BOOKS - Turkey's Asia Relations
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Turkey's Asia Relations
Author: Omair Anas
Year: February 22, 2022
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 5.5 MB



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Turkey's Asia Relations: A Shift in Foreign Policy In the aftermath of the Cold War, Turkey and the West have lost their mutual interests and threat perceptions, particularly towards Russia. Western countries are now preoccupied with the rise of China and are searching for new allies in the Asia-Pacific region, leaving Turkey to deal with Russia and crises such as those in Syria, Libya, Iraq, and Azerbaijan on its own. In the absence of its Western allies, Turkey has engaged with Russia alone to deconflict and stabilize these regions. However, Turkey's ruling conservative AK Party has won elections from 2002 to 2012 on a strong pro-EU and pro-Western agenda, and is now talking about "strategic autonomy "multidimensionalism "diversification or "the world is bigger than five. " The new foreign policy gestures are underpinned by the rise of the domestic defense industry, nationalist politics at home, and increased trade relations with key Asian economies like China, India, and Indonesia. At an international level, the ruling party has instrumentalized strong criticism of the West for injustice and neglect of the Turkish Muslim and non-Western world. Although this resembles Turkey's failed quests to shift from a West-centric foreign policy to an unknown direction, the book argues that Turkey's reconnect with Asia is rather to complement and strengthen its relations with the West.
Азиатские отношения Турции: сдвиг во внешней политике После холодной войны Турция и Запад утратили свои взаимные интересы и восприятие угроз, особенно в отношении России. Западные страны сейчас озабочены подъемом Китая и ищут новых союзников в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе, оставляя Турцию самостоятельно разбираться с Россией и кризисами, такими как в Сирии, Ливии, Ираке и Азербайджане. В отсутствие своих западных союзников Турция в одиночку взаимодействовала с Россией в целях деконфликтации и стабилизации этих регионов. Однако правящая в Турции консервативная партия АК побеждала на выборах с 2002 по 2012 год в рамках сильной про-ЕС и прозападной повестки дня, и теперь говорит о "стратегической автономии", "многомерности", "диверсификации" или "мире больше пяти. "Новые внешнеполитические жесты подкрепляются подъемом отечественной оборонной промышленности, националистической политикой внутри страны и расширением торговых отношений с ключевыми азиатскими экономиками, такими как Китай, Индия и Индонезия. На международном уровне правящая партия инструментализировала сильную критику Запада за несправедливость и пренебрежение турецким мусульманским и незападным миром. Хотя это напоминает неудачные попытки Турции перейти от ориентированной на Запад внешней политики к неизвестному направлению, в книге утверждается, что восстановление связи Турции с Азией скорее дополняет и укрепляет ее отношения с Западом.
Relations asiatiques de la Turquie : changement de politique étrangère Après la guerre froide, la Turquie et l'Occident ont perdu leurs intérêts mutuels et leur perception des menaces, en particulier à l'égard de la Russie. s pays occidentaux sont maintenant préoccupés par la montée de la Chine et cherchent de nouveaux alliés dans la région Asie-Pacifique, laissant la Turquie s'occuper de la Russie et des crises telles que la Syrie, la Libye, l'Irak et l'Azerbaïdjan. En l'absence de ses alliés occidentaux, la Turquie s'est engagée seule avec la Russie pour déconfiner et stabiliser ces régions. Cependant, le parti conservateur turc AK a remporté les élections de 2002 à 2012 dans le cadre d'un programme pro-UE fort et pro-occidental, et parle maintenant d'"autonomie stratégique", de "multidimensionnalité", de "diversification" ou de "monde de plus de cinq. "s nouveaux gestes de politique étrangère sont renforcés par l'essor de l'industrie nationale de la défense, les politiques nationalistes nationales et l'expansion des relations commerciales avec les principales économies asiatiques comme la Chine, l'Inde et l'Indonésie. Au niveau international, le parti au pouvoir a instrumentalisé les vives critiques de l'Occident pour l'injustice et le mépris du monde musulman et non occidental turc. Bien que cela ressemble aux tentatives infructueuses de la Turquie de passer d'une politique étrangère orientée vers l'Occident à une direction inconnue, le livre affirme que le rétablissement des liens entre la Turquie et l'Asie complète et renforce ses relations avec l'Occident.
relaciones asiáticas de Turquía: un cambio en la política exterior Después de la Guerra Fría, Turquía y Occidente perdieron sus intereses mutuos y su percepción de las amenazas, especialmente contra Rusia. países occidentales están ahora preocupados por el ascenso de China y buscan nuevos aliados en la región de Asia y el Pacífico, dejando a Turquía lidiar con Rusia y con crisis como las de ria, Libia, Irak y Azerbaiyán por su cuenta. En ausencia de sus aliados occidentales, Turquía ha interactuado por sí sola con Rusia para desconflectar y estabilizar esas regiones. n embargo, el partido conservador AK, que gobierna en Turquía, ganó las elecciones de 2002 a 2012 bajo una fuerte agenda pro-UE y pro-Occidente, y ahora habla de "autonomía estratégica", "multidimensionalidad", "diversificación" o "un mundo de más de cinco. " nuevos gestos de política exterior están respaldados por el auge de la industria de defensa nacional, las políticas nacionalistas dentro del país y la expansión de las relaciones comerciales con economías asiáticas clave como China, India e Indonesia. A nivel internacional, el partido gobernante ha instrumentalizado fuertes críticas a Occidente por la injusticia y el desprecio al mundo musulmán y no occidental turco. Aunque esto recuerda los intentos fallidos de Turquía de pasar de una política exterior orientada hacia Occidente a una dirección desconocida, el libro sostiene que el restablecimiento del vínculo de Turquía con Asia es más bien complementario y fortalece sus relaciones con Occidente.
Relações asiáticas da Turquia: mudança na política externa Depois da Guerra Fria, Turquia e Ocidente perderam seus interesses recíprocos e percepções de ameaças, especialmente em relação à Rússia. Os países ocidentais estão agora preocupados com a ascensão da China e estão à procura de novos aliados na região Ásia-Pacífico, deixando a Turquia para lidar com a Rússia e crises, como na Síria, Líbia, Iraque e Azerbaijão. Na ausência de seus aliados ocidentais, a Turquia tem trabalhado sozinha com a Rússia para desonerar e estabilizar essas regiões. No entanto, o partido conservador AK, no poder na Turquia, venceu as eleições de 2002 a 2012 como parte de uma forte agenda pró-UE e pró-Ocidente, e agora fala em "autonomia estratégica", "multidimensionalidade", "diversificação" ou "mundo acima de cinco. "Os novos gestos de política externa são reforçados pela ascensão da indústria de defesa nacional, políticas nacionalistas dentro do país e o aumento das relações comerciais com as principais economias asiáticas, como China, Índia e Indonésia. No plano internacional, o partido no poder instrumentalizou fortes críticas ocidentais por injustiças e despreparos pelo mundo muçulmano e não ocidental turco. Embora isso se assemelhe às tentativas fracassadas da Turquia de passar de uma política externa orientada para o Ocidente para uma direção desconhecida, o livro afirma que o restabelecimento da Turquia com a Ásia é mais um complemento e fortalece suas relações com o Ocidente.
relazioni asiatiche della Turchia - Il cambiamento della politica estera Dopo la guerra fredda Turchia e Occidente hanno perso gli interessi reciproci e la percezione delle minacce, soprattutto nei confronti della Russia. I paesi occidentali ora sono preoccupati per l'ascesa della Cina e stanno cercando nuovi alleati nella regione Asia-Pacifico, lasciando che la Turchia affronti da sola la Russia e le crisi, come ria, Libia, Iraq e Azerbaigian. In assenza dei suoi alleati occidentali, la Turchia ha collaborato da sola con la Russia per deconfigurare e stabilizzare queste regioni. Ma l'AK, il partito conservatore al potere in Turchia, ha vinto le elezioni dal 2002 al 2012 come parte di una forte agenda pro-Ue e pro-occidentale, e ora parla di "autonomia strategica", "multidimensionalità", "diversificazione" o "mondo più di cinque. "I nuovi gesti di politica estera sono sostenuti dal rilancio dell'industria della difesa nazionale, dalla politica nazionalista interna e dall'espansione dei rapporti commerciali con le principali economie asiatiche, come Cina, India e Indonesia. A livello internazionale, il partito al potere ha strumentalizzato forti critiche all'Occidente per l'ingiustizia e la trascuratezza del mondo musulmano e non occidentale turco. Sebbene questo assomigli ai tentativi falliti della Turchia di passare da una politica estera orientata verso l'Occidente a una direzione sconosciuta, il libro sostiene che la ripresa del legame tra la Turchia e l'Asia è più che altro complementare e rafforzare i suoi rapporti con l'Occidente.
Die asiatischen Beziehungen der Türkei: Außenpolitischer Wandel Nach dem Kalten Krieg haben die Türkei und der Westen ihre gegenseitigen Interessen und ihre Wahrnehmung von Bedrohungen vor allem gegenüber Russland verloren. Die westlichen Länder sind nun besorgt über den Aufstieg Chinas und suchen nach neuen Verbündeten im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum, so dass die Türkei mit Russland und Krisen wie in Syrien, Libyen, Irak und Aserbaidschan unabhängig umgehen kann. In Abwesenheit ihrer westlichen Verbündeten hat die Türkei allein mit Russland zusammengearbeitet, um diese Regionen zu dekonflikten und zu stabilisieren. Die in der Türkei regierende konservative AK-Partei gewann jedoch die Wahlen von 2002 bis 2012 im Rahmen einer starken pro-EU und pro-westlichen Agenda und spricht nun von "strategischer Autonomie", "Multidimensionalität", "Diversifizierung" oder "einer Welt von mehr als fünf. Die neuen außenpolitischen Gesten werden durch den Aufstieg der heimischen Verteidigungsindustrie, die nationalistische Innenpolitik und den Ausbau der Handelsbeziehungen mit wichtigen asiatischen Volkswirtschaften wie China, Indien und Indonesien verstärkt. International instrumentalisierte die Regierungspartei die starke Kritik des Westens an der Ungerechtigkeit und Missachtung der türkischen muslimischen und nicht-westlichen Welt. Während dies an die gescheiterten Versuche der Türkei erinnert, von einer westlich orientierten Außenpolitik in eine unbekannte Richtung zu gehen, argumentiert das Buch, dass die Wiederherstellung der Verbindung der Türkei mit Asien die Beziehungen zum Westen eher ergänzt und stärkt.
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Türkiye'nin Asya İlişkileri: Dış Politikada Değişim Soğuk Savaş'tan bu yana Türkiye ve Batı, özellikle Rusya'ya karşı karşılıklı çıkar ve tehdit algılarını kaybetti. Batılı ülkeler şimdi Çin'in yükselişiyle meşguller ve Asya-Pasifik bölgesinde yeni müttefikler arıyorlar, Türkiye'yi Rusya ile ve Suriye, Libya, Irak ve Azerbaycan gibi krizlerle kendi başına başa çıkmaya bırakıyorlar. Batılı müttefiklerinin yokluğunda Türkiye, bu bölgeleri çatışmasızlaştırmak ve istikrara kavuşturmak için Rusya ile tek başına angaje oldu. Bununla birlikte, Türkiye'nin iktidardaki muhafazakar AK Partisi, AB ve Batı yanlısı güçlü bir gündem altında 2002'den 2012'ye kadar seçimleri kazandı ve şimdi "stratejik özerklik",'çok boyutluluk " çeşitlilik "veya" beşten fazla bir dünya'dan bahsediyor. Yeni dış politika jestleri, iç savunma endüstrisinin yükselişi, evdeki milliyetçi politikalar ve Çin, Hindistan ve Endonezya gibi önemli Asya ekonomileri ile genişletilmiş ticari ilişkiler ile destekleniyor. Uluslararası alanda, iktidar partisi, Türk Müslüman ve Batılı olmayan dünyanın adaletsizliği ve ihmaline yönelik güçlü Batı eleştirisini araçsallaştırdı. Kitap, Türkiye'nin Batı odaklı bir dış politikadan bilinmeyen bir yöne kayma yönündeki başarısız girişimlerini anımsatmakla birlikte, Türkiye'nin Asya ile bağlarını yeniden kurmasının daha ziyade Batı ile ilişkilerini tamamlayıp güçlendirdiğini savunuyor.
العلاقات الآسيوية التركية: تحول في السياسة الخارجية منذ الحرب الباردة، فقدت تركيا والغرب مصالحهما المشتركة وتصوراتهما للتهديدات، خاصة ضد روسيا. الدول الغربية منشغلة الآن بصعود الصين وتبحث عن حلفاء جدد في منطقة آسيا والمحيط الهادئ، تاركة تركيا للتعامل مع روسيا والأزمات مثل سوريا وليبيا والعراق وأذربيجان بمفردها. في غياب حلفائها الغربيين، انخرطت تركيا بمفردها مع روسيا لإزالة الصراع وتحقيق الاستقرار في هذه المناطق. ومع ذلك، فاز حزب العدالة والتنمية الحاكم في تركيا بالانتخابات من عام 2002 إلى عام 2012 في ظل أجندة قوية مؤيدة للاتحاد الأوروبي وموالية للغرب، ويتحدث الآن عن "الحكم الذاتي الاستراتيجي" أو "تعدد الأبعاد" أو "التنويع" أو "عالم يضم أكثر من خمسة. "إن إيماءات السياسة الخارجية الجديدة مدعومة بصعود صناعة الدفاع المحلية، والسياسات القومية في الداخل، وتوسيع العلاقات التجارية مع الاقتصادات الآسيوية الرئيسية مثل الصين والهند وإندونيسيا. على الصعيد الدولي، استخدم الحزب الحاكم الانتقادات الغربية القوية لظلم وإهمال العالم التركي الإسلامي وغير الغربي. بينما يذكرنا الكتاب بمحاولات تركيا الفاشلة للتحول من السياسة الخارجية ذات التوجه الغربي إلى اتجاه غير معروف، يجادل الكتاب بأن استعادة علاقات تركيا مع آسيا تكمل وتعزز علاقاتها مع الغرب.

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