BOOKS - Social Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement, 1885-1897
Social Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement, 1885-1897 - Richard Pipes January 1, 1963 PDF  BOOKS
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Social Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement, 1885-1897
Author: Richard Pipes
Year: January 1, 1963
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 4.2 MB
Language: English



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Kort. The book "Social Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement, 1885-1897" by Michael G. Kort provides a comprehensive overview of the development of social democracy and labor movements in St. Petersburg, Russia during the late 19th century. The book explores the historical context of the time, highlighting the challenges faced by workers and their struggles for rights and representation. It delves into the various aspects of the labor movement, including the formation of trade unions, strikes, and demonstrations, and examines how these events shaped the political landscape of the region. The book begins by discussing the socio-economic conditions that led to the rise of the labor movement in St. Petersburg, focusing on the growth of industry and urbanization, which created new social classes and widened the gap between rich and poor. The author then delves into the early years of the movement, describing the formation of the first trade unions and the role of intellectuals in shaping the ideology of social democracy. As the movement gained momentum, the book examines the response of the government and the ruling elite, who sought to suppress the growing dissent through repressive measures such as police brutality and censorship.
Kort. В книге «Социал-демократия и Санкт-Петербургское рабочее движение, 1885 - 1897» Майкла Г. Корта представлен всесторонний обзор развития социал-демократии и рабочих движений в Санкт-Петербурге, Россия в течение конца XIX века. Книга исследует исторический контекст того времени, освещая проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются работники, и их борьбу за права и представительство. Он углубляется в различные аспекты рабочего движения, включая создание профсоюзов, забастовки и демонстрации, и исследует, как эти события сформировали политический ландшафт региона. Книга начинается с обсуждения социально-экономических условий, которые привели к подъёму рабочего движения в Санкт-Петербурге, акцентируя внимание на росте промышленности и урбанизации, что создало новые социальные классы и увеличило разрыв между богатыми и бедными. Затем автор углубляется в ранние годы движения, описывая становление первых профсоюзов и роль интеллектуалов в формировании идеологии социал-демократии. По мере того, как движение набирало обороты, в книге рассматривается реакция правительства и правящей элиты, которые стремились подавить растущее инакомыслие с помощью репрессивных мер, таких как жестокость полиции и цензура.
Kort. livre « La social-démocratie et le mouvement ouvrier de Saint-Pétersbourg, 1885 - 1897 » de Michael G. Court présente un aperçu complet du développement de la social-démocratie et des mouvements ouvriers à Saint-Pétersbourg, en Russie, au cours de la fin du XIXe siècle. livre explore le contexte historique de l'époque en mettant en lumière les défis auxquels sont confrontés les travailleurs et leurs luttes pour les droits et la représentation. Il explore les différents aspects du mouvement ouvrier, y compris la création de syndicats, les grèves et les manifestations, et explore comment ces événements ont façonné le paysage politique de la région. livre commence par un débat sur les conditions socioéconomiques qui ont conduit à la montée du mouvement ouvrier à Saint-Pétersbourg, en mettant l'accent sur la croissance de l'industrie et l'urbanisation, qui ont créé de nouvelles classes sociales et creusé le fossé entre les riches et les pauvres. L'auteur approfondit ensuite les premières années du mouvement, décrivant la formation des premiers syndicats et le rôle des intellectuels dans la formation de l'idéologie de la social-démocratie. Au fur et à mesure que le mouvement prend de l'ampleur, le livre passe en revue la réaction du gouvernement et des élites au pouvoir qui ont cherché à étouffer la dissidence croissante par des mesures répressives telles que la brutalité policière et la censure.
Kort. libro «La socialdemocracia y el Movimiento Obrero de San Petersburgo, 1885-1897», de Michael G. Corte, presenta una visión general completa del desarrollo de la socialdemocracia y los movimientos obreros en San Petersburgo, Rusia durante el final del siglo XIX. libro explora el contexto histórico de la época, destacando los problemas que enfrentaban los trabajadores y su lucha por los derechos y la representación. Profundiza en diversos aspectos del movimiento obrero, entre ellos la creación de sindicatos, huelgas y manifestaciones, y explora cómo estos hechos han conformado el panorama político de la región. libro comienza discutiendo las condiciones socioeconómicas que llevaron al auge del movimiento obrero en San Petersburgo, centrándose en el crecimiento de la industria y la urbanización, que creó nuevas clases sociales y amplió la brecha entre ricos y pobres. autor profundiza entonces en los primeros del movimiento, describiendo la formación de los primeros sindicatos y el papel de los intelectuales en la formación de la ideología de la socialdemocracia. A medida que el movimiento ganaba impulso, el libro examina la respuesta del gobierno y la élite gobernante, que buscaban reprimir la creciente disidencia a través de medidas represivas como la brutalidad policial y la censura.
Kort. Il libro «La socialdemocrazia e il movimento operaio di San Pietroburgo, 1885-1897» di Michael G. Kort fornisce una panoramica completa dell'evoluzione della socialdemocrazia e dei movimenti operai a San Pietroburgo, Russia, durante la fine del XIX secolo. Il libro esplora il contesto storico dell'epoca, mettendo in luce i problemi che i lavoratori affrontano e la loro lotta per i diritti e la rappresentanza. sta approfondendo in diversi aspetti del movimento operaio, tra cui la creazione di sindacati, scioperi e manifestazioni, e sta esplorando come questi sviluppi abbiano creato il panorama politico della regione. Il libro inizia con un dibattito sulle condizioni socio-economiche che hanno portato alla crescita del movimento operaio a San Pietroburgo, ponendo l'accento sulla crescita industriale e l'urbanizzazione, creando nuove classi sociali e aumentando il divario tra ricchi e poveri. Poi l'autore si approfondisce nei primi anni del movimento, descrivendo l'evoluzione dei primi sindacati e il ruolo degli intellettuali nella formazione dell'ideologia socialdemocratica. Mentre il movimento cresceva, il libro affronta le reazioni del governo e delle élite al potere, che cercavano di sopprimere il crescente dissenso con misure repressive, come la brutalità della polizia e la censura.
Kort. Das Buch „Sozialdemokratie und die St. Petersburger Arbeiterbewegung, 1885-1897“ von Michael G. Kort gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die Entwicklung der Sozialdemokratie und der Arbeiterbewegungen in St. Petersburg, Russland während des späten 19. Jahrhunderts. Das Buch untersucht den historischen Kontext dieser Zeit und beleuchtet die Probleme, mit denen Arbeitnehmer konfrontiert sind, und ihre Kämpfe für Rechte und Vertretung. Es befasst sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten der Arbeiterbewegung, einschließlich der Gründung von Gewerkschaften, Streiks und Demonstrationen, und untersucht, wie diese Ereignisse die politische Landschaft der Region geprägt haben. Das Buch beginnt mit einer Diskussion der sozioökonomischen Bedingungen, die zum Aufstieg der Arbeiterbewegung in St. Petersburg geführt haben, und konzentriert sich auf das Wachstum der Industrie und die Urbanisierung, die neue soziale Klassen geschaffen und die Kluft zwischen Arm und Reich vergrößert hat. Der Autor taucht dann in die frühen Jahre der Bewegung ein und beschreibt die Entstehung der ersten Gewerkschaften und die Rolle der Intellektuellen bei der Gestaltung der Ideologie der Sozialdemokratie. Als die Bewegung an Fahrt gewann, untersucht das Buch die Reaktion der Regierung und der herrschenden Elite, die versuchten, den wachsenden Dissens durch repressive Maßnahmen wie Polizeibrutalität und Zensur zu unterdrücken.
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Kort. Michael G. Kort'un "Social Democracy and the St. Petersburg Labor Movement, 1885-1897" (Sosyal Demokrasi ve St. Petersburg İşçi Hareketi) adlı kitabı, 19. yüzyılın sonlarında Rusya'nın St. Petersburg kentinde sosyal demokrasinin ve işçi hareketlerinin gelişimine kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunmaktadır. Kitap, zamanın tarihsel bağlamını araştırıyor, işçilerin karşılaştığı zorlukları ve hak ve temsil mücadelelerini vurguluyor. Sendikalaşma, grevler ve gösteriler de dahil olmak üzere işçi hareketinin çeşitli yönlerini araştırıyor ve bu olayların bölgenin siyasi manzarasını nasıl şekillendirdiğini araştırıyor. Kitap, St. Petersburg'daki işçi hareketinin yükselişine yol açan sosyo-ekonomik koşulları tartışarak, yeni sosyal sınıflar yaratan ve zengin ile fakir arasındaki uçurumu genişleten sanayi ve kentleşmenin büyümesine odaklanarak başlıyor. Yazar daha sonra hareketin ilk yıllarına giriyor, ilk sendikaların oluşumunu ve entelektüellerin sosyal demokrasi ideolojisini şekillendirmedeki rolünü anlatıyor. Hareket ivme kazandıkça, kitap, artan muhalefeti polis şiddeti ve sansür gibi baskıcı önlemlerle bastırmaya çalışan hükümetin ve egemen seçkinlerin tepkisine bakıyor.
Kort.邁克爾·科特(Michael G. Court)的著作《社會民主與聖彼得堡工人運動,1885-1897》全面回顧了19世紀後期俄羅斯聖彼得堡社會民主和工人運動的發展。該書探討了當時的歷史背景,突出了工人面臨的挑戰以及他們爭取權利和代表的鬥爭。它深入研究了工人運動的各個方面,包括工會的建立,罷工和示威,並探討了這些事件如何塑造了該地區的政治格局。該書首先討論了導致聖彼得堡工人運動興起的社會經濟狀況,重點是工業的發展和城市化,從而創造了新的社會階層並擴大了貧富差距。然後,作者深入研究了該運動的早期,描述了第一個工會的形成以及知識分子在塑造社會民主意識形態中的作用。隨著運動的勢頭,該書考察了政府和統治精英的反應,他們試圖通過警察暴行和審查制度等鎮壓措施來壓制日益增長的異議。

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