colegas de Quebec. Essa desigualdade tem influenciado profundamente o desenvolvimento econômico em outros setores, como o crescimento urbano, os veículos e a indústria. O livro começa com as diferenças entre as práticas agrícolas de Quebec e Ontário, com os agricultores de Ontário mais especializados na produção de trigo e acesso à saúde, enquanto os agricultores de Quebec foram limitados pela falta de terras disponíveis e pela proximidade com o nordeste dos Estados Unidos. Como as condições de mercado mudaram na década de 1860, Ontário foi capaz de mudar o foco para outros setores, enquanto Quebec se esforçou para encontrar alternativas benéficas para a produção de trigo. Isso aumentou a disparidade entre as duas províncias, com efeitos duradouros sobre o seu desenvolvimento econômico apropriado.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. Der Autor argumentiert, dass Ontarios wirtschaftliche Führung über Quebec nicht auf konservative Ansichten oder antiindustrielle Vorurteile zurückzuführen war, sondern auf den Reichtum, der durch die überlegenen landwirtschaftlichen Flächen der Provinz und die Spezialisierung auf die Weizenproduktion generiert wurde. Dieser Vorteil führte zu einem erheblichen Unterschied in den monetären Einkommen der Landwirte in den beiden Provinzen: Ontarios Landwirte verdienten mindestens dreimal so viel wie ihre Kollegen in Quebec. Diese Ungleichheit hatte tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in anderen Wirtschaftssektoren wie städtisches Wachstum, Fahrzeuge und Industrie. Das Buch beginnt mit der Hervorhebung der Unterschiede in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis zwischen Quebec und Ontario, wobei sich die Ontario-Bauern stärker auf die Weizenproduktion spezialisiert haben und Zugang zu jungfräulichem Getreide hatten, während die Bauern in Quebec durch den Mangel an verfügbarem Land und die Nähe zum Nordosten der USA eingeschränkt waren. Als sich die Marktbedingungen in den 1860er Jahren änderten, konnte Ontario seinen Fokus auf andere Branchen verlagern, während Quebec Schwierigkeiten hatte, profitable Alternativen zur Weizenproduktion zu finden. Dies führte zu einer zunehmenden Kluft bei den monetären Einnahmen zwischen den beiden Provinzen, die sich nachhaltig auf ihre jeweilige wirtschaftliche Entwicklung auswirkte.
''
Eşitsiz Başlangıçlar: Quebec ve Ontario'da 1870 yılına kadar Tarım ve Ekonomik Kalkınma Книга "Eşitsiz Başlangıçlar: Quebec ve Ontario'da 1870 yılına kadar Tarım ve Ekonomik Kalkınma" Джона. Yazar, Ontario'nun Quebec üzerindeki ekonomik liderliğinin muhafazakar görüşlere veya sanayi karşıtı önyargılara değil, eyaletin üstün tarım arazileri ve buğday üretimindeki uzmanlığının yarattığı zenginliğe bağlı olduğunu savunuyor. Bu avantaj, iki ildeki çiftçilerin nakit gelirlerinde önemli bir farkla sonuçlandı; Ontario çiftçileri, Quebec'teki meslektaşlarından en az üç kat daha fazla kazanıyor. Bu eşitsizlikler, kentsel büyüme, araçlar ve sanayi gibi ekonominin diğer sektörlerinde ekonomik kalkınma üzerinde derin bir etkiye sahiptir. Kitap, Quebec ve Ontario arasındaki tarımsal uygulamalardaki farklılıkları vurgulayarak başlıyor; Ontario çiftçileri buğday üretiminde daha uzmanlaşmış ve bakir topraklara erişebiliyorken, Quebec çiftçileri mevcut arazi eksikliği ve kuzeydoğu Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ne yakınlık nedeniyle sınırlıydı. 1860'larda piyasa koşulları değiştikçe, Ontario odağını diğer endüstrilere kaydırırken, Quebec buğday üretimine karlı alternatifler bulmakta zorlandı. Bu, iki il arasında genişleyen nakit gelir uçurumuna yol açtı ve bu da kendi ekonomik kalkınmaları üzerinde kalıcı bir etkiye sahipti.
البدايات غير المتكافئة: الزراعة والتنمية الاقتصادية في كيبيك وأونتاريو حتى عام 1870 Книга «البدايات غير المتكافئة: الزراعة والتنمية الاقتصادية في كيبيك وأونتاريو حتى عام 1870» Джона. يجادل المؤلف بأن القيادة الاقتصادية لأونتاريو على كيبيك لم تكن بسبب الآراء المحافظة أو التحيزات المناهضة للصناعة، بل بسبب الثروة الناتجة عن الأراضي الزراعية المتفوقة في المقاطعة والتخصص في إنتاج القمح. وأدت هذه الميزة إلى اختلاف كبير في الدخل النقدي للمزارعين في المقاطعتين، حيث يكسب المزارعون في أونتاريو ما لا يقل عن ثلاثة أضعاف دخل نظرائهم في كيبيك. وكان لأوجه عدم المساواة هذه أثر عميق على التنمية الاقتصادية في قطاعات الاقتصاد الأخرى، مثل النمو الحضري والمركبات والصناعة. يبدأ الكتاب بتسليط الضوء على الاختلافات في الممارسات الزراعية بين كيبيك وأونتاريو، حيث كان المزارعون في أونتاريو أكثر تخصصًا في إنتاج القمح والوصول إلى الأراضي البكر، بينما كان مزارعو كيبيك محدودين بسبب نقص الأراضي المتاحة والقرب من شمال شرق الولايات المتحدة. مع تغير ظروف السوق في ستينيات القرن التاسع عشر، تمكنت أونتاريو من تحويل تركيزها إلى صناعات أخرى، بينما كافحت كيبيك لإيجاد بدائل مربحة لإنتاج القمح. أدى ذلك إلى اتساع فجوة الدخل النقدي بين المقاطعتين، مما كان له تأثير دائم على التنمية الاقتصادية لكل منهما.

You may also be interested in:

Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870
Workforce Development in Emerging Economies: Comparative Perspectives on Institutions, Praxis, and Policies for Economic Development (Directions in … in Development: Human Development)
Uneven Odds, Unequal Outcomes: Inequality of Opportunity in the Arab Region (Directions in Development) (Directions in Development: Poverty)
Bioenergy Development: Issues and Impacts for Poverty and Natural Resource Management (Agriculture and Rural Development)
HIV and AIDS in South Asia: An Economic Development Risk (Directions in Development - Human Development)
Globality, Unequal Development, and Ethics of Duty
Unequal Gains: American Growth and Inequality since 1700 (The Princeton Economic History of the Western World, 62)
Asean-China Economic Relations: In the Context of Pacific Economic Development and Co-Operation
Migration as Economic Imperialism: How International Labour Mobility Undermines Economic Development in Poor Countries
Dynamics of Rural Growth in Bangladesh: Sustaining Poverty Reduction (Directions in Development - Agriculture and Rural Development)
Capital in the Nineteenth Century (National Bureau of Economic Research Series on Long-Term Factors in Economic Development)
Natural resources, economic development, and the state: The Philippine experience (ISEAS environment and development series)
Institutional Change and the Development of Industrial Clusters in China : Case Studies from the Textile and Clothing Industry (Series on Economic Development and Growth)
The Legislature in Nigeria|s Presidential Democracy of the Fourth Republic: Power, Process, and Development (Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development)
Agriculture and Development: Berlin Workshop Series 2008
Economic Poisoning: Industrial Waste and the Chemicalization of American Agriculture (Critical Environments: Nature, Science, and Politics) (Volume 8)
Annual Report on the Development of China|s Special Economic Zones (2016): Blue Book of China|s Special Economic Zones (Current Chinese Economic Report Series)
Hired Hands: Labour and the Development of Prairie Agriculture, 1880-1930 (Canadian Social History Series)
One Hundred Thousand Tractors: The MTS and the Development of Controls in Soviet Agriculture (Russian Research Center Studies, 60)
Reaping Richer Returns: Public Spending Priorities for African Agriculture Productivity Growth (Africa Development Forum)
Awakening Africa|s Sleeping Giant: Prospects for Commercial Agriculture in the Guinea Savannah Zone and Beyond (Directions in Development)
Sustainable Agriculture: Technology, Planning and Management (Agriculture Issues and Policies)
Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Preparing Australian Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries for the Future
Economic Development of Myanmar
Regional Economic Development
Factors in Economic Development
Population Growth and Economic Development
Export Instability and Economic Development
The Keynesian Theory of Economic Development
Fiscal Policy and Economic Development
Gender and Governance in Rural Services: Insights from India, Ghana, and Ethiopia (Agriculture and Rural Development Series)
Economic Development and Islamic Finance (Directions in Development) (Directions in Development: Finance)
The Ethnic Chinese and Economic Development in Vietnam
Regional Economic Development in the Balkan Region
Economic Development and the Labor Market in Japan
Fundamentals of Economic Development Finance, Third Edition
Residential Water Demand and Economic Development
Oil and Economic Development Issues in Brunei
Visiting Grandchildren: Economic Development in the Maritimes
Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 2004, Europe: Economic Integration And Social Responsibility (Annual Conference on Development Economics)