BOOKS - Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transform...
Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transformative Power of Informal Networks (National and Ethnic Conflict in the 21st Century) - Michele E. Commercio February 19, 2010 PDF  BOOKS
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Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transformative Power of Informal Networks (National and Ethnic Conflict in the 21st Century)
Author: Michele E. Commercio
Year: February 19, 2010
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.1 MB
Language: English



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Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan: The Transformative Power of Informal Networks In the aftermath of the Soviet Union's collapse, ethnic Russians living in non-Russian successor states like Latvia and Kyrgyzstan found themselves as new minorities subject to dramatic political, economic, and social upheaval. As elites in these new states implemented formal policies and condoned informal practices that privileged non-Russians, ethnic Russians had to adapt and respond. In her book, "Russian Minority Politics in Post-Soviet Latvia and Kyrgyzstan Michele E. Commercio draws on extensive field research, including hundreds of personal interviews, to analyze the responses of minority Russians to such policies and practices. The book focuses on the role played by both formal and informal institutions in shaping Russian attitudes, preferences, and behaviors in these states. Commercio challenges current thinking by suggesting that the answer to the question of why there is more outmigration and less political mobilization among Russians in Kyrgyzstan, and less outmigration and more political mobilization among Russians in Latvia, lies in the power of informal networks.
Политика российского меньшинства в постсоветской Латвии и Кыргызстане: преобразующая сила неформальных сетей После распада Советского Союза этнические русские, живущие в нероссийских государствах-преемниках, таких как Латвия и Киргизия, оказались новыми меньшинствами, подверженными драматическим политическим, экономическим и социальным потрясениям. По мере того как элиты в этих новых государствах проводили формальную политику и потворствовали неформальным практикам, которые привилегировали нерусских, этнические русские должны были адаптироваться и реагировать. В своей книге «Политика русского меньшинства в постсоветской Латвии и Кыргызстане» Микеле Э. Коммерсио опирается на обширные полевые исследования, включая сотни личных интервью, для анализа реакции русских из числа меньшинств на такую политику и практику. Книга посвящена роли, которую играют как формальные, так и неформальные институты в формировании российского отношения, предпочтений и поведения в этих государствах. Commercio бросает вызов нынешнему мышлению, предполагая, что ответ на вопрос, почему в Киргизии больше эмиграции и меньше политической мобилизации среди русских, а в Латвии меньше эмиграции и больше политической мобилизации среди русских, лежит во власти неформальных сетей.
Politique de la minorité russe dans la ttonie et le Kirghizistan post-soviétiques : le pouvoir transformateur des réseaux informels Après l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique, les Russes de souche vivant dans des États successeurs non-russes comme la ttonie et le Kirghizistan se sont révélés être de nouvelles minorités exposées à des bouleversements politiques, économiques et sociaux dramatiques. Alors que les élites de ces nouveaux États menaient des politiques formelles et toléraient des pratiques informelles privilégiant les non-Russes, les Russes ethniques devaient s'adapter et réagir. Dans son livre « La politique de la minorité russe en ttonie et au Kirghizistan post-soviétique », Michele E. Kommersio s'appuie sur de vastes recherches sur le terrain, y compris des centaines d'interviews personnelles, pour analyser la réaction des Russes appartenant à des minorités à ces politiques et pratiques. livre traite du rôle joué par les institutions formelles et informelles dans la formation des attitudes, des préférences et des comportements de la Russie dans ces États. Commercio récuse la pensée actuelle, suggérant que la réponse à la question de savoir pourquoi le Kirghizistan a plus d'émigration et moins de mobilisation politique parmi les Russes, et que la ttonie a moins d'émigration et plus de mobilisation politique parmi les Russes, est à la merci des réseaux informels.
La política de la minoría rusa en tonia y Kirguistán post-soviéticos: la fuerza transformadora de las redes informales Tras el colapso de la Unión Soviética, los rusos étnicos que viven en estados sucesores no rusos como tonia y Kirguistán han demostrado ser nuevas minorías sujetas a dramáticas turbulencias políticas, económicas y sociales. A medida que las élites en estos nuevos estados aplicaban políticas formales y condonaban prácticas informales que privilegiaban a los no rusos, los rusos étnicos tenían que adaptarse y reaccionar. En su libro «La política de la minoría rusa en tonia possoviética y Kirguistán», Michele E. Comercio se basa en una amplia investigación de campo, incluyendo cientos de entrevistas personales, para analizar la respuesta de los rusos minoritarios a tales políticas y prácticas. libro aborda el papel que desempeñan las instituciones tanto formales como informales en la formación de actitudes, preferencias y comportamientos rusos en estos estados. Commercio desafía el pensamiento actual, sugiriendo que la respuesta a la pregunta de por qué hay más emigración en Kirguistán y menos movilización política entre los rusos, y menos emigración y más movilización política entre los rusos en tonia, está a merced de las redes informales.
Políticas da minoria russa na tónia e no Quirguistão pós-soviéticos: A força transformadora das redes informais Depois da desintegração da União Soviética, os russos étnicos que vivem em Estados sucessores não russos, como a tônia e o Quirguistão, se revelaram como novas minorias sujeitas a dramáticas turbulências políticas, econômicas e sociais. À medida que as elites nestes novos Estados implementavam políticas formais e favoreciam práticas informais que privilegiavam os não-russos, os russos étnicos tinham de se adaptar e reagir. Em seu livro «A política da minoria russa na tónia e no Quirguistão», Michele E. Kontsio baseia-se em uma vasta pesquisa de campo, incluindo centenas de entrevistas pessoais, para analisar a resposta de russos minoritários a essas políticas e práticas. O livro trata do papel que as instituições formais e informais desempenham na formação das relações, preferências e comportamentos russos nesses Estados. Commércio desafia o pensamento atual, sugerindo que a resposta à pergunta por que há mais emigração no Quirguistão e menos mobilização política entre os russos, e que a tônia tem menos emigração e mais mobilização política entre os russos está no poder das redes informais.
Politica della minoranza russa in ttonia e Kirghizistan post-sovietici: la forza trasformatrice delle reti informali Dopo la disintegrazione dell'Unione Sovietica, i russi etnici che vivono in Stati successori non russi, come ttonia e Kirghizistan, si sono rivelati nuove minoranze soggette a drammatiche turbolenze politiche, economiche e sociali. Mentre le élite di questi nuovi stati adottavano politiche formali e favorivano pratiche informali che privilegiavano i non russi, i russi etnici dovevano adattarsi e reagire. Nel suo libro «La politica della minoranza russa nella ttonia post sovietica e in Kirghizistan», Michele E. Commercicio si basa su una vasta ricerca sul campo, tra cui centinaia di interviste personali, per analizzare la risposta dei russi minoritari a tali politiche e pratiche. Il libro è dedicato al ruolo svolto dalle istituzioni formali e informali nella formazione delle relazioni, preferenze e comportamenti russi in questi stati. Commercio sfida il pensiero attuale, suggerendo che la risposta al perché in Kirghizistan ci sia più emigrazione e meno mobilitazione politica tra i russi, e in ttonia meno emigrazione e più mobilitazione politica tra i russi, sia al potere delle reti informali.
Die Politik der russischen Minderheit im postsowjetischen ttland und Kirgisistan: die transformative Kraft informeller Netzwerke Nach dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion erwiesen sich ethnische Russen, die in nicht-russischen Nachfolgestaaten wie ttland und Kirgisistan lebten, als neue Minderheiten, die dramatischen politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Umwälzungen ausgesetzt waren. Als die Eliten in diesen neuen Staaten eine formale Politik verfolgten und informelle Praktiken befürworteten, die die Nicht-Russen privilegierten, mussten sich die ethnischen Russen anpassen und reagieren. In seinem Buch „Die Politik der russischen Minderheit im postsowjetischen ttland und Kirgisistan“ stützt sich Michele E. Kommersio auf umfangreiche Feldstudien, darunter Hunderte von persönlichen Interviews, um die Reaktion der Minderheitenrussen auf eine solche Politik und Praxis zu analysieren. Das Buch widmet sich der Rolle, die sowohl formelle als auch informelle Institutionen bei der Bildung russischer Einstellungen, Vorlieben und Verhaltensweisen in diesen Staaten spielen. Commercio stellt die gegenwärtige Denkweise in Frage, indem es darauf hinweist, dass die Antwort auf die Frage, warum es in Kirgisistan mehr Auswanderung und weniger politische Mobilisierung unter den Russen gibt und in ttland weniger Auswanderung und mehr politische Mobilisierung unter den Russen, in informellen Netzwerken liegt.
פוליטיקת המיעוטים הרוסית בלטביה הפוסט-סובייטית ובקירגיזסטן: הכוח הרובוטי של הרשתות הבלתי פורמליות מאז קריסת ברית המועצות, רוסים אתניים החיים במדינות לא-רוסיות יורשות כמו לטביה וקירגיזסטן כפי שאליטות במדינות חדשות אלה רדפו מדיניות פורמלית וסלחו מנהגים לא רשמיים שהעדיפו לא-רוסים, רוסים אתניים היו צריכים להסתגל ולהגיב. בספרו ”הפוליטיקה של המיעוט הרוסי בלטביה הפוסט-סובייטית ובקירגיזסטן”, מסתמך מיקלה קומרסנט על מחקר שדה מקיף, הכולל מאות ראיונות אישיים, כדי לנתח את תגובתם של מיעוטים רוסים למדיניות ולמנהגים כאלה. הספר מוקדש לתפקידם של המוסדות הרשמיים והבלתי פורמליים בעיצוב גישות, העדפות והתנהגות רוסיות במדינות אלה. הפרסומות מאתגרות את החשיבה הנוכחית, ומרמזות שהתשובה לשאלה מדוע לקירגיזסטן יש יותר הגירה ופחות גיוס פוליטי בקרב הרוסים, ולטביה יש פחות הגירה ויותר גיוס פוליטי בקרב הרוסים,''
Sovyet Sonrası tonya ve Kırgızistan'da Rus Azınlık Politikaları: Gayri Resmi Ağların Dönüştürücü Gücü Sovyetler Birliği'nin çöküşünden bu yana, tonya ve Kırgızistan gibi Rus olmayan halef devletlerde yaşayan etnik Ruslar, dramatik siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal kargaşaya maruz kalan yeni azınlıklar olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yeni devletlerdeki seçkinler resmi politikalar izledikçe ve Rus olmayanları tercih eden gayri resmi uygulamalara göz yumdukça, etnik Ruslar uyum sağlamak ve cevap vermek zorunda kaldılar. "Sovyet Sonrası tonya ve Kırgızistan'da Rus Azınlığının Politikası'adlı kitabında Michele E. Kommersant, azınlık Ruslarının bu tür politika ve uygulamalara tepkisini analiz etmek için yüzlerce kişisel röportaj da dahil olmak üzere kapsamlı saha araştırmasına dayanıyor. Kitap, hem resmi hem de gayri resmi kurumların bu ülkelerdeki Rus tutumlarını, tercihlerini ve davranışlarını şekillendirmede oynadığı role adanmıştır. Commercio, Kırgızistan'ın neden Ruslar arasında daha fazla göç ve daha az siyasi seferberlik olduğu ve tonya'nın Ruslar arasında daha az göç ve daha fazla siyasi seferberlik olduğu sorusunun cevabının gayri resmi ağlarda yattığını öne sürerek mevcut düşünceye meydan okuyor.
سياسة الأقليات الروسية في لاتفيا وقيرغيزستان ما بعد الاتحاد السوفيتي: القوة التحويلية للشبكات غير الرسمية منذ انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي، ظهر الروس العرقيون الذين يعيشون في الدول الخلف غير الروسية مثل لاتفيا وقيرغيزستان كأقليات جديدة خاضعة لسياسة واقتصادية واجتماعية دراماتيكية الاضطرابات. نظرًا لأن النخب في هذه الولايات الجديدة اتبعت سياسات رسمية وتغاضت عن الممارسات غير الرسمية التي تفضل غير الروس، كان على الروس العرقيين التكيف والاستجابة. في كتابه «سياسة الأقلية الروسية في لاتفيا وقيرغيزستان ما بعد الاتحاد السوفيتي»، يعتمد ميشيل إي كوميرسانت على بحث ميداني مكثف، بما في ذلك مئات المقابلات الشخصية، لتحليل رد فعل الأقليات الروسية على مثل هذه السياسات والممارسات. يخصص الكتاب للدور الذي تلعبه كل من المؤسسات الرسمية وغير الرسمية في تشكيل المواقف والتفضيلات والسلوك الروسي في هذه الدول. يتحدى كوميرسيو التفكير الحالي، مما يشير إلى أن الإجابة على السؤال حول سبب هجرة قيرغيزستان بشكل أكبر وتعبئة سياسية أقل بين الروس، ولاتفيا لديها هجرة أقل وتعبئة سياسية أكبر بين الروس، تكمن في الشبكات غير الرسمية.
소비에트 라트비아와 키르기스스탄의 러시아 소수 민족 정치: 비공식 네트워크의 변혁적인 힘 소비에트 연방 붕괴 이후 라트비아와 키르기스스탄과 같은 비 러시아 후계 국가에 사는 러시아 민족은 극적인 정치, 경제 및 사회적 격변. 이 새로운 국가의 엘리트들이 공식적인 정책을 추구하고 비 러시아인을 선호하는 비공식 관행을 용인함에 따라 러시아 민족은 적응하고 대응해야했습니다. Michele E. Kommersant는 자신의 저서 "소비에트 라트비아와 키르기스스탄의 러시아 소수 민족의 정치" 에서 수백 건의 개인 인터뷰를 포함한 광범위한 현장 연구에 의존하여 소수의 러시아인이 그러한 정책과 관행에 대한 반응을 분석합니다. 이 책은이 주에서 러시아의 태도, 선호도 및 행동을 형성하는 데있어 공식 및 비공식 기관의 역할에 전념하고 있습니다. Commercio는 현재의 사고에 도전하며, 키르기스스탄이 왜 러시아인들 사이에서 더 많은 이민과 정치적 동원을 가지고 있고 라트비아가 러시아인들 사이에서 더 적은 이민과 정치적 동원을 가지고 있는지에 대한 질문에 대한 답은 비
後蘇聯拉脫維亞和吉爾吉斯斯坦的俄羅斯少數民族政策:非正規網絡的變革力量蘇聯解體後,居住在拉脫維亞和吉爾吉斯斯坦等非俄羅斯繼承國的俄羅斯人發現自己是新的少數民族,容易遭受巨大的政治,經濟和社會動蕩。當這些新州的精英們奉行正式政策並縱容非俄羅斯人的非正式做法時,俄羅斯人不得不適應和應對。Michele E. Commercio在他的著作《後蘇聯拉脫維亞和吉爾吉斯斯坦的俄羅斯少數民族政策》中借鑒了廣泛的實地研究,包括數百次個人訪談,以分析少數民族俄羅斯人對此類政策和實踐的反應。該書探討了正式和非正式機構在這些州塑造俄羅斯關系,偏好和行為方面發揮的作用。Commercio挑戰了當前的思想,認為為什麼吉爾吉斯斯坦的移民更多,俄羅斯人的政治動員減少,拉脫維亞的移民減少和俄羅斯人的政治動員更多取決於非正式網絡。

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