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Building Washington: Engineering and Construction of the New Federal City, 1790-1840 - Robert J. Kapsch June 3, 2018 PDF  BOOKS
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Building Washington: Engineering and Construction of the New Federal City, 1790-1840
Author: Robert J. Kapsch
Year: June 3, 2018
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 84 MB
Language: English



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Building Washington: Engineering and Construction of the New Federal City, 1790-1840 In 1790, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson set out to build a new capital for the United States of America in just ten years. The area they selected on the banks of the Potomac River, a spot halfway between the northern and southern states, had few resources or inhabitants. Almost everything needed to build the federal city, including materials, skilled workers, architects, and engineers, would have to be brought in. It was a daunting task, and these American Founding Fathers intended to do it without congressional appropriation. Robert J. Kapsch's beautifully illustrated book chronicles the early planning and construction of our nation's capital, showing how Washington DC was meant to be not only a government center but a great commercial hub for the receipt and transshipment of goods arriving through the Potomac Canal, then under construction. Picturesque plans were not enough; the endeavor would require extensive engineering and the work of skilled builders.
Building Washington: Engineering and Construction of the New Federal City, 1790-1840 В 1790 году Джордж Вашингтон и Томас Джефферсон намеревались построить новую столицу Соединенных Штатов Америки всего за десять лет. Район, который они выбрали на берегу реки Потомак, места на полпути между северным и южным штатами, имел мало ресурсов или жителей. Почти все необходимое для строительства федерального города, включая материалы, квалифицированных рабочих, архитекторов и инженеров, должно было быть привезено. Это была сложная задача, и эти американские отцы-основатели намеревались сделать это без ассигнований Конгресса. Прекрасно иллюстрированная книга Роберта Дж. Капша рассказывает о раннем планировании и строительстве столицы нашей страны, показывая, как Вашингтон, округ Колумбия, должен был быть не только правительственным центром, но и большим коммерческим центром для приема и перевалки товаров, прибывающих через Потомакский канал, который в то время строился. Живописных планов оказалось недостаточно; усилия потребуют обширного проектирования и работы квалифицированных строителей.
Building Washington : Engineering and Construction of the New Federal City, 1790-1840 En 1790, George Washington et Thomas Jefferson avaient l'intention de construire la nouvelle capitale des États-Unis d'Amérique en seulement dix ans. La région qu'ils ont choisie sur les rives du Potomac, à mi-chemin entre les États du Nord et du Sud, avait peu de ressources ou d'habitants. Presque tout ce qui était nécessaire pour construire la ville fédérale, y compris les matériaux, les ouvriers qualifiés, les architectes et les ingénieurs, devait être apporté. C'était une tâche difficile, et ces pères fondateurs américains avaient l'intention de le faire sans les crédits du Congrès. livre parfaitement illustré de Robert J. Kapsch parle de la planification précoce et de la construction de la capitale de notre pays, montrant comment Washington, DC, devait non seulement être un centre gouvernemental, mais aussi un grand centre commercial pour recevoir et transborder les marchandises arrivant par le canal du Potomac, qui était en construction à l'époque. s plans pittoresques n'étaient pas suffisants ; les efforts exigeront une conception et un travail approfondis de la part de constructeurs qualifiés.
Edificio Washington: Ingeniería y Construcción de la Nueva Ciudad Federal, 1790-1840 En 1790, George Washington y Thomas Jefferson se propusieron construir la nueva capital de los Estados Unidos de América en solo diez . La zona que eligieron a orillas del río Potomac, un lugar a medio camino entre los estados del norte y del sur, tenía pocos recursos o habitantes. Casi todo lo necesario para construir una ciudad federal, incluyendo materiales, trabajadores calificados, arquitectos e ingenieros, debía ser traído. Era una tarea difícil, y estos padres fundadores estadounidenses pretendían hacerlo sin asignaciones del Congreso. libro perfectamente ilustrado de Robert J. Capsch narra la planificación temprana y la construcción de la capital de nuestro país, mostrando cómo Washington, D.C., debía ser no sólo un centro gubernamental, sino también un gran centro comercial para recibir y transbordar mercancías que llegaban a través del Canal del Potomac, que en ese momento se estaba construyendo. planos pictóricos no fueron suficientes; los esfuerzos requerirán un amplio diseño y el trabajo de constructores calificados.
Building Washington: Engenharia e Construção de New Federal City, 1790-1840 Em 1790, George Washington e Thomas Jefferson pretendiam construir a nova capital dos Estados Unidos em apenas uma década. A área que escolheram na margem do rio Potomac, um local a meio caminho entre os estados do norte e do sul, tinha poucos recursos ou habitantes. Quase tudo o que era necessário para construir uma cidade federal, incluindo materiais, trabalhadores qualificados, arquitetos e engenheiros, deveria ter sido trazido. Foi uma tarefa difícil, e estes fundadores americanos pretendiam fazê-lo sem o Congresso. O livro perfeitamente ilustrado de Robert J. Kupsha descreve o primeiro planejamento e construção da capital do nosso país, mostrando como Washington D.C. deveria ser não apenas um centro governamental, mas também um grande centro comercial para receber e transbordar as mercadorias que chegavam pelo Canal de Potomac, que na época estava sendo construído. Os planos pitorescos não foram suficientes; os esforços exigirão um vasto projeto e trabalho de construtores qualificados.
Building Washington: Engineering and Costruzioni of the New Federal City, 1790-1840 Nel 1790 George Washington e Thomas Jefferson intendevano costruire una nuova capitale degli Stati Uniti in soli dieci anni. La zona che hanno scelto sul fiume Potomac, a metà strada tra gli stati settentrionali e quelli meridionali, aveva poche risorse o abitanti. Quasi tutto il necessario per costruire una città federale, inclusi materiali, operai qualificati, architetti e ingegneri, doveva essere portato. Era una sfida, e questi padri fondatori americani intendevano farlo senza i fondi del Congresso. Il libro di Robert J. Kapsha, ben illustrato, parla della prima pianificazione e costruzione della capitale del nostro paese, mostrando come Washington D.C. non fosse solo un centro governativo, ma anche un grande centro commerciale per l'accoglienza e il trasferimento di merci che arrivavano attraverso il Canale del Potomaco, che all'epoca era stato costruito. I piani pittorici non sono stati sufficienti; gli sforzi richiederanno la progettazione e il lavoro di costruttori qualificati.
Building Washington: Engineering and Construction of the New Federal City, 1790-1840 1790 wollten George Washington und Thomas Jefferson in nur zehn Jahren eine neue Hauptstadt der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika errichten. Das Gebiet, das sie am Ufer des Potomac River, einem Ort auf halbem Weg zwischen den nördlichen und südlichen Staaten, wählten, hatte nur wenige Ressourcen oder Einwohner. Fast alles Notwendige für den Bau der Bundesstadt, darunter Materialien, Facharbeiter, Architekten und Ingenieure, musste mitgebracht werden. Es war eine schwierige Aufgabe, und diese amerikanischen Gründerväter beabsichtigten, dies ohne die Mittel des Kongresses zu tun. Robert J. Kapschs wunderschön illustriertes Buch erzählt von der frühen Planung und dem Bau der Hauptstadt unseres Landes und zeigt, wie Washington DC nicht nur ein Regierungszentrum sein sollte, sondern auch ein großes Handelszentrum für den Empfang und den Umschlag von Waren, die über den damals im Bau befindlichen Potomac-Kanal ankamen. Die malerischen Pläne reichten nicht aus; Der Aufwand erfordert ein umfangreiches Design und die Arbeit qualifizierter Bauherren.
Budynek Waszyngton: Inżynieria i budowa Nowego Miasta Federalnego, 1790-1840 W 1790, George Washington i Thomas Jefferson wyruszył zbudować nową stolicę Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki w ciągu zaledwie dziesięciu lat. Obszar, który wybrali na brzegach rzeki Potomac, położony w połowie drogi między północnym i południowym stanem, miał niewiele zasobów lub mieszkańców. Niemal wszystko, co konieczne do budowy miasta federalnego, w tym materiałów, wykwalifikowanych pracowników, architektów i inżynierów, musiało być przyniesione. To był wysoki rozkaz, a ci amerykańscy ojcowie założyciele postanowili to zrobić bez środków kongresowych. Robert J. Kapsch pięknie ilustrowane kroniki książki wczesne planowanie i budowa stolicy naszego narodu, pokazując, jak Waszyngton, D.C. miał być nie tylko centrum rządowe, ale również duży ośrodek handlowy do odbioru i przeładunku towarów przybywających przez Kanał Potomac, który był w budowie w tym czasie. Malownicze plany nie wystarczyły; wysiłek wymagałby obszernego projektowania i pracy wykwalifikowanych budowniczych.
בניין וושינגטון: הנדסה ובנייה של העיר הפדרלית החדשה, 1790-1840 בשנת 1790, ג 'ורג'וושינגטון ותומאס ג 'פרסון יצאו לבנות את הבירה החדשה של ארצות הברית בתוך עשר שנים בלבד. באזור שהם בחרו על גדות נהר הפוטומק, מיקום באמצע הדרך בין המדינות הצפוניות והדרומיות, היו מעט משאבים או תושבים. כמעט את כל הדרוש לבניית העיר הפדרלית, כולל חומרים, עובדים מיומנים, אדריכלים ומהנדסים, היה צריך להביא. זו הייתה משימה קשה, והאבות המייסדים האמריקאים האלה יצאו לעשות זאת ללא הקצבות של הקונגרס. הספר המאויר להפליא של רוברט ג 'יי קאפש מתאר את התכנון והבנייה המוקדמים של בירת האומה שלנו, ומראה איך וושינגטון הבירה הייתה אמורה להיות לא רק מוקד ממשלתי אלא גם מרכז מסחרי גדול לקליטה וטרנספינג של סחורות המגיעות דרך תעלת פוטומק, שהייתה בבנייה באותו זמן. תוכניות ציוריות לא הספיקו; המאמץ ידרוש תכנון ועבודה נרחבים על ־ ידי בנאים מיומנים.''
Washington Binası: Yeni Federal Şehrin Mühendisliği ve İnşası, 1790-1840 1790 yılında George Washington ve Thomas Jefferson, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin yeni başkentini sadece on yıl içinde inşa etmek için yola çıktılar. Kuzey ve güney eyaletleri arasında bir yer olan Potomac Nehri'nin kıyısında seçtikleri alanın çok az kaynağı veya sakini vardı. Federal kentin inşası için gerekli malzemeler, vasıflı işçiler, mimarlar ve mühendisler de dahil olmak üzere hemen hemen her şeyin getirilmesi gerekiyordu. Bu uzun bir emirdi ve bu Amerikalı kurucu babalar bunu kongre ödenekleri olmadan yapmaya başladılar. Robert J. Kapsch'in güzel resimli kitabı, başkentimizin erken planlama ve inşasını anlatıyor ve Washington DC'nin sadece bir hükümet merkezi değil, aynı zamanda o sırada yapım aşamasında olan Potomac Kanalı'ndan gelen malları almak ve taşımak için büyük bir ticaret merkezi olduğunu gösteriyor. Pitoresk planlar yeterli değildi; Çaba, yetenekli inşaatçılar tarafından kapsamlı tasarım ve çalışma gerektirecektir.
مبنى واشنطن: هندسة وبناء المدينة الفيدرالية الجديدة، 1790-1840 في عام 1790، شرع جورج واشنطن وتوماس جيفرسون في بناء العاصمة الجديدة للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية في غضون عشر سنوات فقط. المنطقة التي اختاروها على ضفاف نهر بوتوماك، وهو موقع في منتصف الطريق بين الولايتين الشمالية والجنوبية، كان بها القليل من الموارد أو السكان. كان لا بد من إحضار كل ما هو ضروري تقريبًا لبناء المدينة الفيدرالية، بما في ذلك المواد والعمال المهرة والمهندسين المعماريين والمهندسين. لقد كان أمرًا صعبًا، وقد شرع هؤلاء الآباء المؤسسون الأمريكيون في القيام بذلك دون اعتمادات من الكونجرس. يؤرخ كتاب روبرت جيه كابش المصور بشكل جميل التخطيط المبكر والبناء لعاصمة أمتنا، ويظهر كيف أن واشنطن العاصمة لم تكن مركزًا حكوميًا فحسب، بل كانت أيضًا مركزًا تجاريًا كبيرًا لاستلام البضائع وشحنها عبر قناة بوتوماك، التي كانت قيد الإنشاء في ذلك الوقت. ولم تكن الخطط الخلابة كافية ؛ وسيتطلب هذا الجهد تصميما وعملا شاملين مهرة.
華盛頓大廈:1790-1840新聯邦城的工程和建築。1790,喬治華盛頓和托馬斯·傑斐遜(Thomas Jefferson)打算在短短十內建造新的美利堅合眾國首都。他們在波托馬克河(北部和南部各州之間的中途)河岸上選擇的地區幾乎沒有資源或居民。建造聯邦城市所需的幾乎所有東西,包括材料,熟練工人,建築師和工程師,都必須帶來。這是一項艱巨的任務,這些美國開國元勛打算在沒有國會撥款的情況下這樣做。羅伯特·卡普施(Robert J. Kapsch)精美的插圖書講述了我國首都的早期規劃和建設,展示了華盛頓特區不僅應該成為政府中心,而且應該是一個大型商業中心,以接收和轉運通過波托馬克運河到達的貨物,當時正在建設中。繪畫計劃還不夠。這項工作將需要熟練建築商的廣泛設計和運營。

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