BOOKS - Ryogen and Mount Hiei: Japanese Tendai in the Tenth Century
Ryogen and Mount Hiei: Japanese Tendai in the Tenth Century - Paul Groner February 1, 2002 PDF  BOOKS
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Ryogen and Mount Hiei: Japanese Tendai in the Tenth Century
Author: Paul Groner
Year: February 1, 2002
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.5 MB
Language: English



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Ryogen and Mount Hiei: A Story of Transformation and Survival in Japanese Buddhism In the tenth century, the Tendai School of Japanese Buddhism underwent a remarkable transformation, emerging as the most powerful and influential school of its kind in the medieval period. This transformation was largely due to the efforts of one man, Ryogen, a consummate politician and builder who rose to become the head of the school despite facing numerous challenges and setbacks. Ryogen's journey to success began when he lost his major monastic sponsor at an early age, forcing him to find alternative ways to advance his career with little support. Skilled in debate and performance of Esoteric Buddhist ritual, he formed strategic alliances with powerful lay and monastic figures, which proved crucial to his rise within the Tendai School. In 96, Ryogen was appointed head of the school and served until his death nineteen years later. Despite being vilified at times for his loyalty to his own faction within Tendai at the expense of other groups, Ryogen's activities can be understood within their appropriate historical and institutional context.
Ryogen and Mount Hiei: A Story of Transformation and Survival in Japanese Buddhism В десятом веке школа японского буддизма Тэндай претерпела замечательную трансформацию, став самой мощной и влиятельной школой такого рода в средневековый период. Это преобразование произошло во многом благодаря усилиям одного человека, Риогена, непревзойденного политика и строителя, который поднялся, чтобы стать главой школы, несмотря на то, что столкнулся с многочисленными проблемами и неудачами. Путь Рёгэна к успеху начался, когда он в раннем возрасте потерял своего крупного монастырского спонсора, что вынудило его найти альтернативные способы продвижения своей карьеры с небольшой поддержкой. Будучи опытным в дебатах и исполнении эзотерического буддийского ритуала, он сформировал стратегические союзы с могущественными мирянами и монашескими фигурами, что оказалось решающим для его возвышения в школе Тэндай. В 96 году Рёгэн был назначен главой школы и прослужил до своей смерти девятнадцать лет спустя. Несмотря на то, что его время от времени поносили за верность его собственной фракции внутри Тэндай за счёт других групп, деятельность Рёгэна можно понять в их соответствующем историческом и институциональном контексте.
Ryogen and Mount Hiei : A Story of Transformation and Survival in Japanese Buddhism Au Xe siècle, l'école du bouddhisme japonais de Tendai a subi une transformation remarquable, devenant l'école la plus puissante et la plus influente du genre au cours de la période médiévale. Cette transformation a eu lieu en grande partie grâce aux efforts d'un seul homme, Riogène, un politicien et un bâtisseur incomparable, qui s'est levé pour devenir directeur de l'école, malgré de nombreux problèmes et échecs. chemin vers le succès de Ryogen a commencé quand il a perdu son grand sponsor du monastère à un âge précoce, ce qui l'a contraint à trouver d'autres moyens de faire avancer sa carrière avec peu de soutien. Expérimenté dans le débat et l'exécution du rituel bouddhiste ésotérique, il a formé des alliances stratégiques avec de puissants laïcs et des figures monastiques, ce qui s'est avéré décisif pour son ascension à l'école de Tendai. En 96, il a été nommé directeur de l'école et a servi jusqu'à sa mort dix-neuf ans plus tard. Bien qu'il ait été parfois vilipendé pour la fidélité de sa propre faction à l'intérieur de Tendai aux dépens d'autres groupes, les activités de Ryogen peuvent être comprises dans leur contexte historique et institutionnel respectif.
Ryogen and Mount Hiei: A Story of Transformation and Survival in Japanese Buddhism En el siglo X, la escuela del budismo japonés Tendai sufrió una notable transformación, convirtiéndose en la escuela más poderosa e influyente de su tipo en la medieval período. Esta transformación se produjo en gran parte gracias al esfuerzo de un solo hombre, Riógenes, un inigualable político y constructor que se alzó para convertirse en jefe de escuela a pesar de haber enfrentado numerosos problemas y fracasos. camino de Rögen hacia el éxito comenzó cuando perdió a temprana edad a su principal patrocinador monástico, lo que le obligó a encontrar formas alternativas de avanzar en su carrera con poco apoyo. endo experimentado en el debate y ejecución de un ritual budista esotérico, formó alianzas estratégicas con poderosos laicos y figuras monásticas, lo que resultó decisivo para su elevación en la escuela Tendai. En 96, Rögen fue nombrado jefe de la escuela y sirvió hasta su muerte diecinueve después. A pesar de ser vilipendiado de vez en cuando por ser fiel a su propia facción dentro de Tendai a expensas de otros grupos, las actividades de Rögen pueden entenderse en su contexto histórico e institucional correspondiente.
Ryogen und Mount Hiei: Eine Geschichte der Transformation und des Überlebens im japanischen Buddhismus Im zehnten Jahrhundert erfuhr die Schule des japanischen Buddhismus von Tendai eine bemerkenswerte Transformation und wurde zur mächtigsten und einflussreichsten Schule ihrer Art im Mittelalter. Diese Transformation war zu einem großen Teil auf die Bemühungen eines Mannes zurückzuführen, Riogenes, ein unübertroffener Politiker und Baumeister, der trotz zahlreicher Probleme und Rückschläge zum iter der Schule aufstieg. Roegens Weg zum Erfolg begann, als er früh seinen großen Klostersponsor verlor, was ihn zwang, alternative Wege zu finden, um seine Karriere mit wenig Unterstützung voranzutreiben. Erfahren in der Debatte und Durchführung eines esoterischen buddhistischen Rituals, bildete er strategische Allianzen mit mächtigen Laien und klösterlichen Figuren, die sich als entscheidend für seinen Aufstieg in der Tendai-Schule erwiesen. 96 wurde Roegen zum iter der Schule ernannt und diente bis zu seinem Tod neunzehn Jahre später. Obwohl er gelegentlich für die Loyalität seiner eigenen Fraktion innerhalb von Tendai auf Kosten anderer Gruppen geschmäht wurde, kann Roegens Tätigkeit in ihrem jeweiligen historischen und institutionellen Kontext verstanden werden.
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Ryogen ve Hiei Dağı: Japon Budizminde Bir Dönüşüm ve Hayatta Kalma Hikayesi Onuncu yüzyılda, Japon Budizminin Tendai okulu, ortaçağda türünün en güçlü ve etkili okulu haline gelen kayda değer bir dönüşüm geçirdi. Bu dönüşüm büyük ölçüde bir adamın, Riogen, sayısız sorun ve aksiliklerle karşı karşıya kalmasına rağmen okulun başına geçen mükemmel bir politikacı ve inşaatçının çabalarından kaynaklanıyordu. Ryōgen'in başarıya giden yolu, büyük manastır sponsorunu erken yaşta kaybetmesiyle başladı ve kariyerini çok az destekle ilerletmek için alternatif yollar bulmaya zorladı. Ezoterik Budist ritüelini tartışma ve gerçekleştirme konusunda yetenekli olduğu için, Tendai okulundaki yükselişi için çok önemli olan güçlü laymen ve manastır figürleriyle stratejik ittifaklar kurdu. 96'da Ryōgen okulun başına getirildi ve on dokuz yıl sonra ölene kadar görev yaptı. Zaman zaman diğer gruplar pahasına Tendai içindeki kendi hizipine sadık olduğu için suçlansa da, Ryōgen'in faaliyetleri kendi tarihsel ve kurumsal bağlamlarında anlaşılabilir.
Ryogen and Mount Hiei: A Story of Transformation and Survival in Japanese Buddhism في القرن العاشر، شهدت مدرسة Tendai للبوذية اليابانية تحولًا ملحوظًا، لتصبح أقوى مدرسة من نوعها في العصور الوسطى. يرجع هذا التحول إلى حد كبير إلى جهود رجل واحد، وهو ريوجين، سياسي وباني بارع ترقى ليصبح رئيسًا للمدرسة على الرغم من مواجهة العديد من المشاكل والنكسات. بدأ طريق ريوغن إلى النجاح عندما فقد راعيه الرهباني الرئيسي في سن مبكرة، مما أجبره على إيجاد طرق بديلة للتقدم في حياته المهنية مع القليل من الدعم. كونه ماهرًا في مناقشة وأداء الطقوس البوذية الباطنية، فقد شكل تحالفات استراتيجية مع أشخاص عاديين أقوياء وشخصيات رهبانية، والتي أثبتت أنها حاسمة في صعوده في مدرسة تنداي. في عام 96، تم تعيين ريوغن رئيسًا للمدرسة وخدم حتى وفاته بعد تسعة عشر عامًا. على الرغم من تشويه سمعته أحيانًا لكونه مخلصًا لفصيله داخل تنداي على حساب مجموعات أخرى، يمكن فهم أنشطة ريوغن في سياقاتها التاريخية والمؤسسية.

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