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The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 (The Wilder House Series in Politics, History and Culture) - Terry Martin December 1, 2001 PDF  BOOKS
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The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 (The Wilder House Series in Politics, History and Culture)
Author: Terry Martin
Year: December 1, 2001
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 40 MB
Language: English



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The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 In this thought-provoking book, Terry Martin delves into the intricate history of the Soviet Union's management of its diverse ethnic populations during the early years of the Bolshevik regime. The author sheds light on the complexities of the nationalities policy that was implemented in the 1920s, which aimed to defuse nationalist sentiment by creating tens of thousands of national territories, training new national leaders, and establishing official languages for each group. This massive historical experiment in governing a multiethnic state is thoroughly examined through newly available archival sources, providing a comprehensive survey and interpretation of the conflicts and tensions that arose from these policies. The book explores the contradictions inherent in the Soviet nationality policy, which sought to foster the growth of national consciousness among minority populations while dictating the exact content of their cultures, sponsoring national liberation movements in neighboring countries, and eliminating all foreign influence on the Soviet Union's diaspora nationalities. Martin's analysis also covers the political logic behind Stalin's policies as he responded to perceived threats to Soviet unity in the 1930s, including the reestablishment of Russians as the state's leading nationality and the deportation of numerous "enemy nations" and ethnic groups.
The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 В этой заставляющей задуматься книге Терри Мартин углубляется в запутанную историю управления Советским Союзом своим разнообразным этническим населением в первые годы большевистского режима. Автор проливает свет на сложности национальной политики, которая проводилась в 1920-х годах, целью которой было разрядить националистические настроения путём создания десятков тысяч национальных территорий, подготовки новых национальных лидеров и установления официальных языков для каждой группы. Этот масштабный исторический эксперимент по управлению многонациональным государством тщательно изучается с помощью новых доступных архивных источников, обеспечивая всесторонний обзор и интерпретацию конфликтов и напряженности, возникших в результате этой политики. Книга исследует противоречия, присущие советской национальной политике, которая стремилась способствовать росту национального сознания среди меньшинств, в то же время диктуя точное содержание их культур, спонсируя национально-освободительные движения в соседних странах и устраняя все иностранное влияние на диаспоры Советского Союза. Анализ Мартина также охватывает политическую логику политики Сталина, когда он отвечал на предполагаемые угрозы советскому единству в 1930-х годах, включая восстановление русских в качестве ведущей национальности государства и депортацию многочисленных «вражеских наций» и этнических групп.
The Affirmative Action Empire : Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 Dans ce livre de réflexion, Terry Martin s'enfonce dans l'histoire confuse de la gouvernance de l'Union soviétique par sa population ethnique diversifiée dans les premières années du régime bolchevique. L'auteur met en lumière la complexité de la politique nationale menée dans les années 1920, qui visait à désamorcer les sentiments nationalistes en créant des dizaines de milliers de territoires nationaux, en formant de nouveaux dirigeants nationaux et en établissant des langues officielles pour chaque groupe. Cette vaste expérience historique de la gestion d'un État multinational fait l'objet d'un examen attentif au moyen de nouvelles sources archivistiques accessibles, qui permettent d'examiner et d'interpréter de manière exhaustive les conflits et les tensions qui en découlent. livre explore les contradictions inhérentes à la politique nationale soviétique, qui cherchait à promouvoir la conscience nationale parmi les minorités, tout en dictant le contenu exact de leurs cultures, en parrainant les mouvements de libération nationale dans les pays voisins et en éliminant toute influence étrangère sur les diasporas de l'Union soviétique. L'analyse de Martin couvre également la logique politique de Staline quand il a répondu aux prétendues menaces à l'unité soviétique dans les années 1930, y compris la restauration des Russes en tant que nationalité principale de l'État et la déportation de nombreuses « nations ennemies » et groupes ethniques.
The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 En este libro que hace pensar, Terry Martin profundiza en la confusa historia de la gestión de la Unión Soviética por su diversa población étnica durante los primeros del régimen bolchevique. autor arroja luz sobre la complejidad de la política nacional que se llevó a cabo en la década de 1920, cuyo objetivo era desactivar el sentimiento nacionalista creando decenas de miles de territorios nacionales, formando nuevos líderes nacionales y estableciendo las lenguas oficiales para cada grupo. Este experimento histórico a gran escala sobre la gestión de un Estado multinacional se está estudiando cuidadosamente a través de nuevas fuentes de archivo disponibles, lo que permite una revisión e interpretación exhaustivas de los conflictos y tensiones resultantes de esta política. libro explora las contradicciones inherentes a la política nacional soviética, que buscaba promover una mayor conciencia nacional entre las minorías, al tiempo que dictaba el contenido exacto de sus culturas, patrocinaba movimientos de liberación nacional en los países vecinos y eliminaba toda influencia extranjera en las diásporas de la Unión Soviética. análisis de Martin también abarca la lógica política de la política de Stalin cuando respondió a supuestas amenazas a la unidad soviética en la década de 1930, incluyendo la restauración de los rusos como la nacionalidad líder del estado y la deportación de numerosas «naciones enemigas» y grupos étnicos.
The Affirmative Action Empire: Nações e Nacionalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 Neste livro que faz pensar, Terry Martin aprofundou-se na história confusa de governar a União Soviética por sua população étnica diversificada nos primeiros anos do regime bolchevique. O autor esclarece as complexidades da política nacional dos anos 1920, com o objetivo de desanuviar o sentimento nacionalista criando dezenas de milhares de territórios nacionais, capacitando novos líderes nacionais e estabelecendo línguas oficiais para cada grupo. Esta experiência histórica em grande escala de gestão de um Estado multinacional está sendo cuidadosamente estudada através de novas fontes de arquivo disponíveis, proporcionando uma revisão e interpretação abrangentes dos conflitos e tensões resultantes dessa política. O livro explora as contradições inerentes à política nacional soviética, que buscava promover a consciência nacional entre as minorias, ao mesmo tempo que ditava o teor exato de suas culturas, patrocinando movimentos de libertação nacional nos países vizinhos e eliminando toda a influência estrangeira sobre as diásporas da União Soviética. A análise de Martin também abrange a lógica política de Stalin quando respondeu a supostas ameaças à unidade soviética nos anos 1930, incluindo a reintegração dos russos como a principal nacionalidade do Estado e a deportação de inúmeras «nações inimigas» e grupos étnicos.
The Affirmative Action Empire: Nazioni e Nazionalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 In questo libro che fa riflettere, Terry Martin approfondisce la complessa storia di governo dell'Unione Sovietica con la sua variegata popolazione etnica nei primi anni del regime bolscevico. L'autore mette in luce le complicazioni della politica nazionale degli annì 20, che aveva lo scopo di disinnescare il sentimento nazionalista creando decine di migliaia di territori nazionali, formando nuovi leader nazionali e stabilendo lingue ufficiali per ogni gruppo. Questo grande esperimento storico di gestione di uno stato multinazionale viene studiato attentamente attraverso nuove fonti di archiviazione disponibili, fornendo una panoramica completa e un'interpretazione dei conflitti e delle tensioni derivanti dalla politica. Il libro esplora le contraddizioni inerenti la politica nazionale sovietica, che cercava di promuovere la coscienza nazionale tra le minoranze, mentre dettava il contenuto esatto delle loro culture, sponsorizzando i movimenti di liberazione nazionale nei paesi vicini ed eliminando tutte le influenze straniere sulle diaspore dell'Unione Sovietica. L'analisi di Martin comprende anche la logica politica della politica di Stalin quando ha risposto a presunte minacce all'unità sovietica negli annì 30, tra cui la ricostruzione dei russi come nazionalità leader dello Stato e la deportazione di numerose «nazioni nemiche» e gruppi etnici.
The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 In diesem zum Nachdenken anregenden Buch taucht Terry Martin in die verworrene Geschichte der Verwaltung der Sowjetunion durch ihre vielfältige ethnische Bevölkerung in den frühen Jahren des bolschewistischen Regimes ein. Der Autor beleuchtet die Komplexität der nationalen Politik der 1920er Jahre, deren Ziel es war, nationalistische Stimmungen zu entschärfen, indem Zehntausende von nationalen Territorien geschaffen, neue nationale Führer ausgebildet und offizielle Sprachen für jede Gruppe festgelegt wurden. Dieses groß angelegte historische Experiment zur Verwaltung eines multinationalen Staates wird mit Hilfe neuer verfügbarer Archivquellen unter die Lupe genommen und bietet einen umfassenden Überblick und eine Interpretation der Konflikte und Spannungen, die sich aus dieser Politik ergeben haben. Das Buch untersucht die Widersprüche, die der sowjetischen nationalen Politik innewohnen, die das Wachstum des nationalen Bewusstseins unter den Minderheiten fördern wollte, während sie gleichzeitig den genauen Inhalt ihrer Kulturen diktierte, die nationalen Befreiungsbewegungen in den Nachbarländern sponserte und alle ausländischen Einflüsse auf die Diaspora der Sowjetunion beseitigte. Martins Analyse deckt auch die politische Logik von Stalins Politik ab, als er in den 1930er Jahren auf angebliche Bedrohungen der sowjetischen Einheit reagierte, einschließlich der Wiederherstellung der Russen als führende Nationalität des Staates und der Deportation zahlreicher „feindlicher Nationen“ und ethnischer Gruppen.
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The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939 Bu düşündürücü kitapta Terry Martin, Bolşevik rejimin ilk yıllarında çeşitli etnik nüfusuyla Sovyetler Birliği'ni yönetmenin karmaşık tarihini inceliyor. Yazar, 1920'lerde izlenen ulusal politikanın karmaşıklığına ışık tutuyor; bunun amacı, on binlerce ulusal bölge yaratarak, yeni ulusal liderler yetiştirerek ve her grup için resmi diller kurarak milliyetçi duyguları etkisiz hale getirmekti. Çokuluslu bir devletin yönetişimindeki bu büyük ölçekli tarihsel deney, yeni mevcut arşiv kaynakları ile incelenmekte ve bu politikalardan kaynaklanan çatışmalara ve gerilimlere kapsamlı bir genel bakış ve yorum sunmaktadır. Kitap, azınlıklar arasında ulusal bilincin büyümesini teşvik etmeye çalışan, aynı zamanda kültürlerinin tam içeriğini dikte eden, komşu ülkelerdeki ulusal kurtuluş hareketlerini destekleyen ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin diasporaları üzerindeki tüm yabancı etkileri ortadan kaldıran Sovyet ulusal siyasetinin doğasındaki çelişkileri araştırıyor. Martin'in analizi, Stalin'in 1930'larda Sovyet birliğine yönelik algılanan tehditlere yanıt verirken, Rusları devletin önde gelen uyruğu olarak eski haline getirmek ve çok sayıda "düşman ulus've etnik grubu sınır dışı etmek de dahil olmak üzere Stalin'in politikalarının siyasi mantığını da kapsıyor.
إمبراطورية العمل الإيجابي: الأمم والقومية في الاتحاد السوفيتي، 1923-1939 في هذا الكتاب المثير للتفكير، يتعمق تيري مارتن في التاريخ المعقد لحكم الاتحاد السوفيتي مع سكانه العرقيين المتنوعين في السنوات الأولى من النظام البلشفي. يلقي المؤلف الضوء على تعقيدات السياسة الوطنية التي اتبعت في عشرينيات القرن الماضي، والتي كان الغرض منها نزع فتيل المشاعر القومية من خلال إنشاء عشرات الآلاف من الأقاليم الوطنية وتدريب قادة وطنيين جدد وإنشاء لغات رسمية لكل مجموعة. يتم فحص هذه التجربة التاريخية واسعة النطاق في حوكمة دولة متعددة الجنسيات من خلال مصادر المحفوظات المتاحة حديثًا، مما يوفر نظرة عامة شاملة وتفسير للصراعات والتوترات الناتجة عن هذه السياسات. يستكشف الكتاب التناقضات المتأصلة في السياسة الوطنية السوفيتية، والتي سعت إلى تعزيز نمو الوعي القومي بين الأقليات، مع إملاء المحتوى الدقيق لثقافاتها، ورعاية حركات التحرير الوطني في البلدان المجاورة والقضاء على كل التأثير الأجنبي على المغتربين في الاتحاد السوفيتي. يغطي تحليل مارتن أيضًا المنطق السياسي لسياسات ستالين حيث استجاب للتهديدات المتصورة للوحدة السوفيتية في الثلاثينيات، بما في ذلك إعادة الروس كجنسية رائدة للدولة وترحيل العديد من «الدول المعادية» والمجموعات العرقية.

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