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Cultures of Charity: Women, Politics, and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy (I Tatti Studies in Italian Renaissance History) - Nicholas Terpstra February 11, 2013 PDF  BOOKS
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Cultures of Charity: Women, Politics, and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy (I Tatti Studies in Italian Renaissance History)
Author: Nicholas Terpstra
Year: February 11, 2013
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 6.4 MB
Language: English



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The book focuses on the role of gender in shaping the development of modern knowledge and the survival of humanity, particularly in the context of warring states. The plot revolves around the innovative ways that Renaissance Italians pioneered to help the poor, such as orphanages, workhouses, pawnshops, and women's shelters. The author highlights the significance of gender as the driving force behind these changes, with most recipients of charity being women. The book is the first to recognize women's poverty as the key factor in driving reforms in poor relief. The story begins with an overview of the political debates surrounding taxation and forced labor, which were central to the development of poor relief programs. The author explores how these debates gave rise to pioneering forms of assistance, including early examples of maternity benefits, unemployment insurance, food stamps, and credit union savings plans.
Книга посвящена роли пола в формировании развития современных знаний и выживания человечества, особенно в контексте враждующих государств. Сюжет вращается вокруг новаторских способов, которые итальянцы эпохи Возрождения начали использовать для помощи бедным, таких как детские дома, работные дома, ломбарды и женские приюты. Автор подчеркивает значение пола как движущей силы этих изменений, причем большинство получателей благотворительности - женщины. Книга является первой, в которой бедность женщин признана ключевым фактором в проведении реформ в условиях плохой помощи. История начинается с обзора политических дебатов, связанных с налогообложением и принудительным трудом, которые были центральными для разработки бедных программ помощи. Автор исследует, как эти дебаты привели к новаторским формам помощи, включая ранние примеры пособий по беременности и родам, страхования по безработице, талонов на питание и сберегательных планов кредитных союзов.
livre traite du rôle du genre dans le développement des connaissances modernes et la survie de l'humanité, en particulier dans le contexte des États belligérants. L'histoire tourne autour des moyens novateurs que les Italiens de la Renaissance ont commencé à utiliser pour aider les pauvres, tels que les orphelinats, les maisons de travail, les prêteurs sur gages et les abris pour femmes. L'auteur souligne l'importance du sexe en tant que moteur de ces changements, la plupart des bénéficiaires de la charité étant des femmes. livre est le premier dans lequel la pauvreté des femmes est reconnue comme un facteur clé dans la mise en œuvre des réformes dans un contexte de mauvaise aide. L'histoire commence par un examen des débats politiques liés à la fiscalité et au travail forcé, qui ont été au cœur de l'élaboration de programmes d'aide pauvres. L'auteur étudie comment ces débats ont mené à des formes novatrices d'aide, notamment des exemples précoces de prestations de maternité, d'assurance-chômage, de bons de repas et de régimes d'épargne des coopératives de crédit.
libro aborda el papel del género en la formación del conocimiento moderno y la supervivencia de la humanidad, especialmente en el contexto de los Estados en guerra. La trama gira en torno a las formas innovadoras que los italianos del Renacimiento comenzaron a utilizar para ayudar a los pobres, como orfanatos, casas de trabajo, casas de empeño y albergues de mujeres. La autora subraya la importancia del género como motor de estos cambios, con la mayoría de los beneficiarios de la caridad como mujeres. libro es el primero en el que se reconoce la pobreza de las mujeres como un factor clave para llevar a cabo reformas en un entorno de escasa ayuda. La historia comienza con una revisión de los debates políticos relacionados con la tributación y el trabajo forzoso, que han sido centrales para el desarrollo de los programas de ayuda a los pobres. La autora explora cómo este debate ha dado lugar a formas innovadoras de ayuda, incluyendo ejemplos tempranos de prestaciones por maternidad, seguro de desempleo, cupones de alimentación y planes de ahorro de cooperativas de crédito.
O livro trata do papel do gênero no desenvolvimento do conhecimento moderno e da sobrevivência humana, especialmente no contexto de Estados rivais. A história gira em torno de formas inovadoras que os italianos do renascimento começaram a usar para ajudar os pobres, como orfanatos, casas de trabalho, penhoras e abrigos para mulheres. O autor ressalta a importância do sexo como motor dessas mudanças, sendo que a maioria dos beneficiários da caridade são mulheres. O livro é o primeiro em que a pobreza das mulheres é reconhecida como um fator fundamental para a implementação de reformas em condições de má assistência. A história começa com uma revisão do debate político sobre a tributação e o trabalho forçado, que foi central para a elaboração de programas de ajuda pobres. O autor investiga como este debate resultou em formas inovadoras de ajuda, incluindo exemplos iniciais de benefícios de maternidade, seguro-desemprego, vale-refeição e planos de poupança de empréstimos.
Il libro è dedicato al ruolo del genere nella formazione della conoscenza moderna e della sopravvivenza dell'umanità, soprattutto nel contesto degli Stati in conflitto. La storia ruota intorno ai modi innovativi che gli italiani rinascimentali hanno iniziato a usare per aiutare i poveri, come orfanotrofi, case da lavoro, lombardi e asili per donne. L'autore sottolinea il significato del sesso come motore di questi cambiamenti, con la maggior parte dei beneficiari di beneficenza donne. Il libro è il primo in cui la povertà delle donne è riconosciuta come un fattore chiave per le riforme in condizioni di scarso aiuto. La storia inizia con una revisione del dibattito politico sulla tassazione e il lavoro forzato, che è stato centrale per sviluppare programmi di aiuti poveri. L'autore sta indagando su come questo dibattito abbia portato a forme innovative di assistenza, inclusi i primi esempi di indennità di maternità, assicurazione disoccupazione, buoni pasto e piani di risparmio delle associazioni di credito.
Das Buch widmet sich der Rolle des Geschlechts bei der Gestaltung der Entwicklung des modernen Wissens und des Überlebens der Menschheit, insbesondere im Kontext der verfeindeten Staaten. Die Handlung dreht sich um die innovativen Wege, die die Italiener der Renaissance begonnen haben, um den Armen zu helfen, wie Waisenhäuser, Arbeitshäuser, Pfandhäuser und Frauenhäuser. Der Autor betont die Bedeutung des Geschlechts als Treiber dieser Veränderungen, wobei die meisten Wohltätigkeitsempfänger Frauen sind. Das Buch ist das erste, in dem die Armut von Frauen als Schlüsselfaktor für Reformen angesichts schlechter Hilfen anerkannt wird. Die Geschichte beginnt mit einem Überblick über die politischen Debatten im Zusammenhang mit Steuern und Zwangsarbeit, die für die Entwicklung armer Hilfsprogramme von zentraler Bedeutung waren. Die Autorin untersucht, wie diese Debatten zu innovativen Formen der Pflege geführt haben, darunter frühe Beispiele für Mutterschaftsleistungen, Arbeitslosenversicherungen, bensmittelmarken und Sparpläne von Kreditgenossenschaften.
Książka poświęcona jest roli płci w kształtowaniu rozwoju nowoczesnej wiedzy i przetrwania ludzkości, zwłaszcza w kontekście walczących państw. Fabuła kręci się wokół innowacyjnych sposobów, które renesansowi Włosi zaczęli używać do pomocy ubogim, takich jak sierocińce, pracownie, lombardy i schroniska dla kobiet. Autor podkreśla znaczenie płci jako czynnika napędzającego te zmiany, przy czym większość odbiorców organizacji charytatywnych to kobiety. Książka jako pierwsza uznała ubóstwo kobiet za kluczową siłę napędową reform w słabych warunkach opieki. Historia zaczyna się od przeglądu debat politycznych dotyczących podatków i pracy przymusowej, które były kluczowe dla rozwoju słabych programów pomocy. Autor bada, w jaki sposób debata ta doprowadziła do powstania innowacyjnych form pomocy, w tym wczesnych przykładów świadczeń macierzyńskich, ubezpieczenia od bezrobocia, znaczków żywnościowych i planów oszczędności unii kredytowej.
הספר מוקדש לתפקיד המגדר בעיצוב התפתחות הידע המודרני והישרדות האנושות, במיוחד בהקשר של מדינות לוחמות. העלילה סובבת סביב דרכים חדשניות שאיטלקים מתקופת הרנסאנס החלו להשתמש בהן כדי לעזור לעניים, כגון בתי יתומים, בתי עבודה, בתי עבוט ומקלטי נשים. המחבר מדגיש את חשיבות המגדר כמנהג שינויים אלה, כאשר רוב מקבלי הצדקה הם נשים. הספר הוא הראשון שמכיר בעוני של נשים כמניע מרכזי לרפורמה במצבי טיפול ירודים. הסיפור מתחיל בסקירה של הוויכוחים הפוליטיים סביב מיסוי ועבודות כפייה שהיו מרכזיים לפיתוח תוכניות סיוע גרועות. המחבר בוחן כיצד הוביל ויכוח זה לצורות חדשניות של סיוע, כולל דוגמאות מוקדמות של הטבות ליולדות, ביטוח אבטלה, תלושי מזון ותוכניות חיסכון לאיגוד האשראי.''
Kitap, özellikle savaşan devletler bağlamında, modern bilginin gelişimini ve insanlığın hayatta kalmasını şekillendirmede cinsiyetin rolüne ayrılmıştır. Arsa, Rönesans İtalyanlarının yetimhaneler, çalışma evleri, rehin dükkanları ve kadın sığınakları gibi yoksullara yardım etmek için kullanmaya başladığı yenilikçi yollar etrafında dönüyor. Yazar, cinsiyetin bu değişikliklerin itici gücü olarak önemini vurguluyor ve yardım alıcılarının çoğunluğu kadın. Kitap, kadınların yoksulluğunu kötü bakım ortamlarında reformun kilit bir itici gücü olarak tanıyan ilk kitap. Hikaye, zayıf yardım programlarının geliştirilmesinde merkezi olan vergilendirme ve zorla çalıştırma ile ilgili siyasi tartışmalara genel bir bakış ile başlar. Yazar, bu tartışmanın annelik yardımları, işsizlik sigortası, gıda kuponları ve kredi birliği tasarruf planlarının erken örnekleri de dahil olmak üzere yenilikçi yardım biçimlerine nasıl yol açtığını araştırıyor.
الكتاب مكرس لدور نوع الجنس في تشكيل تطور المعرفة الحديثة وبقاء البشرية، لا سيما في سياق الدول المتحاربة. تدور الحبكة حول الطرق المبتكرة التي بدأ الإيطاليون في عصر النهضة في استخدامها لمساعدة الفقراء، مثل دور الأيتام ودور العمل ومحلات الرهن وملاجئ النساء. يسلط المؤلف الضوء على أهمية الجنس كمحرك لهذه التغييرات، حيث تكون غالبية المتلقين للأعمال الخيرية من النساء. الكتاب هو أول كتاب يعترف بفقر المرأة كمحرك رئيسي للإصلاح في أماكن الرعاية السيئة. تبدأ القصة بلمحة عامة عن المناقشات السياسية المحيطة بالضرائب والعمل القسري والتي كانت محورية في تطوير برامج الإغاثة السيئة. يستكشف المؤلف كيف أدى هذا النقاش إلى أشكال مبتكرة من المساعدة، بما في ذلك الأمثلة المبكرة لاستحقاقات الأمومة والتأمين ضد البطالة وطوابع الطعام وخطط الادخار الائتمانية.
本書論述性別在塑造當代知識發展和人類生存方面的作用,特別是在交戰國家的背景下。該情節圍繞著文藝復興時期意大利人開始用來幫助窮人的創新方式,例如孤兒院,工作室,典當行和婦女庇護所。作者強調性別作為這些變革的推動力的重要性,其中大多數受益者是婦女。該書是第一本將婦女的貧困視為在援助不足的情況下進行改革的關鍵因素的書。故事首先回顧了有關稅收和強迫勞動的政策辯論,這是制定貧困救濟計劃的核心。作者探討了這些辯論如何導致創新的援助形式,包括產假福利,失業保險,食品券和信用合作社儲蓄計劃的早期例子。

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