BOOKS - Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontari...
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 - John McCallum April 1, 1980 PDF  BOOKS
ECO~28 kg CO²

3 TON

Views
72006

Telegram
 
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870
Author: John McCallum
Year: April 1, 1980
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 7.5 MB
Language: English



Pay with Telegram STARS
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 The book "Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870" by John McCallum offers a unique perspective on the economic history of Canada, focusing on the disparities between Quebec and Ontario during the pre-Confederation period. The author argues that the economic lead of Ontario over Quebec was not due to conservative attitudes or anti-industrial biases, but rather to the wealth generated by the province's superior agricultural land and specialization in wheat production. This advantage led to a significant difference in cash income for farmers in the two provinces, with Ontario farmers earning at least triple that of their Quebec counterparts. This disparity had profound effects on economic development in other sectors of the economy, such as town growth, transportation facilities, and industry. The book begins by highlighting the differences in agricultural practices between Quebec and Ontario, with Ontario farmers more specialized in wheat production and having access to virgin land, while Quebec farmers were limited by the lack of available land and proximity to the northeastern United States. As market conditions changed in the 1860s, Ontario was able to shift its focus to other industries, while Quebec struggled to find profitable alternatives to wheat production. This led to a widening gap in cash income between the two provinces, which had lasting impacts on their respective economic developments.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. Автор утверждает, что экономическое лидерство Онтарио над Квебеком было связано не с консервативными взглядами или антииндустриальными предубеждениями, а скорее с богатством, генерируемым превосходящими сельскохозяйственными землями провинции и специализацией на производстве пшеницы. Это преимущество привело к значительной разнице в денежных доходах фермеров в двух провинциях: фермеры Онтарио зарабатывали как минимум в три раза больше, чем их коллеги из Квебека. Это неравенство оказало глубокое влияние на экономическое развитие в других секторах экономики, таких как рост городов, транспортные средства и промышленность. Книга начинается с освещения различий в сельскохозяйственной практике между Квебеком и Онтарио, при этом фермеры Онтарио больше специализировались на производстве пшеницы и имели доступ к целине, в то время как квебекские фермеры были ограничены отсутствием доступных земель и близостью к северо-востоку США. Поскольку рыночные условия изменились в 1860-х годах, Онтарио смог сместить фокус на другие отрасли, в то время как Квебек изо всех сил пытался найти выгодные альтернативы производству пшеницы. Это привело к увеличению разрыва в денежных доходах между двумя провинциями, что оказало длительное влияние на их соответствующее экономическое развитие.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. L'auteur affirme que le leadership économique de l'Ontario sur le Québec n'était pas lié à des opinions conservatrices ou à des préjugés anti-industriels, mais plutôt à la richesse générée par les terres agricoles supérieures de la province et à la spécialisation dans la production de blé. Cet avantage a entraîné une différence importante dans les revenus monétaires des agriculteurs des deux provinces : les agriculteurs de l'Ontario gagnaient au moins trois fois plus que leurs homologues du Québec. Ces inégalités ont eu un impact profond sur le développement économique d'autres secteurs de l'économie, tels que la croissance urbaine, les véhicules et l'industrie. livre commence par mettre en lumière les différences de pratiques agricoles entre le Québec et l'Ontario, les agriculteurs de l'Ontario se spécialisant davantage dans la production de blé et ayant accès à la vigne, tandis que les agriculteurs du Québec étaient limités par le manque de terres disponibles et la proximité du nord-est des États-Unis. Comme les conditions du marché ont changé dans les années 1860, l'Ontario a réussi à se concentrer sur d'autres industries, tandis que le Québec a du mal à trouver des alternatives rentables à la production de blé. Cela a accru l'écart de revenus monétaires entre les deux provinces, ce qui a eu un impact durable sur leur développement économique respectif.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. autor sostiene que el liderazgo económico de Ontario sobre Quebec no se debió a actitudes conservadoras o prejuicios antiindustriales, sino más bien a la riqueza generada por las tierras agrícolas superiores de la provincia y la especialización en la producción de trigo. Esta ventaja dio lugar a grandes diferencias en los ingresos monetarios de los agricultores en las dos provincias: los agricultores de Ontario ganaban al menos tres veces más que sus homólogos de Quebec. Esta desigualdad ha tenido un profundo impacto en el desarrollo económico de otros sectores económicos, como el crecimiento urbano, los vehículos y la industria. libro comienza resaltando las diferencias en las prácticas agrícolas entre Quebec y Ontario, con los agricultores de Ontario más especializados en la producción de trigo y con acceso a la celina, mientras que los agricultores de Quebec estaban limitados por la falta de tierras disponibles y la proximidad al noreste de Estados Unidos. A medida que las condiciones del mercado cambiaron en la década de 1860, Ontario fue capaz de cambiar su enfoque hacia otras industrias, mientras Quebec luchaba por encontrar alternativas rentables a la producción de trigo. Esto se tradujo en una creciente brecha de ingresos monetarios entre las dos provincias, lo que tuvo un impacto duradero en su respectivo desarrollo económico.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. O autor afirma que a liderança econômica de Ontário sobre o Quebec não se deveu a opiniões conservadoras ou preconceitos anti-industriais, mas sim à riqueza gerada por terras agrícolas acima da província e à especialização na produção de trigo. Essa vantagem resultou em grandes diferenças entre os rendimentos dos agricultores em duas províncias: os agricultores de Ontário ganhavam pelo menos três vezes mais do que os seus colegas de Quebec. Essa desigualdade tem influenciado profundamente o desenvolvimento econômico em outros setores, como o crescimento urbano, os veículos e a indústria. O livro começa com as diferenças entre as práticas agrícolas de Quebec e Ontário, com os agricultores de Ontário mais especializados na produção de trigo e acesso à saúde, enquanto os agricultores de Quebec foram limitados pela falta de terras disponíveis e pela proximidade com o nordeste dos Estados Unidos. Como as condições de mercado mudaram na década de 1860, Ontário foi capaz de mudar o foco para outros setores, enquanto Quebec se esforçou para encontrar alternativas benéficas para a produção de trigo. Isso aumentou a disparidade entre as duas províncias, com efeitos duradouros sobre o seu desenvolvimento econômico apropriado.
Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870 Книга «Unequal Beginnings: Agriculture and Economic Development in Quebec and Ontario until 1870» Джона. Der Autor argumentiert, dass Ontarios wirtschaftliche Führung über Quebec nicht auf konservative Ansichten oder antiindustrielle Vorurteile zurückzuführen war, sondern auf den Reichtum, der durch die überlegenen landwirtschaftlichen Flächen der Provinz und die Spezialisierung auf die Weizenproduktion generiert wurde. Dieser Vorteil führte zu einem erheblichen Unterschied in den monetären Einkommen der Landwirte in den beiden Provinzen: Ontarios Landwirte verdienten mindestens dreimal so viel wie ihre Kollegen in Quebec. Diese Ungleichheit hatte tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in anderen Wirtschaftssektoren wie städtisches Wachstum, Fahrzeuge und Industrie. Das Buch beginnt mit der Hervorhebung der Unterschiede in der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis zwischen Quebec und Ontario, wobei sich die Ontario-Bauern stärker auf die Weizenproduktion spezialisiert haben und Zugang zu jungfräulichem Getreide hatten, während die Bauern in Quebec durch den Mangel an verfügbarem Land und die Nähe zum Nordosten der USA eingeschränkt waren. Als sich die Marktbedingungen in den 1860er Jahren änderten, konnte Ontario seinen Fokus auf andere Branchen verlagern, während Quebec Schwierigkeiten hatte, profitable Alternativen zur Weizenproduktion zu finden. Dies führte zu einer zunehmenden Kluft bei den monetären Einnahmen zwischen den beiden Provinzen, die sich nachhaltig auf ihre jeweilige wirtschaftliche Entwicklung auswirkte.
''
Eşitsiz Başlangıçlar: Quebec ve Ontario'da 1870 yılına kadar Tarım ve Ekonomik Kalkınma Книга "Eşitsiz Başlangıçlar: Quebec ve Ontario'da 1870 yılına kadar Tarım ve Ekonomik Kalkınma" Джона. Yazar, Ontario'nun Quebec üzerindeki ekonomik liderliğinin muhafazakar görüşlere veya sanayi karşıtı önyargılara değil, eyaletin üstün tarım arazileri ve buğday üretimindeki uzmanlığının yarattığı zenginliğe bağlı olduğunu savunuyor. Bu avantaj, iki ildeki çiftçilerin nakit gelirlerinde önemli bir farkla sonuçlandı; Ontario çiftçileri, Quebec'teki meslektaşlarından en az üç kat daha fazla kazanıyor. Bu eşitsizlikler, kentsel büyüme, araçlar ve sanayi gibi ekonominin diğer sektörlerinde ekonomik kalkınma üzerinde derin bir etkiye sahiptir. Kitap, Quebec ve Ontario arasındaki tarımsal uygulamalardaki farklılıkları vurgulayarak başlıyor; Ontario çiftçileri buğday üretiminde daha uzmanlaşmış ve bakir topraklara erişebiliyorken, Quebec çiftçileri mevcut arazi eksikliği ve kuzeydoğu Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ne yakınlık nedeniyle sınırlıydı. 1860'larda piyasa koşulları değiştikçe, Ontario odağını diğer endüstrilere kaydırırken, Quebec buğday üretimine karlı alternatifler bulmakta zorlandı. Bu, iki il arasında genişleyen nakit gelir uçurumuna yol açtı ve bu da kendi ekonomik kalkınmaları üzerinde kalıcı bir etkiye sahipti.
البدايات غير المتكافئة: الزراعة والتنمية الاقتصادية في كيبيك وأونتاريو حتى عام 1870 Книга «البدايات غير المتكافئة: الزراعة والتنمية الاقتصادية في كيبيك وأونتاريو حتى عام 1870» Джона. يجادل المؤلف بأن القيادة الاقتصادية لأونتاريو على كيبيك لم تكن بسبب الآراء المحافظة أو التحيزات المناهضة للصناعة، بل بسبب الثروة الناتجة عن الأراضي الزراعية المتفوقة في المقاطعة والتخصص في إنتاج القمح. وأدت هذه الميزة إلى اختلاف كبير في الدخل النقدي للمزارعين في المقاطعتين، حيث يكسب المزارعون في أونتاريو ما لا يقل عن ثلاثة أضعاف دخل نظرائهم في كيبيك. وكان لأوجه عدم المساواة هذه أثر عميق على التنمية الاقتصادية في قطاعات الاقتصاد الأخرى، مثل النمو الحضري والمركبات والصناعة. يبدأ الكتاب بتسليط الضوء على الاختلافات في الممارسات الزراعية بين كيبيك وأونتاريو، حيث كان المزارعون في أونتاريو أكثر تخصصًا في إنتاج القمح والوصول إلى الأراضي البكر، بينما كان مزارعو كيبيك محدودين بسبب نقص الأراضي المتاحة والقرب من شمال شرق الولايات المتحدة. مع تغير ظروف السوق في ستينيات القرن التاسع عشر، تمكنت أونتاريو من تحويل تركيزها إلى صناعات أخرى، بينما كافحت كيبيك لإيجاد بدائل مربحة لإنتاج القمح. أدى ذلك إلى اتساع فجوة الدخل النقدي بين المقاطعتين، مما كان له تأثير دائم على التنمية الاقتصادية لكل منهما.

You may also be interested in:

Making the Unequal Metropolis
When This Is Over: Reflections on an Unequal Pandemic
Economic Aspects of Obesity (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse: An Integration of Econometric and Behavioral Economic Research
Economic Analysis of Environmental Policies (Ontario Economic Council Research Studies; 2)
Economic Challenges in Higher Education (National Bureau of Economic Research Monograph)
Federalism and the Canadian Economic Union (Ontario Economic Council Research Studies, 28)
Economic Torts and Economic Wrongs (Hart Studies in Private Law)
Nature in the History of Economic Thought: How Natural Resources Became an Economic Concept
Economic Analysis of the DCFR: The Work of the Economic Impact Group Within CoPECL
Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
Economic Dimensions of Personalized and Precision Medicine (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
The Secrets of Economic Indicators Hidden Clues to Future Economic Trends and Investment Opportunities. Third Edition
The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
Cross-Cultural Economic Management (Global Economic Series)
Not Enough: Human Rights in an Unequal World
Unequal Treaties and China: Volume 1
UNEQUAL: Why India Lags Behind Its Neighbours
Moral Sentiments and Material Interests: The Foundations of Cooperation in Economic Life (Economic Learning and Social Evolution)
Economic Transfers in the United States (Volume 49) (National Bureau of Economic Research Studies in Income and Wealth)
A Great Leap Forward: 1930s Depression and U.S. Economic Growth (Yale Series in Economic and Financial History)
Economic and Financial Crises in Emerging Market Economies (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
The Economic Theory of Developing Countries| Rise: Explaining the Myth of Rapid Economic Growth in China
Ideas and economic crises in britain from attlee to blair (1945-2005) (Routledge Explorations in Economic History)
Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America|s Economic History (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
How Capitalism Failed the Arab World: The Economic Roots and Precarious Future of the Middle East Uprisings (Economic Controversies)
Long-Range Economic Projection, Volume 16: Studies in Income and Wealth (National Bureau of Economic Research Publications, 2)
Social Protection vs. Economic Flexibility: Is There a Tradeoff? (National Bureau of Economic Research Comparative Labor Markets Series)
Value, Historicity, and Economic Epistemology: An Archaeology of Economic Science
Economic Performance (Economic Issues, Problems and Perspectives)
Spanked In the Workplace 2: Punished for Unequal Pay
Globalization in an Age of Crisis: Multilateral Economic Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)
Big Data for Twenty-First-Century Economic Statistics (Volume 79) (National Bureau of Economic Research Studies in Income and Wealth)
Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas (National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report)
Unequal Profession: Race and Gender in Legal Academia
The Economic Decline of Empires (Economic History)
Continuous Improvement: Strengthening Georgia|s Targeted Social Assistance Program (Directions in Development) (Directions in Development: Human Development)
Urban Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement: Linking Innovation and Local Benefits (Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Environment and Sustainable Development)
Sin Tax Reform in the Philippines: Transforming Public Finance, Health, and Governance for More Inclusive Development (Directions in Development) (Directions in Development: Countries and Regions)
Promoting University-Industry Collaboration in Sri Lanka: Status, Case Studies, and Policy Options (Directions in Development;Directions in Development - Human Development)