BOOKS - People and Woods in Scotland: A History
People and Woods in Scotland: A History - T.C. Smout November 18, 2002 PDF  BOOKS
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People and Woods in Scotland: A History
Author: T.C. Smout
Year: November 18, 2002
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 284 MB
Language: English



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People and Woods in Scotland: A History Scotland, a land of rugged beauty and diverse wildlife, has a rich history that spans over 11000 years. From the last ice age to the present day, the relationship between its people and woods has evolved, shaped by technology, human needs, and environmental changes. This book delves into the intricate connection between the Scots and their natural surroundings, exploring the history of Scotland's trees, woodlands, and forests. Beginning 1500 years ago, when the ice sheet melted and trees such as hazel, pine, ash, and oak returned, bringing with them the first birds and mammals, and eventually, the first hunter-gathering humans. Over the centuries, the use of trees and woods has transformed, from providing shelter and resources for early inhabitants to becoming a vital part of Scottish culture and identity. The book charts the almost complete withdrawal of tree cover in Scotland over the following millennia, considers the revival of forests and woodlands in the twentieth century, and examines the changes underway today.
People and Woods in Scotland: A History Шотландия, страна суровой красоты и разнообразной дикой природы, имеет богатую историю, которая охватывает более 11000 лет. От последнего ледникового периода до наших дней отношения между его людьми и лесами развивались под влиянием технологий, потребностей человека и изменений окружающей среды. Эта книга углубляется в запутанную связь между шотландцами и их природным окружением, исследуя историю деревьев, лесных массивов и лесов Шотландии. Начиная с 1500 лет назад, когда растаял ледяной покров и вернулись такие деревья, как орешник, сосна, ясень и дуб, принося с собой первых птиц и млекопитающих, и, в конце концов, первых охотников-собирателей людей. На протяжении веков использование деревьев и лесов трансформировалось, от предоставления жилья и ресурсов для ранних жителей до превращения в жизненно важную часть шотландской культуры и идентичности. Книга описывает почти полное изъятие древесного покрова в Шотландии в течение следующих тысячелетий, рассматривает возрождение лесов и лесных массивов в двадцатом веке и рассматривает изменения, происходящие сегодня.
People and Woods in Scotland : A History L'Écosse, un pays d'une beauté rigoureuse et d'une faune variée, a une histoire riche qui couvre plus de 11000 ans. Depuis la dernière ère glaciaire jusqu'à nos jours, les relations entre l'homme et la forêt ont évolué sous l'influence de la technologie, des besoins humains et des changements environnementaux. Ce livre approfondit le lien confus entre les Écossais et leur environnement naturel en explorant l'histoire des arbres, des forêts et des forêts d'Écosse. Il y a 1500 ans, lorsque la couche de glace a fondu et que des arbres comme la noix, le pin, le frêne et le chêne sont revenus, apportant avec eux les premiers oiseaux et mammifères, et finalement les premiers chasseurs-cueilleurs humains. Au fil des siècles, l'utilisation des arbres et des forêts s'est transformée, allant de la fourniture de logements et de ressources aux premiers habitants à la transformation en une partie vitale de la culture et de l'identité écossaises. livre décrit l'élimination quasi totale du couvert forestier en Écosse au cours des prochains millénaires, examine la renaissance des forêts et des forêts au XXe siècle et examine les changements qui se produisent aujourd'hui.
People and Woods in Scotland: A History Escocia, un país de dura belleza y variada vida silvestre, tiene una rica historia que abarca más de 11.000 . Desde la última Edad de Hielo hasta la actualidad, las relaciones entre sus seres humanos y los bosques se han desarrollado bajo la influencia de la tecnología, las necesidades humanas y los cambios ambientales. Este libro profundiza en la confusa conexión entre los escoceses y su entorno natural, explorando la historia de los árboles, las zonas boscosas y los bosques de Escocia. A partir de hace 1.500 , cuando se derritió la capa de hielo y regresaron árboles como el avellano, el pino, el fresno y el roble, trayendo consigo las primeras aves y mamíferos, y, al final, los primeros cazadores-recolectores humanos. A lo largo de los siglos, el uso de árboles y bosques se ha transformado, desde proporcionar alojamiento y recursos a los primeros habitantes hasta convertirse en una parte vital de la cultura e identidad escocesas. libro describe la retirada casi total de la cubierta arbórea en Escocia durante los próximos milenios, examina el resurgimiento de los bosques y las zonas boscosas en el siglo XX y examina los cambios que están ocurriendo en la actualidad.
People and Woods in Scotland: A History Escócia, um país de beleza dura e vida selvagem variada, tem uma história rica que dura mais de 11.000 anos. Desde a última Era do Gelo até hoje, as relações entre os seus homens e as suas florestas foram impulsionadas pela tecnologia, pelas necessidades humanas e pelas mudanças ambientais. Este livro aprofundou-se na confusa ligação entre os escoceses e seus ambientes naturais, explorando a história das árvores, matrizes florestais e florestas da Escócia. A partir de 1500 anos atrás, quando a cobertura de gelo se derreteu e árvores como a noz, o pinheiro, a luz e o carvalho voltaram, trazendo os primeiros pássaros e mamíferos, e, finalmente, os primeiros caçadores e coletores humanos. Ao longo dos séculos, o uso de árvores e florestas se transformou, desde a oferta de habitação e recursos para os primeiros habitantes até a transformação em uma parte vital da cultura e identidade escocesas. O livro descreve a remoção quase completa da cobertura de madeira na Escócia nos próximos milênios, aborda o ressurgimento das florestas e matrizes florestais no século XX e aborda as mudanças em curso.
People and Woods in Scotland: A History Scozia, un paese di bellezza severa e varia fauna selvatica, ha una storia ricca di oltre 11.000 anni. Dall'ultima era glaciale ad oggi, le relazioni tra i suoi uomini e le sue foreste sono state influenzate dalla tecnologia, dai bisogni umani e dai cambiamenti ambientali. Questo libro approfondisce il legame confuso tra gli scozzesi e il loro ambiente naturale, esplorando la storia degli alberi, delle foreste e delle foreste della Scozia. A partire da 1500 anni fa, quando si sciolse la copertura del ghiaccio e tornarono alberi come la nocciola, il pino, il lucido e la quercia, portando con sé i primi uccelli e mammiferi, e alla fine i primi cacciatori-raccoglitori umani. Nel corso dei secoli, l'uso di alberi e foreste si è trasformato, dalla fornitura di alloggi e risorse per i primi abitanti alla trasformazione in una parte vitale della cultura e dell'identità scozzesi. Il libro descrive la quasi totalità del prelievo di legname in Scozia nei prossimi millenni, affronta la rinascita delle foreste e delle foreste nel ventesimo secolo e considera i cambiamenti che stanno avvenendo oggi.
Menschen und Wälder in Schottland: Eine Geschichte Schottland, ein Land von rauer Schönheit und vielfältiger Tierwelt, hat eine reiche Geschichte, die mehr als 11.000 Jahre umfasst. Von der letzten Eiszeit bis heute hat sich die Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Wald unter dem Einfluss von Technologie, menschlichen Bedürfnissen und Umweltveränderungen entwickelt. Dieses Buch taucht in die verworrene Verbindung zwischen den Schotten und ihrer natürlichen Umgebung ein und untersucht die Geschichte der Bäume, Wälder und Wälder Schottlands. Beginnend vor 1500 Jahren, als die Eisdecke schmolz und Bäume wie Hasel, Kiefer, Esche und Eiche zurückkehrten und die ersten Vögel und Säugetiere und schließlich die ersten Jäger und Sammler von Menschen mitbrachten. Im Laufe der Jahrhunderte hat sich die Nutzung von Bäumen und Wäldern verändert, von der Bereitstellung von Wohnraum und Ressourcen für die frühen Bewohner bis hin zur Umwandlung in einen wichtigen Teil der schottischen Kultur und Identität. Das Buch beschreibt die fast vollständige Entfernung der Baumbedeckung in Schottland in den nächsten Jahrtausenden, untersucht die Wiedergeburt von Wäldern und Waldgebieten im zwanzigsten Jahrhundert und untersucht die Veränderungen, die heute stattfinden.
אנשים ויערות בסקוטלנד: להיסטוריה של סקוטלנד, ארץ של יופי מחוספס וחיות בר מגוונות, יש היסטוריה עשירה המשתרעת על פני יותר מ- 11 000 שנים. מעידן הקרח האחרון ועד ימינו, היחסים בין אנשיה ויערות התפתחו בהשפעת הטכנולוגיה, הצרכים האנושיים והשינויים הסביבתיים. ספר זה מתעמק בקשר הסבוך בין הסקוטים לבין סביבתם הטבעית, וחוקר את ההיסטוריה של עצי סקוטלנד, יערות ויערות. החל מלפני 1,500 שנה, כאשר מעטה הקרח נמס ועצים כמו הייזל, אורן, אפר ואלון חזרו, והביאו עימם את העופות והיונקים הראשונים, ובסופו של דבר, הציידים-לקטים הראשונים של אנשים. במהלך הדורות הפך השימוש בעצים וביערות, החל במתן דיור ומשאבים לתושבים הראשונים וכלה בתרבות ובזהות סקוטית. הספר מתאר הסרה כמעט מוחלטת של כריכת עצים בסקוטלנד במהלך האלף הבא, מסתכל על התחדשות יער ויער במאה העשרים, ומסתכל על השינויים המתרחשים היום.''
İskoçya'da İnsanlar ve Ormanlar: Engebeli güzelliğin ve çeşitli vahşi yaşamın ülkesi olan İskoçya, 11.000 yıldan fazla süren zengin bir tarihe sahiptir. Son buzul çağından günümüze kadar, insanlar ve ormanlar arasındaki ilişki, teknolojinin, insan ihtiyaçlarının ve çevresel değişikliklerin etkisi altında gelişmiştir. Bu kitap, İskoçlar ve doğal çevreleri arasındaki karışık bağlantıyı, İskoçya'nın ağaçlarının, ormanlık alanlarının ve ormanlarının tarihini araştırıyor. 1500 yıl önce, buz tabakasının eridiği ve ela, çam, kül ve meşe gibi ağaçların geri döndüğü, onlarla birlikte ilk kuşları ve memelileri ve nihayetinde insanların ilk avcı-toplayıcılarını getirdiği zaman. Yüzyıllar boyunca, ağaçların ve ormanların kullanımı, ilk sakinlere konut ve kaynak sağlamaktan İskoç kültürünün ve kimliğinin hayati bir parçası haline geldi. Kitap, önümüzdeki bin yıl boyunca İskoçya'daki ağaç örtüsünün neredeyse tamamen kaldırılmasını anlatıyor, yirminci yüzyılda orman ve ormanlık alan yenilenmesini inceliyor ve bugün gerçekleşen değişikliklere bakıyor.
People and Woods in Scotland: A History Scotland، أرض ذات جمال وعر وحياة برية متنوعة، لها تاريخ غني يمتد لأكثر من 11000 عام. منذ العصر الجليدي الأخير وحتى يومنا هذا، تطورت العلاقة بين شعبها وغاباتها تحت تأثير التكنولوجيا والاحتياجات البشرية والتغيرات البيئية. يتعمق هذا الكتاب في العلاقة المتشابكة بين الاسكتلنديين ومحيطهم الطبيعي، ويستكشف تاريخ الأشجار والغابات والغابات في اسكتلندا. بدءًا من 1500 عام، عندما ذابت الغطاء الجليدي وعادت الأشجار مثل البندق والصنوبر والرماد والبلوط، وأحضرت معهم الطيور والثدييات الأولى، وفي النهاية أول صيادين وجامعي الناس. على مر القرون، تحول استخدام الأشجار والغابات، من توفير المساكن والموارد للسكان الأوائل إلى أن يصبح جزءًا حيويًا من الثقافة والهوية الاسكتلندية. يصف الكتاب الإزالة شبه الكاملة للغطاء الشجري في اسكتلندا على مدى آلاف السنين القادمة، ويلقي نظرة على تجديد الغابات والغابات في القرن العشرين، وينظر في التغييرات التي تحدث اليوم.
스코틀랜드의 사람들과 숲: 견고한 아름다움과 다양한 야생 동물의 땅인 역사 스코틀랜드는 11,000 년이 넘는 풍부한 역사를 가지고 있습니다. 마지막 빙하기부터 현재까지 사람들과 숲의 관계는 기술, 인간의 요구 및 환경 변화의 영향으로 발전했습니다. 이 책은 스코틀랜드의 나무, 삼림 및 숲의 역사를 탐구하면서 스코틀랜드와 자연 환경 사이의 얽힌 연결을 탐구합니다. 1,500 년 전부터 빙상이 녹고 개암, 소나무, 재, 참나무와 같은 나무가 돌아와서 최초의 조류와 포유류, 그리고 결국 최초의 사냥꾼 수집가를 데려 왔습니다. 수세기에 걸쳐 나무와 숲의 사용은 초기 거주자에게 주택과 자원을 제공하는 것에서 스코틀랜드 문화와 정체성의 중요한 부분이되는 것으로 바뀌 었습니다. 이 책은 다음 천년 동안 스코틀랜드에서 나무 덮개를 거의 완전히 제거하고 20 세기의 숲과 삼림 재생을보고 오늘날의 변화를 살펴 봅니다.
蘇格蘭人民和伍茲:一個歷史悠久的蘇格蘭,一個嚴酷的美麗和多樣化的野生動植物的國家,歷史悠久,已有11000多的歷史。從最後一個冰河時代到今天,其人與森林之間的關系在技術,人類需求和環境變化的影響下發展。這本書深入探討了蘇格蘭人與其自然環境之間的糾纏關系,探討了蘇格蘭樹木、林地和森林的歷史。從1500前開始,當融化冰蓋並返回諸如榛樹,松樹,白蠟樹和橡樹之類的樹木時,帶來了第一批鳥類和哺乳動物,並最終帶來了第一批人類狩獵采集者。幾個世紀以來,樹木和森林的使用已從為早期居民提供住房和資源轉變為蘇格蘭文化和身份的重要組成部分。該書描述了未來幾千蘇格蘭幾乎完全清除樹木覆蓋的情況,回顧了20世紀森林和林地的復興,並回顧了今天發生的變化。

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