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From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry: Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines, 1800-1950 - Mary Jo Nye January 1, 1994 PDF  BOOKS
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From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry: Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines, 1800-1950
Author: Mary Jo Nye
Year: January 1, 1994
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 13 MB
Language: English



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From Lavoisier and Dalton in the late 18th century to Robinson, Ingold, and Pauling in the mid-20th century, Nye's graceful narrative delves into the historical demarcation of chemistry from physics and the subsequent reconvergences of the two. Through the lens of disciplinary and identity, she develops a theory of the nature of scientific disciplines and their changes over time. As we follow Nye's engaging account, we are left to ponder whether chemists in the mid-20th century suspected that chemical explanations had been reduced to physical laws, much like Newtonian mechanical philosophers had imagined in the 18th century.
От Лавуазье и Далтона в конце XVIII века до Робинсона, Ингольда и Полинга в середине XX века изящное повествование Ная углубляется в историческое разграничение химии от физики и последующие реконвергенции этих двух. Через призму дисциплинарности и идентичности она разрабатывает теорию природы научных дисциплин и их изменений с течением времени. Когда мы следуем увлекательному рассказу Ная, нам остается размышлять, подозревали ли химики в середине 20-го века, что химические объяснения были сведены к физическим законам, подобно тому, как ньютоновские философы-механики представляли себе в 18-м веке.
De Lavoisier et Dalton à la fin du XVIIIe siècle à Robinson, Ingold et Pauling au milieu du XXe siècle, le récit élégant de Nay s'approfondit dans la distinction historique de la chimie de la physique et des reconversion ultérieures de ces deux. À travers le prisme de la discipline et de l'identité, elle développe une théorie de la nature des disciplines scientifiques et de leur évolution dans le temps. Quand nous suivons l'histoire fascinante de Nay, nous devons nous demander si les chimistes du milieu du 20ème siècle soupçonnaient que les explications chimiques étaient réduites aux lois physiques, comme les philosophes de la mécanique newtonienne l'imaginaient au 18ème siècle.
Desde Lavoisier y Dalton a finales del siglo XVIII hasta Robinson, Ingold y Pauling a mediados del siglo XX, la elegante narración de Naya profundiza en la demarcación histórica de la química desde la física y las reconvergencias posteriores de estos dos. A través del prisma de la disciplina y la identidad, desarrolla una teoría de la naturaleza de las disciplinas científicas y sus cambios a lo largo del tiempo. Cuando seguimos el fascinante relato de Naya, nos queda por reflexionar si los químicos sospecharon a mediados del siglo XX que las explicaciones químicas se habían reducido a leyes físicas, tal como los filósofos mecánicos newtonianos imaginaron en el siglo XVIII.
Desde Lavouazier e Dalton, no final do século XVIII, até Robinson, Ingold e Poling, em meados do século XX, a narrativa elegante de Naya se aprofundou na diferença histórica entre a química e a física e a consequente reinvenção dos dois. Através do prisma de disciplinarismo e identidade, ela desenvolve a teoria da natureza das disciplinas científicas e suas mudanças ao longo do tempo. Quando seguimos o fascinante relato de Naya, temos de nos perguntar se os químicos suspeitavam, em meados do século 20, que as explicações químicas estavam reduzidas a leis físicas, tal como os filósofos mecânicos de Newton imaginavam no século 18.
Da Lavouazier e Dalton alla fine del XVIII secolo fino a Robinson, Ingold e Pauling a metà del XX secolo, la narrazione elegante di Ny si approfondisce nella distinzione storica tra la chimica e la fisica e le successive ricorrenze di questi due. Attraverso la disciplina e l'identità, sviluppa la teoria della natura delle discipline scientifiche e dei loro cambiamenti nel tempo. Quando seguiamo l'affascinante racconto di Naya, dobbiamo chiederci se i chimici sospettavano, a metà del ventesimo secolo, che le spiegazioni chimiche fossero ridotte a leggi fisiche, come i filosofi meccanici newtoniani immaginavano nel diciottesimo secolo.
Von Lavoisier und Dalton Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts bis Robinson, Ingold und Pauling Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts vertieft sich Nays anmutige Erzählung in die historische Abgrenzung der Chemie von der Physik und die anschließenden Umbrüche der beiden. Durch das Prisma der Disziplinarität und Identität entwickelt sie eine Theorie der Natur wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen und ihrer Veränderungen im Laufe der Zeit. Wenn wir Nays faszinierender Geschichte folgen, bleibt uns zu überlegen, ob Chemiker Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts den Verdacht hatten, dass chemische Erklärungen auf physikalische Gesetze reduziert wurden, ähnlich wie es sich Newtons mechanische Philosophen im 18. Jahrhundert vorgestellt hatten.
Od Lavoisier i Dalton pod koniec XVIII wieku do Robinson, Ingold i Pauling w połowie XX wieku, elegancka narracja Nye'a zagłębia się w historyczne rozgraniczenie chemii z fizyki i późniejszą konwergencję obu. Poprzez soczewkę dyscypliny i tożsamości rozwija teorię natury dyscyplin naukowych i ich zmian w czasie. Kiedy śledzimy fascynujące relacje Nye'a, możemy spekulować, czy chemicy w połowie XX wieku podejrzewali, że wyjaśnienia chemiczne zostały zredukowane do praw fizycznych, podobnie jak wyobrażali to newtońscy filozofowie mechaniczni w XVIII wieku.
מלבואזיה ודלטון בסוף המאה ה-18 לרובינסון, אינגולד ופאולינג באמצע המאה ה-20, הנרטיב האלגנטי של ניי מתעמק בירידה ההיסטורית של הכימיה מהפיזיקה ובהתכנסות מחדש של השניים. באמצעות העדשה של הדיסציפלינה והזהות, היא מפתחת תיאוריה של טבעם של הדיסציפלינות המדעיות והשינויים שלהן לאורך זמן. כשאנו עוקבים אחר החשבון המרתק של ניי, אנו נותרים לשער האם כימאים באמצע המאה ה-20 חשדו שהסברים כימיים הופחתו לחוקים פיזיקליים, בדומה למה שפילוסופים מכניים ניוטוניים דמיינו במאה ה-18.''
18. yüzyılın sonunda Lavoisier ve Dalton'dan 20. yüzyılın ortalarında Robinson, Ingold ve Pauling'e kadar, Nye'nin zarif anlatısı kimyanın fizikten tarihsel sınırlarına ve daha sonra ikisinin yeniden birleşmesine değiniyor. Disiplin ve kimlik merceğiyle, bilimsel disiplinlerin doğası ve zaman içindeki değişimleri hakkında bir teori geliştirir. Nye'nin büyüleyici anlatımını takip ettiğimizde, 20. yüzyılın ortalarında kimyagerlerin, Newton mekanik filozoflarının 18. yüzyılda hayal ettikleri gibi, kimyasal açıklamaların fiziksel yasalara indirgenmiş olduğundan şüphelenip şüphelenmediklerini tahmin etmek zorundayız.
من لافوازييه ودالتون في نهاية القرن الثامن عشر إلى روبنسون وإنغولد وبولينغ في منتصف القرن العشرين، تتعمق رواية ناي الأنيقة في الترسيم التاريخي للكيمياء من الفيزياء وما تلاها من إعادة تقارب بين الاثنين. من خلال عدسة الانضباط والهوية، طورت نظرية لطبيعة التخصصات العلمية وتغيراتها بمرور الوقت. عندما نتابع رواية ناي الرائعة، تركنا للتكهن بما إذا كان الكيميائيون في منتصف القرن العشرين يشتبهون في أن التفسيرات الكيميائية قد تحولت إلى قوانين فيزيائية، على غرار ما تخيله الفلاسفة الميكانيكيون النيوتونيون في القرن الثامن عشر.
18 세기 말 Lavoisier와 Dalton에서 20 세기 중반 Robinson, Ingold 및 Pauling에 이르기까지 Nye의 우아한 이야기는 물리학의 역사적 경계와 그 이후의 두 가지 재수렴에 대해 탐구합니다. 그녀는 훈련과 정체성의 렌즈를 통해 과학 분야의 본질과 시간이 지남에 따른 변화에 대한 이론을 개발합니다. 우리가 Nye의 매혹적인 설명을 따를 때, 우리는 20 세기 중반의 화학자들이 18 세기에 뉴턴의 기계 철학자들이 상상 한 것과 유사하게 화학적 설명이 물리 법칙으로 축소되었다고 의심했는지 여부를 추측해야합니다.
18世紀末のラヴォアジエとダルトンから20世紀半ばのロビンソン、インゴールド、ポーリングまで、ナイのエレガントな物語は、物理学からの化学の歴史的な境界と、その後の2つの再収束を掘り下げます。規律とアイデンティティのレンズを通して、彼女は時間の経過とともに科学分野の性質とその変化の理論を開発します。Nyeの魅力的な記述をたどると、20世紀半ばの化学者たちは、ニュートンの機械哲学者たちが18世紀に想像していたように、化学的な説明が物理的な法則に縮小されたのではないかと疑っていたのではないかと推測することができます。
從18世紀後期的Lavoisier和Dalton到20世紀中葉的Robinson,Ingold和Pauling,Nye優美的敘述深入探討了化學與物理學的歷史劃界以及隨後兩者之間的重新融合。通過學科和身份的棱鏡,她發展了科學學科的性質及其隨時間的變化的理論。當我們遵循奈的引人入勝的說法時,我們不得不反思化學家是否在20世紀中葉懷疑化學解釋已被簡化為物理定律,就像牛頓的機械哲學家在18世紀所想象的那樣。

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