BOOKS - Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law: Criticism of a Legal Paradox
Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law: Criticism of a Legal Paradox - Luis Ortiz Blanco May 3, 2007 PDF  BOOKS
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Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law: Criticism of a Legal Paradox
Author: Luis Ortiz Blanco
Year: May 3, 2007
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 5.0 MB
Language: English



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Book Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Criticism of a Legal Paradox Introduction: The book "Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Criticism of a Legal Paradox" delves into the oldest surviving cartels in the world, known as liner conferences, which have existed since the 1870s and have been granted global recognition with the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments across the globe. These cartels have been able to fix freight rates, control capacity, and share markets, leading to an extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules in the European Union. However, this legal paradox is now being reevaluated, as the European Commission has launched a review of the block exemption and has repealed it in 2006. This book examines the origins, early history, and regulation of liner conferences, focusing on the Regulation that granted the block exemption, and argues that none of the four conditions for a block exemption are fulfilled by shipping cartels. It proposes alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector.
Book Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Criticism of a gal Paradox Введение: Книга «Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Criticism of a gal Paradox» углубляется в древнейшие сохранившиеся картели в мире, известные как liner conferences, которые существуют с 1870-х годов и получили глобальное признание с одобрения или молчаливого согласия правительств по всему миру. Эти картели смогли зафиксировать ставки фрахта, контролировать мощности и рынки акций, что привело к исключительному освобождению блока от антимонопольных правил ЕС в Европейском союзе. Однако этот правовой парадокс сейчас переоценивается, поскольку Еврокомиссия начала пересмотр освобождения от блокировки и отменила его в 2006 году. В этой книге рассматриваются происхождение, ранняя история и регулирование конференций по лайнеру, с акцентом на Регламент, который предоставил освобождение от блокировки, и утверждается, что ни одно из четырех условий для освобождения от блокировки не выполняется транспортными картелями. В нем предлагаются альтернативные сценарии и решения для адекватного исполнения антимонопольного законодательства в морском секторе.
Book Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Criticisme d'un gal Paradox Introduction : Livre « Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Criticisme d'un gal Paradox » les plus anciens cartels survivants du monde, connus sous le nom de liner conferences, qui existent depuis les années 1870 et qui ont été mondialement reconnus avec l'approbation ou le consentement tacite des gouvernements du monde entier. Ces ententes ont permis de fixer les taux de fret, de contrôler les capacités et les marchés d'actions, ce qui a conduit à une exemption exceptionnelle des règles antitrust de l'UE dans l'Union européenne. Toutefois, ce paradoxe juridique est maintenant surestimé puisque la Commission européenne a entamé une révision de l'exemption par catégorie et l'a abrogée en 2006. Ce livre examine les origines, les antécédents et la réglementation des conférences maritimes, en mettant l'accent sur le Règlement qui a accordé l'exemption par catégorie, et affirme qu'aucune des quatre conditions d'exemption par catégorie n'est remplie par les ententes de transport. Il propose d'autres scénarios et solutions pour l'application adéquate de la législation antitrust dans le secteur maritime.
Book Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Criticismo of a gal Paradox Introducción: «Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Crw el iticismo de un gal Paradox» profundiza en los cárteles más antiguos que se conservan en el mundo, conocidos como conferencias de enlace, que existen desde la década de 1870 y han recibido reconocimiento mundial con la aprobación o aquiescencia de gobiernos de todo el mundo. Estos cárteles fueron capaces de fijar los tipos de flete, controlar la capacidad y los mercados de acciones, lo que llevó al bloque a exonerar excepcionalmente de las normas antimonopolio de la UE en la Unión Europea. n embargo, esta paradoja jurídica se está revalorizando ahora, ya que la Comisión Europea comenzó a revisar la exención por bloqueo y la derogó en 2006. Este libro aborda el origen, la historia temprana y la regulación de las conferencias de línea, con énfasis en el Reglamento que concedió la exención por bloqueo, y sostiene que ninguna de las cuatro condiciones para la exención por bloqueo son cumplidas por los cárteles del transporte. Propone escenarios y soluciones alternativas para la adecuada aplicación de la legislación antimonopolio en el sector marítimo.
Book Shipping Conferences under CE Antitrust Law - Criticismo of a gal Paradox Introduzione: Il libro «Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law - Criticismo of a gal Paradox» viene approfondito nelle antiche conferenze conservate cartelli nel mondo, conosciuti come liner conferences, che esistono dal 1870 e sono stati riconosciuti globalmente con l'approvazione o il tacito consenso dei governi in tutto il mondo. Questi cartelli sono stati in grado di fissare i tassi di flat, controllare la capacità e i mercati azionari, che hanno portato a un'eccezionale liberazione del blocco dalle regole antitrust dell'UE nell'Unione europea. Ma questo paradosso giuridico è ora sopravvalutato dal momento che la Commissione europea ha iniziato la revisione dell'esenzione dal blocco e l'ha annullata nel 2006. Questo libro affronta la provenienza, la storia precoce e la regolamentazione delle conferenze sul velivolo, con l'attenzione sul regolamento che ha concesso l'esenzione dal blocco, e sostiene che nessuna delle quattro condizioni per l'esenzione dal blocco vengono eseguite dai cartelli di trasporto. Offre scenari e soluzioni alternative per un'adeguata applicazione della legislazione antitrust nel settore marittimo.
Buch Schiffskonferenzen unter EU-Antitrust-Gesetz - Kritik an einem Rechtsparadox Einleitung: Das Buch „Schiffskonferenzen unter EU-Antitrust-Gesetz - Kritik an einem Rechtsparadox“ vertieft sich in die ältesten erhaltenen Kartelle in der Welt, bekannt als Linerkonferenzen, die seit den 1870er Jahren existieren und mit Zustimmung oder stillschweigender Zustimmung von Regierungen auf der ganzen Welt weltweite Anerkennung gefunden haben. Diese Kartelle waren in der Lage, Frachtraten zu erfassen, Kapazitäten und Aktienmärkte zu kontrollieren, was dazu führte, dass der Block ausnahmsweise vom EU-Kartellrecht in der Europäischen Union befreit wurde. Dieses Rechtsparadoxon wird nun jedoch überschätzt, da die Europäische Kommission eine Überprüfung der Gruppenfreistellung eingeleitet und 2006 aufgehoben hat. Dieses Buch befasst sich mit dem Ursprung, der frühen Geschichte und der Regulierung von Linienkonferenzen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Verordnung liegt, die die Gruppenfreistellung gewährte, und argumentiert, dass keine der vier Bedingungen für die Gruppenfreistellung von den Transportkartellen erfüllt wird. e schlägt alternative Szenarien und Lösungen für eine angemessene Durchsetzung des Kartellrechts im maritimen Bereich vor.
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EC Antitröst Yasası Altında Kitap Nakliye Konferansları - Yasal Bir Paradoksun Eleştirisi Giriş: "EC Antitröst Yasası Uyarınca Denizcilik Konferansları - Yasal Bir Paradoksun Eleştirisi" kitabı, 1870'lerden beri var olan ve dünya çapında hükümetlerin onayı veya zımni onayı ile küresel tanınırlık kazanmış, astar konferansları olarak bilinen, dünyanın en eski hayatta kalan kartellerini ele alıyor. Bu karteller, navlun oranlarını, kontrol kapasitesini ve hisse senedi piyasalarını kilitleyerek bloğun Avrupa Birliği'ndeki AB antitröst kurallarından muaf tutulmasına neden oldu. Ancak, Avrupa Komisyonu 2006 yılında engellemeden muafiyeti revize etmeye başladığı ve iptal ettiği için bu yasal paradoks artık abartılıyor. Bu kitap, tecrit muafiyetini sağlayan Tüzüğe odaklanarak liner konferanslarının kökenlerini, erken tarihini ve düzenlemesini incelemekte ve tecrit muafiyeti için dört koşuldan hiçbirinin ulaşım kartelleri tarafından karşılanmadığını savunmaktadır. Denizcilik sektöründe antitröst yasalarının yeterli şekilde uygulanması için alternatif senaryolar ve çözümler önermektedir.
مؤتمرات شحن الكتب بموجب قانون مكافحة الاحتكار للجماعة الأوروبية - انتقاد مقدمة مفارقة قانونية: يتعمق كتاب «مؤتمرات الشحن بموجب قانون مكافحة الاحتكار في المفوضية الأوروبية - نقد المفارقة القانونية» في أقدم الكارتلات الباقية في العالم، والمعروفة باسم مؤتمرات الخطوط الملاحية المنتظمة، والتي كانت موجودة منذ سبعينيات القرن التاسع عشر واكتسبت اعترافًا عالميًا بموافقة أو موافقة ضمنية من الحكومات حول العالم. تمكنت هذه الكارتلات من تأمين أسعار الشحن والقدرة على التحكم وأسواق الأسهم، مما أدى إلى إعفاء الكتلة الحصري من قواعد الاتحاد الأوروبي لمكافحة الاحتكار في الاتحاد الأوروبي. ومع ذلك، فإن هذه المفارقة القانونية مبالغ فيها الآن، حيث بدأت المفوضية الأوروبية في مراجعة الإعفاء من الحظر وألغته في عام 2006. يبحث هذا الكتاب في أصول مؤتمرات الخطوط الملاحية المنتظمة وتاريخها المبكر وتنظيمها، مع التركيز على اللائحة التي منحت إعفاء الإغلاق، ويجادل بأنه لا يتم استيفاء أي من الشروط الأربعة لإعفاء الإغلاق من قبل كارتلات النقل. ويقترح سيناريوهات وحلولاً بديلة لإنفاذ قوانين مكافحة الاحتكار في القطاع البحري إنفاذاً كافياً.

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