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The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and Legal Norms, from Flying Fortresses to Drones - Matthew Evangelista July 11, 2014 PDF  BOOKS
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The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and Legal Norms, from Flying Fortresses to Drones
Author: Matthew Evangelista
Year: July 11, 2014
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.1 MB
Language: English



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The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and Legal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Introduction: Aerial bombardment has been an essential component of military strategy for over a century, with its significance evolving alongside technological advancements and shifting geopolitical landscapes. From deliberate attacks against rebellious villagers in the Middle East to scrupulous efforts to avoid collateral damage in contemporary counterinsurgency and antiterrorist wars, the ethical and legal norms governing air warfare have undergone profound transformations. The American Way of Bombing delves into the evolution of these norms, focusing primarily on the United States - the world's preeminent military power and most frequent user of air power - and how its practices have influenced the domain. This book examines topics such as firebombing cities during World War II, atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, and other countries, and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveillance and attacks on suspected terrorists. Chapter 1: Firebombing Cities The first chapter explores the development of aerial bombing during World War II, particularly the firebombing of cities like Tokyo, Dresden, and London. These attacks resulted in massive civilian casualties and sparked debates about the morality and legality of such tactics. The authors examine how these events shaped the ethical and legal landscape of modern air warfare, laying the groundwork for future conflicts.
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Introduction: Aerial bombardment has been an essential component of military strategy for over the century, with its importance evoluting technological advances and shifing geopolitical scape. От преднамеренных нападений на мятежных сельских жителей на Ближнем Востоке до скрупулезных усилий по предотвращению сопутствующего ущерба в современных контрповстанческих и антитеррористических войнах, этические и правовые нормы, регулирующие воздушную войну, претерпели глубокие преобразования. Американский способ бомбардировки углубляется в эволюцию этих норм, фокусируясь в первую очередь на Соединенных Штатах - выдающейся военной мощи мира и наиболее частом использовании воздушной мощи - и на том, как ее практика повлияла на эту область. В этой книге рассматриваются такие темы, как обстрелы городов во время Второй мировой войны, атомные атаки на Хиросиму и Нагасаки, удары беспилотников в Пакистане, Йемене, Сомали и других странах, а также использование беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) для слежки и атак на предполагаемых террористов. Глава 1: Firebombing Cities В первой главе рассматривается развитие воздушных бомбардировок во время Второй мировой войны, в частности, бомбардировки таких городов, как Токио, Дрезден и Лондон. Эти атаки привели к массовым жертвам среди гражданского населения и вызвали дебаты о морали и законности такой тактики. Авторы рассматривают, как эти события сформировали этический и правовой ландшафт современной воздушной войны, заложив основу для будущих конфликтов.
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Introduction: Aerial bombardment has been an essential component of military strategy for over the century, with its importance evoluting technological advances and shifing geopolitical scape. Depuis les attaques délibérées contre les populations rurales rebelles du Moyen-Orient jusqu'aux efforts scrupuleux visant à prévenir les dommages collatéraux dans les guerres modernes de contre-insurrection et de lutte contre le terrorisme, les normes éthiques et juridiques régissant la guerre aérienne ont subi une profonde transformation. mode de bombardement américain s'inscrit dans l'évolution de ces normes, en se concentrant principalement sur les États-Unis - la puissance militaire exceptionnelle du monde et l'utilisation la plus fréquente de la puissance aérienne - et sur la façon dont ses pratiques ont influencé ce domaine. Ce livre traite de sujets tels que les bombardements urbains pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les attaques atomiques contre Hiroshima et Nagasaki, les frappes de drones au Pakistan, au Yémen, en Somalie et ailleurs, ainsi que l'utilisation de drones pour la surveillance et les attaques contre des terroristes présumés. Chapitre 1 : Firebombing Cities premier chapitre traite du développement des bombardements aériens pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en particulier le bombardement de villes comme Tokyo, Dresde et Londres. Ces attaques ont fait des victimes civiles massives et suscité un débat sur la moralité et la légalité de ces tactiques. s auteurs examinent comment ces événements ont façonné le paysage éthique et juridique de la guerre aérienne moderne, jetant les bases de conflits futurs.
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Introduction: Aerial bombardment has been an essential component of military strategy for over the century, with its importance evoluting technological advances and shifing geopolitical scape. Desde los ataques deliberados contra la población rural rebelde en el Oriente Medio hasta los escrupulosos esfuerzos por evitar d colaterales en las guerras antiterroristas y antiterroristas contemporáneas, las normas éticas y jurídicas que rigen la guerra aérea han sufrido profundas transformaciones. La forma estadounidense de bombardear se adentra en la evolución de estas normas, centrándose principalmente en Estados Unidos - el poder militar sobresaliente del mundo y el uso más frecuente del poder aéreo - y en cómo su práctica ha influido en esta área. Este libro aborda temas como el bombardeo de ciudades durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los ataques atómicos contra Hiroshima y Nagasaki, los ataques con drones en Pakistán, Yemen, Somalia y otros países, y el uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) para espiar y atacar a presuntos terroristas. Capítulo 1: Ciudades de Fuego primer capítulo aborda el desarrollo de los bombardeos aéreos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, en particular el bombardeo de ciudades como Tokio, Dresde y Londres. Estos ataques causaron bajas masivas entre la población civil y generaron un debate sobre la moralidad y legalidad de tales tácticas. autores ven cómo estos acontecimientos han formado el panorama ético y jurídico de la guerra aérea moderna, sentando las bases para futuros conflictos.
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Introduction: Aerial bombardment has been an essential component of military strategy for over the century, with its importance evoluting technological advances and shifing geopolitical scape. Desde os ataques deliberados contra os aldeões rebeldes no Oriente Médio até os esforços escrupulosos para evitar danos colaterais nas guerras contrarrelógio e antiterrorismo de hoje, as normas éticas e legais que regem a guerra aérea sofreram profundas transformações. A forma de bombardear dos EUA está se aprofundando na evolução dessas normas, focando principalmente nos Estados Unidos - o notável poder militar do mundo e o uso mais frequente do poder aéreo - e na forma como a sua prática afetou a área. Este livro aborda temas como bombardeios de cidades durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, ataques atômicos contra Hiroshima e Nagasaki, ataques com drones no Paquistão, Iêmen, Somália e outros países, e o uso de aviões não tripulados para monitorar e atacar supostos terroristas. Capítulo 1: Firebombing Cities O primeiro capítulo aborda a evolução dos bombardeios aéreos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, especialmente os bombardeios em cidades como Tóquio, Dresden e Londres. Estes ataques provocaram muitas vítimas civis e provocaram um debate sobre a moralidade e legitimidade dessas táticas. Os autores veem como estes acontecimentos moldaram a paisagem ética e jurídica da guerra aérea moderna, estabelecendo as bases para conflitos futuros.
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Introduction: Aerial bombardment has been an essential component of military strategy for over the century, with its importance evoluting technological advances and shifing geopolitical scape. Dagli attacchi intenzionali contro le campagne ribelli in Medio Oriente agli sforzi scrupolosi per prevenire i danni collaterali nelle guerre contrapposte e antiterrorismo di oggi, le norme etiche e legali che regolano la guerra aerea hanno subito profonde trasformazioni. Il metodo americano di bombardamento si sta approfondendo nell'evoluzione di queste norme, focalizzandosi principalmente sugli Stati Uniti - la straordinaria potenza militare del mondo e l'uso più frequente della potenza aerea - e sul modo in cui la sua pratica ha influenzato l'area. Questo libro affronta temi come i bombardamenti urbani durante la seconda guerra mondiale, gli attacchi atomici contro Hiroshima e Nagasaki, gli attacchi con droni in Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia e in altri paesi, e l'uso di droni per monitorare e attaccare presunti terroristi. Capitolo 1: Firebombing Cities Il primo capitolo affronta l'evoluzione dei bombardamenti aerei durante la seconda guerra mondiale, in particolare i bombardamenti in città come Tokyo, Dresda e Londra. Questi attacchi hanno causato massicce vittime civili e hanno suscitato un dibattito sulla moralità e la legittimità di tali tattiche. Gli autori considerano come questi eventi abbiano creato il panorama etico e giuridico della guerra aerea moderna, ponendo le basi per futuri conflitti.
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Introduction: Aerial bombardment has been an essential component of military strategy for over the century, with its importance evoluting technological advances and shifing geopolitical scape. Von vorsätzlichen Angriffen auf rebellische Dorfbewohner im Nahen Osten bis hin zu akribischen Bemühungen, Kollateralschäden in modernen Aufstandsbekämpfungs- und Antiterrorkriegen zu verhindern, haben die ethischen und rechtlichen Normen für den Luftkrieg tiefgreifende Veränderungen erfahren. Die amerikanische Art des Bombardements vertieft sich in die Entwicklung dieser Normen und konzentriert sich in erster Linie auf die Vereinigten Staaten - die herausragende militärische Macht der Welt und den häufigsten Einsatz von Luftmacht - und wie ihre Praktiken dieses Gebiet beeinflusst haben. Dieses Buch behandelt Themen wie den Beschuss von Städten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs, die Atomangriffe auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki, Drohnenangriffe in Pakistan, Jemen, Somalia und anderen Ländern sowie den Einsatz von Drohnen (UAVs) zur Überwachung und Angriffe auf mutmaßliche Terroristen. Kapitel 1: Firebombing Cities Das erste Kapitel befasst sich mit der Entwicklung der Luftangriffe im Zweiten Weltkrieg, insbesondere mit der Bombardierung von Städten wie Tokio, Dresden und London. Diese Angriffe führten zu massiven zivilen Opfern und lösten eine Debatte über die Moral und Rechtmäßigkeit solcher Taktiken aus. Die Autoren untersuchen, wie diese Ereignisse die ethische und rechtliche Landschaft der modernen Luftkriegsführung prägten und die Grundlage für zukünftige Konflikte legten.
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortress to Worth Introduction: הפצצה אווירית הייתה מרכיב חיוני באסטרטגיה צבאית במשך המאה שעברה, עם חשיבותה בהתפתחות טכנולוגית ושינויי סקייפ. החל בהתקפות מכוונות על כפריים מרדנים במזרח התיכון וכלה במאמצים קפדניים למנוע נזקים סביבתיים במלחמות נגד טרור מודרניות, החוקים האתיים והמשפטיים של לוחמה אווירית עברו שינוי עמוק. הדרך האמריקאית להפציץ מתעמקת בהתפתחות הנורמות הללו, ומתמקדת בעיקר בארצות ־ הברית - המעצמה הצבאית הבולטת בעולם ובשימוש הנפוץ ביותר בכוח אווירי - וכיצד משפיעים מנהגיה על השדה. ספר זה בוחן נושאים כמו הפגזות על ערים במהלך מלחמת העולם השנייה, התקפות אטומיות על הירושימה ונגסאקי, תקיפות מזל "טים בפקיסטן, תימן, סומליה ומדינות אחרות, ושימוש בכלי רכב אוויריים בלתי מאוישים (UAVS) כדי לרגל אחר טרוריסטים חשודים. פרק 1: Firebombing Cities הפרק הראשון בוחן את התפתחות ההפצצות האוויריות במהלך מלחמת העולם השנייה, במיוחד את ההפצצות על ערים כגון טוקיו, דרזדן ולונדון. התקפות אלו גרמו לפגיעה מסיבית באזרחים ועוררו ויכוח על המוסריות והחוקיות של טקטיקות אלה. המחברים רואים כיצד אירועים אלה עיצבו את הנוף האתי והחוקי של לוחמה אווירית מודרנית, והניחו את היסודות לסכסוכים עתידיים.''
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Giriş: Hava bombardımanı, teknolojik ilerlemeleri geliştiren ve jeopolitik tehlikeleri değiştiren önemiyle, yüzyıl boyunca askeri stratejinin önemli bir bileşeni olmuştur. Orta Doğu'daki isyancı köylülere yönelik kasıtlı saldırılardan, modern kontrgerilla ve terörle mücadele savaşlarında ikincil hasarı önlemeye yönelik titiz çabalara kadar, hava savaşını yöneten etik ve yasal kurallar derin bir dönüşüm geçirdi. Amerikan bombardımanının yolu, öncelikle ABD'ye - dünyanın önde gelen askeri gücü ve hava gücünün en sık kullanımı - ve uygulamalarının alanı nasıl etkilediğine odaklanarak bu normların evrimine giriyor. Bu kitap, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında şehirlerin bombalanması, Hiroşima ve Nagazaki'ye atom saldırıları, Pakistan, Yemen, Somali ve diğer ülkelerdeki drone saldırıları ve şüpheli teröristleri gözetlemek ve saldırmak için insansız hava araçlarının (İHA) kullanılması gibi konuları incelemektedir. Bölüm 1: Firebombing Cities Birinci bölüm, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında hava bombardımanının gelişimini, özellikle de Tokyo, Dresden ve Londra gibi şehirlerin bombalanmasını inceler. Bu saldırılar büyük sivil kayıplarla sonuçlandı ve bu tür taktiklerin ahlakı ve yasallığı hakkında bir tartışma başlattı. Yazarlar, bu olayların modern hava savaşının etik ve yasal manzarasını nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve gelecekteki çatışmalar için zemin hazırladığını düşünüyor.
الطريقة الأمريكية للقصف: تغيير المعايير الأخلاقية والقانونية من الحصون الطائرة إلى الطائرات بدون طيار مقدمة: كان القصف الجوي مكونًا أساسيًا للاستراتيجية العسكرية لأكثر من قرن، مع أهميته في تطوير التقدم التكنولوجي وتحويل المشهد الجيوسياسي. من الهجمات المتعمدة على القرويين المتمردين في الشرق الأوسط إلى الجهود الدقيقة لمنع الأضرار الجانبية في حروب مكافحة التمرد والإرهاب الحديثة، شهدت القواعد الأخلاقية والقانونية التي تحكم الحرب الجوية تحولًا عميقًا. تتعمق الطريقة الأمريكية للقصف في تطور هذه المعايير، مع التركيز بشكل أساسي على الولايات المتحدة - القوة العسكرية البارزة في العالم والاستخدام الأكثر شيوعًا للقوة الجوية - وكيف أثرت ممارساتها على الميدان. يتناول هذا الكتاب مواضيع مثل قصف المدن خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، والهجمات الذرية على هيروشيما وناغازاكي، وضربات الطائرات بدون طيار في باكستان واليمن والصومال ودول أخرى، واستخدام الطائرات بدون طيار (UAVs) للتجسس على الإرهابيين المشتبه بهم ومهاجمتهم. الفصل 1: مدن القنابل الحارقة يبحث الفصل الأول في تطور القصف الجوي خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، ولا سيما قصف مدن مثل طوكيو ودريسدن ولندن. وأسفرت هذه الهجمات عن خسائر فادحة في صفوف المدنيين وأثارت جدلا حول أخلاقيات ومشروعية هذه التكتيكات. ينظر المؤلفون في كيفية تشكيل هذه الأحداث للمشهد الأخلاقي والقانوني للحرب الجوية الحديثة، مما أرسى الأساس للصراعات المستقبلية.
미국 폭격의 방식: 윤리적 및 법적 규범을 비행 요새에서 드론 소개로 변경: 공중 폭격은 기술 발전을 진화시키고 지정 학적 경관을 흐리게하는 것이 중요하면서 세기 이상 군사 전략의 필수 요소였습니다. 중동의 반항적 인 마을 사람들에 대한 고의적 인 공격에서부터 현대의 반란군과 반테러 전쟁에서 담보 피해를 막기위한 철저한 노력에 이르기까지 항공 전쟁에 관한 윤리적, 법적 규칙은 심오한 변화를 겪었습니다. 미국의 폭격 방식은 주로 세계의 탁월한 군사력과 가장 빈번한 공군 사용 인 미국과 그 관행이 현장에 미치는 영향에 중점을 둔 이러한 규범의 진화를 탐구합니다. 이 책은 제 2 차 세계 대전 중 도시 포격, 히로시마와 나가사키에 대한 원자 공격, 파키스탄, 예멘, 소말리아 및 기타 국가에서의 드론 공격, 의심되는 테러리스트를 감시하고 공격하기위한 무인 항공기 (UAV) 사용과 같은 주제를 조사합니다. 1 장: 폭격 도시 첫 번째 장은 제 2 차 세계 대전 중 공중 폭격의 발전, 특히 도쿄, 드레스덴 및 런던과 같은 도시의 폭격을 조사합니다. 이러한 공격으로 대규모 민간인 사상자가 발생했으며 그러한 전술의 도덕성과 합법성에 대한 논쟁이 일어났 저자들은 이러한 사건들이 어떻게 현대 항공전의 윤리적, 법적 환경을 형성하여 미래의 갈등의 토대를 마련했는지 고려합니다.
The American Way of Bombing: Changing Ethical and gal Norms from Flying Fortresses to Drones Introduction: Aerial bombardment has been an essential component of military strategy for over the century, with its importance evoluting technological advances and shifing geopolitical scape.從蓄意襲擊中東叛亂的農村居民到為防止當代反叛和反恐戰爭中的附帶損害而作出的努力,管理空戰的道德和法律規範發生了深刻的變化。美國的轟炸方式深入研究了這些規範的演變,主要集中在美國世界上傑出的軍事力量和最頻繁地使用空中力量及其做法如何影響這一領域。本書探討的主題包括第二次世界大戰期間對城市的炮擊,對廣島和長崎的原子彈襲擊,巴基斯坦,也門,索馬裏和其他國家的無人機襲擊,以及使用無人駕駛飛機(UAV)監視和攻擊涉嫌恐怖分子。第一章:消防城市第一章回顧第二次世界大戰期間空中轟炸的發展,特別是轟炸東京、德累斯頓和倫敦等城市。這些襲擊導致平民傷亡,並引發了關於這種戰術的道德和合法性的辯論。作者研究了這些事件如何塑造了現代空戰的道德和法律格局,為未來的沖突奠定了基礎。

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