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The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896 - Richard White September 1, 2017 PDF  BOOKS
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The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896
Author: Richard White
Year: September 1, 2017
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 53 MB
Language: English



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The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, by Richard White, is a comprehensive history of the tumultuous period following the Civil War, offering a fresh and integrated interpretation of Reconstruction and the Gilded Age. This volume in the Oxford History of the United States series provides a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by Americans during this pivotal moment in the country's development. After the Civil War, the victorious North envisioned a future for the country as a free labor republic with a homogenous citizenry, both black and white. However, thirty years later, the unity that was supposedly secured had proven ephemeral. The country had expanded in size, wealth, and diversity, but life spans were shorter, and physical wellbeing had diminished due to disease and hazardous working conditions. Independent producers had become wage earners, and the country had become more urban and industrial. The gap between the very rich and the poor had also grown wider, leading to deep social, economic, and political divisions. The Gilded Age was marked by corruption, which gave the era its name, and vigorous efforts to secure economic, moral, and cultural reforms emerged from below, rather than from political leadership.
The Republic What It Stars: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, by Richard White, - всеобъемлющая история бурного периода после Гражданской войны, предлагающая свежую и интегрированную интерпретацию Реконструкции и Позолоченного века. Этот том в серии Oxford History of the United States дает тонкое понимание проблем, с которыми столкнулись американцы в этот ключевой момент развития страны. После Гражданской войны победивший Север представлял себе будущее страны как свободной трудовой республики с однородным гражданством, как чёрным, так и белым. Однако тридцать лет спустя единство, которое якобы было обеспечено, оказалось эфемерным. Страна увеличилась в размерах, богатстве и разнообразии, но продолжительность жизни была короче, а физическое благополучие уменьшилось из-за болезней и опасных условий труда. Независимые производители стали наемными работниками, а страна стала более городской и индустриальной. Разрыв между очень богатыми и бедными также увеличился, что привело к глубоким социальным, экономическим и политическим разногласиям. Позолоченный век был отмечен коррупцией, которая дала эпохе название, и энергичные усилия по обеспечению экономических, моральных и культурных реформ появились снизу, а не из политического руководства.
The Republic What It Stars : The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, by Richard White, est une histoire complète d'une période agitée après la guerre civile, offrant une interprétation fraîche et intégrée de la Reconstruction et de l'Âge d'Or. Ce volume de la série Oxford History of the United States fournit une compréhension subtile des défis auxquels les Américains ont été confrontés à ce moment clé du développement du pays. Après la guerre civile, le Nord victorieux imaginait l'avenir du pays comme une république ouvrière libre avec une citoyenneté homogène, noire et blanche. Mais trente ans plus tard, l'unité qui aurait été assurée s'est avérée éphémère. La taille, la richesse et la diversité du pays ont augmenté, mais l'espérance de vie a été plus courte et le bien-être physique a diminué en raison de maladies et de conditions de travail dangereuses. s producteurs indépendants sont devenus des salariés et le pays est devenu plus urbain et industriel. L'écart entre les très riches et les pauvres s'est également creusé, ce qui a entraîné de profondes divisions sociales, économiques et politiques. L'âge d'or a été marqué par la corruption, qui a donné son nom à l'époque, et les efforts énergiques pour mettre en place des réformes économiques, morales et culturelles sont apparus d'en bas, plutôt que de la direction politique.
The Republic What It Stars: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, by Richard White, es una historia integral del turbulento período posterior a la Guerra Civil que ofrece una interpretación fresca e integrada Reconstrucciones y la Edad Dorada. Este volumen de la serie Oxford History of the United States proporciona una sutil comprensión de los desafíos que enfrentan los estadounidenses en este momento clave del desarrollo del país. Después de la Guerra Civil, el Norte victorioso imaginó el futuro del país como una república libre de trabajo con una ciudadanía homogénea, tanto negra como blanca. n embargo, treinta después, la unidad que supuestamente se aseguró resultó ser efímera. país ha aumentado en tamaño, riqueza y diversidad, pero la esperanza de vida ha sido más corta y el bienestar físico ha disminuido debido a enfermedades y condiciones de trabajo peligrosas. productores independientes se convirtieron en asalariados y el país se hizo más urbano e industrial. La brecha entre los muy ricos y los pobres también ha aumentado, lo que ha llevado a profundas divisiones sociales, económicas y políticas. La época dorada estuvo marcada por la corrupción, que dio nombre a la época, y los esfuerzos vigorosos para asegurar las reformas económicas, morales y culturales surgieron desde abajo, no desde la dirección política.
The Republic What It Stars: The United States During Recordation and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, by Richard White, é uma história abrangente do período conturbado pós-Guerra Civil, oferecendo uma interpretação recente e integrada da Reconstrução e da Idade do Ouro. Este volume na série Oxford History of the United States oferece uma compreensão sutil dos desafios enfrentados pelos americanos neste momento crucial do desenvolvimento do país. Depois da Guerra Civil, o Norte vencedor imaginou o futuro do país como uma república de trabalho livre, com cidadania homogênea, tanto preta como branca. No entanto, trinta anos depois, a unidade supostamente garantida foi efêmera. O país aumentou em tamanho, riqueza e diversidade, mas a expectativa de vida era mais curta e o bem-estar físico diminuiu devido a doenças e condições de trabalho perigosas. Os produtores independentes tornaram-se trabalhadores e o país tornou-se mais urbano e industrial. O fosso entre ricos e pobres também aumentou, levando a profundas diferenças sociais, econômicas e políticas. A Idade do Ouro foi marcada pela corrupção, que deu o nome à época, e os esforços vigorosos em prol de reformas econômicas, morais e culturais vieram de baixo, e não da liderança política.
The Republic What It Stars: The United States During Recordation and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, by Richard White, è una storia completa del periodo turbolento dopo la Guerra Civile che offre un'interpretazione recente e integrata della Ricostruzione e dell'Età Dorata. Questo volume della serie Oxford History of the United States offre una delicata comprensione dei problemi affrontati dagli americani in questo momento chiave di sviluppo del paese. Dopo la Guerra Civile, il Nord vincente immaginava il futuro di una repubblica di lavoro libero, con una cittadinanza omogenea, sia nera che bianca. Ma trent'anni dopo, l'unità che era stata presumibilmente garantita si rivelò effimera. Il paese è aumentato in termini di dimensioni, ricchezza e diversità, ma l'aspettativa di vita era più breve e il benessere fisico è diminuito a causa di malattie e condizioni di lavoro pericolose. I produttori indipendenti sono diventati lavoratori dipendenti e il paese è diventato più urbano e industriale. Anche il divario tra ricchi e poveri è aumentato, causando profonde divergenze sociali, economiche e politiche. L'età dorata è stata segnata dalla corruzione, che ha dato il nome all'epoca, e gli sforzi vigorosi per realizzare riforme economiche, morali e culturali sono emersi dal basso, non dalla leadership politica.
The Republic What It Stars: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, von Richard White, ist eine umfassende Geschichte der turbulenten Zeit nach dem Bürgerkrieg, die eine frische und integrierte Interpretation der Rekonstruktion und des vergoldeten Zeitalters bietet. Dieser Band in der Oxford History of the United States-Serie bietet einen subtilen Einblick in die Herausforderungen, vor denen die Amerikaner in diesem entscheidenden Moment der Entwicklung des Landes standen. Nach dem Bürgerkrieg stellte sich der siegreiche Norden die Zukunft des Landes als freie Arbeiterrepublik mit einer homogenen Staatsbürgerschaft vor, sowohl schwarz als auch weiß. Dreißig Jahre später erwies sich die angeblich gesicherte Einheit jedoch als vergänglich. Das Land hat an Größe, Reichtum und Vielfalt zugenommen, aber die benserwartung war kürzer und das körperliche Wohlbefinden aufgrund von Krankheiten und gefährlichen Arbeitsbedingungen zurückgegangen. Unabhängige Produzenten wurden zu Lohnarbeitern und das Land wurde städtischer und industrieller. Die Kluft zwischen den sehr Reichen und den Armen hat sich ebenfalls vergrößert, was zu tiefen sozialen, wirtschaftlichen und politischen Spaltungen geführt hat. Das vergoldete Zeitalter war geprägt von der Korruption, die der Ära ihren Namen gab, und die energischen Bemühungen, wirtschaftliche, moralische und kulturelle Reformen durchzusetzen, kamen von unten, nicht von der politischen Führung.
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The Republic What It Stars: The United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896, Richard White tarafından yazılan, Yeniden Yapılanma ve Yaldızlı Çağ'ın yeni ve bütünleşmiş bir yorumunu sunan, İç Savaş'tan sonraki çalkantılı dönemin kapsamlı bir tarihidir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Oxford Tarihi serisindeki bu cilt, ülkenin gelişiminde bu önemli anda Amerikalıların karşılaştığı zorlukların nüanslı bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlar. İç Savaştan sonra muzaffer Kuzey, ülkenin geleceğini hem siyah hem de beyaz homojen vatandaşlığa sahip özgür bir işçi cumhuriyeti olarak hayal etti. Ancak otuz yıl sonra, sözde güvence altına alınan birlik geçici oldu. Ülkenin büyüklüğü, zenginliği ve çeşitliliği arttı, ancak yaşam beklentisi daha kısaydı ve hastalık ve tehlikeli çalışma koşulları nedeniyle fiziksel refah azaldı. Bağımsız üreticiler işçi oldu ve ülke daha kentsel ve endüstriyel hale geldi. Çok zengin ve fakir arasındaki uçurum da genişledi ve derin sosyal, ekonomik ve politik bölünmelere yol açtı. Yaldızlı Çağ, çağa adını veren yolsuzlukla damgasını vurdu ve siyasi liderlikten ziyade aşağıdan ekonomik, ahlaki ve kültürel reformları güvence altına almak için güçlü çabalar ortaya çıktı.
The Republic What It Stars: The United States أثناء إعادة الإعمار والعصر المذهب، 1865-1896، بقلم ريتشارد وايت، هو تاريخ شامل للفترة المضطربة بعد الحرب الأهلية، ويقدم تفسيرًا جديدًا ومتكاملًا لإعادة الإعمار والعصر المذهب. يوفر هذا المجلد في سلسلة Oxford History of the United States فهمًا دقيقًا للتحديات التي تواجه الأمريكيين في هذه اللحظة الحاسمة في تنمية البلاد. بعد الحرب الأهلية، تخيل الشمال المنتصر مستقبل البلاد كجمهورية عمالية حرة ذات مواطنة متجانسة، سواء من السود أو البيض. بعد ثلاثين عامًا، ثبت أن الوحدة التي كان من المفترض أن تكون مضمونة سريعة الزوال. زاد حجم البلاد وثروتها وتنوعها، لكن متوسط العمر المتوقع كان أقصر وانخفض الرفاهية البدنية بسبب المرض وظروف العمل الخطيرة. أصبح المصنعون المستقلون موظفين، وأصبحت البلاد أكثر حضرية وصناعية. كما اتسعت الفجوة بين الأغنياء والفقراء، مما أدى إلى انقسامات اجتماعية واقتصادية وسياسية عميقة. تميز العصر الذهبي بالفساد الذي أعطى العصر اسمه، وظهرت جهود حثيثة لتأمين الإصلاحات الاقتصادية والأخلاقية والثقافية من الأسفل وليس من القيادة السياسية.

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