BOOKS - Italy's Eighteenth Century: Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour
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Italy's Eighteenth Century: Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour
Author: Paula Findlen
Year: January 9, 2009
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 34 MB
Language: English



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The Plot of Italy's Eighteenth Century Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour In the 18th century, Italy was a hub of cultural and intellectual activity, attracting foreign visitors from all over Europe who came to experience its rich history, art, and society. The Grand Tour, as it was known, was a rite of passage for young aristocrats and intellectuals, offering them a chance to discover the beauty and sophistication of Italy's ruins, paintings, salons, cafes, and opera. However, what these visitors found most remarkable was not just the art and architecture but the people they encountered - both male and female. In an era where castrati were rock stars and men served as cicisbei and dandified Englishmen became macaroni, Italy was perceived as a place where men became women. This book delves into the social and cultural landscape of 18th-century Italy, exploring how questions of gender influenced perceptions of the country during this time. It examines how women played a significant role in shaping the cultural and intellectual scene, with female poets, journalists, artists, anatomists, and scientists making their mark in salons, academies, and universities across many Italian cities.
The Plot of Italy's Eighteenth Century Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour В XVIII веке Италия была центром культурной и интеллектуальной деятельности, привлекая иностранных гостей со всей Европы, которые приехали, чтобы испытать ее богатую историю, искусство и общество. Grand Tour, как было известно, был обрядом прохода для молодых аристократов и интеллектуалов, предлагая им шанс открыть для себя красоту и изысканность руин Италии, картин, салонов, кафе, оперы. Однако наиболее примечательным для этих посетителей было не только искусство и архитектура, но и люди, с которыми они столкнулись - как мужчины, так и женщины. В эпоху, когда кастрати были рок-звездами, а мужчины служили цисисбеем, а щегольские англичане становились макаронами, Италия воспринималась как место, где мужчины становились женщинами. Эта книга углубляется в социальный и культурный ландшафт Италии XVIII века, исследуя, как вопросы пола влияли на восприятие страны в это время. В нем исследуется, как женщины сыграли значительную роль в формировании культурной и интеллектуальной сцены: женщины-поэты, журналисты, художники, анатомы и ученые отметились в салонах, академиях и университетах многих итальянских городов.
The Plot of Italy's Eighteenth Century Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour Au XVIIIe siècle, l'Italie était un centre d'activités culturelles et intellectuelles, attirant des visiteurs étrangers de toute l'Europe venus découvrir sa riche histoire, son art et sa société. Comme on le savait, le Grand Tour était un rite de passage pour les jeunes aristocrates et intellectuels, leur offrant la chance de découvrir la beauté et le raffinement des ruines de l'Italie, des peintures, des salons, des cafés, de l'opéra. Cependant, le plus remarquable pour ces visiteurs était non seulement l'art et l'architecture, mais aussi les gens qu'ils ont rencontrés - hommes et femmes. À une époque où les castrats étaient des stars du rock et que les hommes servaient de cisisbey, et que les Anglais de Schchegol devenaient des pâtes, l'Italie était perçue comme un endroit où les hommes devenaient des femmes. Ce livre explore le paysage social et culturel de l'Italie du XVIIIe siècle en explorant comment les questions de genre ont influencé la perception du pays à cette époque. Il examine comment les femmes ont joué un rôle important dans la formation de la scène culturelle et intellectuelle : poètes, journalistes, artistes, anatomistes et scientifiques ont marqué les salons, les académies et les universités de nombreuses villes italiennes.
The Plot of Italy's Eighteenth Century Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour En el siglo XVIII, Italia fue un centro de actividades culturales e intelectuales, atrayendo invitados extranjeros de toda que vinieron a experimentar su rica historia, arte y sociedad. Grand Tour, como era conocido, era un rito de paso para jóvenes aristócratas e intelectuales, ofreciéndoles la oportunidad de descubrir la belleza y sofisticación de las ruinas de Italia, pinturas, salones, cafés, ópera. n embargo, lo más destacable para estos visitantes no sólo fue el arte y la arquitectura, sino también las personas que encontraron - tanto hombres como mujeres. En una época en la que los castrati eran estrellas del rock y los hombres servían de cisbeo, y los ingleses de Escoria se convertían en pastas, Italia era percibida como un lugar donde los hombres se convertían en mujeres. Este libro profundiza en el panorama social y cultural de la Italia del siglo XVIII, investigando cómo las cuestiones de género influyeron en la percepción del país en esta época. Explora cómo las mujeres han jugado un papel significativo en la conformación de la escena cultural e intelectual: poetas, periodistas, artistas, anatomistas y científicas se han destacado en salones, academias y universidades de muchas ciudades italianas.
The Plot of Andrew's Eighteenth Century Gender and Cultura in the Age of the Grand Tour No século XVIII, a Itália foi um centro de atividades culturais e intelectuais, atraindo visitantes estrangeiros de toda a que vieram experimentar sua rica história, arte e sociedade. Grand Tour, como era conhecido, foi um rito de passagem para jovens aristocratas e intelectuais, oferecendo-lhes a chance de descobrir a beleza e a sofisticação das ruínas da Itália, pinturas, salões, cafés, óperas. No entanto, o mais notável para esses visitantes não foi apenas a arte e a arquitetura, mas também as pessoas com quem se depararam - homens e mulheres. Na época em que os castrati eram estrelas do rock e os homens serviam como cisisbay, e os ingleses de Chechol se tornavam macarrões, a Itália era vista como um lugar onde os homens se tornavam mulheres. Este livro se aprofundou na paisagem social e cultural da Itália do século XVIII, explorando como as questões de gênero influenciavam a percepção do país nesta época. Ele investiga como as mulheres desempenharam um papel significativo na formação de uma cena cultural e intelectual: mulheres poetas, jornalistas, artistas, anatomistas e cientistas se destacaram em salões, academias e universidades de muitas cidades italianas.
The Plot of Italy's Eighteenth Century Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour Nel XVIII secolo l'Italia fu il centro delle attività culturali e intellettuali, coinvolgendo visitatori stranieri provenienti da tutta che vennero a sperimentare la sua ricca storia, arte e società. Il Grand Tour, come era noto, era un rito di passaggio per i giovani aristocratici e intellettuali, offrendo loro la possibilità di scoprire la bellezza e la raffinatezza delle rovine d'Italia, dipinti, saloni, caffè, opera. Ma la cosa più notevole per questi visitatori non era solo l'arte e l'architettura, ma anche le persone che hanno incontrato, sia gli uomini che le donne. In un'epoca in cui i Castrati erano rockstar e gli uomini servivano come cisisbei, e gli inglesi di Szege diventavano macaroni, l'Italia era vista come un luogo dove gli uomini diventavano donne. Questo libro approfondisce il panorama sociale e culturale dell'Italia del XVIII secolo, esplorando come le questioni di genere influenzino la percezione del paese in quel periodo. In esso si studia come le donne abbiano svolto un ruolo importante nella formazione della scena culturale e intellettuale: donne poete, giornalisti, artisti, anatomisti e studiose si sono insediate nei saloni, nelle accademie e nelle università di molte città italiane.
The Plot of Italy 's Eighteenth Century Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour Im 18. Jahrhundert war Italien ein Zentrum kultureller und intellektueller Aktivitäten und zog ausländische Besucher aus ganz an, die gekommen waren, um seine reiche Geschichte, Kunst und Gesellschaft zu erleben. Die Grand Tour war bekanntlich ein Übergangsritus für junge Aristokraten und Intellektuelle und bot ihnen die Möglichkeit, die Schönheit und Raffinesse der Ruinen Italiens, Gemälde, Salons, Cafés und Opern zu entdecken. Am bemerkenswertesten für diese Besucher waren jedoch nicht nur Kunst und Architektur, sondern auch die Menschen, denen sie begegneten - sowohl Männer als auch Frauen. In einer Zeit, in der Kastraten Rockstars waren und Männer als Cisisbey dienten und Engländer zu Pasta wurden, wurde Italien als ein Ort wahrgenommen, an dem Männer zu Frauen wurden. Dieses Buch taucht tief in die soziale und kulturelle Landschaft Italiens des 18. Jahrhunderts ein und untersucht, wie Fragen des Geschlechts die Wahrnehmung des Landes in dieser Zeit beeinflussten. Es untersucht, wie Frauen eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Gestaltung der kulturellen und intellektuellen Szene gespielt haben: Poeten, Journalisten, Künstler, Anatomen und Wissenschaftler haben in den Salons, Akademien und Universitäten vieler italienischer Städte gefeiert.
העלילה של המגדר והתרבות במאה השמונה עשרה של איטליה בעידן הסיור הגדול במאה השמונה עשרה, איטליה הייתה מרכז של פעילות תרבותית ואינטלקטואלית, מושכת מבקרים זרים מכל רחבי אירופה שבאו לחוות את ההיסטוריה, האמנות והחברה העשירים שלה. הסיור הגדול, כפי שהיה ידוע, היה טקס מעבר לאריסטוקרטים צעירים ואינטלקטואלים, והציע להם הזדמנות לגלות את היופי והתחכום של הריסות איטליה, ציורים, סלונים, בתי קפה, אופרה. אולם, רוב המבקרים הללו לא היו רק אמנות ואדריכלות, אלא גם אנשים שנתקלו בהם - גברים ונשים כאחד. בעידן שבו קסטרטי היו כוכבי רוק וגברים שירתו כציסבים והאנגלים הפכו לפסטה, איטליה נתפסה כמקום שבו גברים הפכו לנשים. ספר זה מתעמק בנוף החברתי והתרבותי של איטליה של המאה ה-18, ובוחן כיצד שאלות של מגדר השפיעו על תפיסות המדינה בתקופה זו. היא בוחנת כיצד נשים מילאו תפקיד משמעותי בעיצוב הסצנה התרבותית והאינטלקטואלית, עם נשים משוררות, עיתונאים, אמנים, אנטומיסטים ואקדמאים המסמנים את עצמם בסלונים, אקדמיות ואוניברסיטאות בערים איטלקיות רבות.''
The Plot of Italy's Eighteenth Century Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour (Büyük Tur Çağında İtalya'nın On Sekizinci Yüzyılındaki Cinsiyet ve Kültür) 18. yüzyılda İtalya, zengin tarihini, sanatını ve toplumunu deneyimlemeye gelen Avrupa'nın her yerinden gelen yabancı ziyaretçileri çeken kültürel ve entelektüel bir etkinlik merkeziydi. Bilindiği gibi Büyük Tur, genç aristokratlar ve entelektüeller için bir geçiş ayiniydi ve onlara İtalya'nın kalıntılarının, tabloların, salonların, kafelerin, operanın güzelliğini ve karmaşıklığını keşfetme şansı verdi. Bununla birlikte, bu ziyaretçiler için en dikkat çekici şey sadece sanat ve mimari değil, aynı zamanda karşılaştıkları insanlardı - hem erkekler hem de kadınlar. Castrati'nin rock yıldızı olduğu ve erkeklerin cisisbee olarak hizmet ettiği ve şık İngilizlerin makarna olduğu bir dönemde, İtalya erkeklerin kadın olduğu bir yer olarak algılanıyordu. Bu kitap, 18. yüzyıl İtalya'sının sosyal ve kültürel manzarasını inceleyerek, cinsiyet sorularının bu süre zarfında ülke algılarını nasıl etkilediğini araştırıyor. Kadınların kültürel ve entelektüel sahneyi şekillendirmede nasıl önemli bir rol oynadığını, kadın şairlerin, gazetecilerin, sanatçıların, anatomistlerin ve akademisyenlerin kendilerini birçok İtalyan kentindeki salonlarda, akademilerde ve üniversitelerde işaretlediklerini araştırıyor.
حبكة جنس وثقافة إيطاليا في القرن الثامن عشر في عصر الجولة الكبرى في القرن الثامن عشر، كانت إيطاليا مركزًا للنشاط الثقافي والفكري، حيث اجتذبت الزوار الأجانب من جميع أنحاء أوروبا الذين جاءوا لتجربة تاريخها الغني وفنها ومجتمعها. كانت الجولة الكبرى، كما كانت معروفة، طقوس مرور للأرستقراطيين والمثقفين الشباب، مما أتاح لهم فرصة لاكتشاف جمال وتطور أنقاض إيطاليا واللوحات والصالونات والمقاهي والأوبرا. ومع ذلك، فإن أبرز هؤلاء الزوار لم يكن الفن والهندسة المعمارية فحسب، بل أيضًا الأشخاص الذين واجهوا - رجالًا ونساء. في عصر كان فيه كاستراتي من نجوم موسيقى الروك وكان الرجال بمثابة سيسبس وأصبح الإنجليز الأنيقون معكرونة، كان يُنظر إلى إيطاليا على أنها مكان أصبح فيه الرجال من النساء. يتعمق هذا الكتاب في المشهد الاجتماعي والثقافي لإيطاليا في القرن الثامن عشر، ويستكشف كيف أثرت أسئلة النوع الاجتماعي على التصورات عن البلاد خلال هذا الوقت. وهو يستكشف كيف لعبت النساء دورًا مهمًا في تشكيل المشهد الثقافي والفكري، حيث قامت الشاعرات والصحفيات والفنانات وعلماء التشريح والأكاديميات بتمييز أنفسهن في الصالونات والأكاديميات والجامعات في العديد من المدن الإيطالية.
그랜드 투어 시대에 이탈리아의 18 세기 성별과 문화의 음모 18 세기에 이탈리아는 문화 및 지적 활동의 중심지였으며 풍부한 역사, 예술 및 사회를 경험하게 된 유럽 전역의 외국인 방문객을 끌어 들였습니다. 그랜드 투어 (Grand Tour) 는 젊은 귀족들과 지식인들에게 통과 의례였으며, 이탈리아, 그림, 살롱, 카페, 오페라의 폐허의 아름다움과 정교함을 발견 할 수있는 기회를 제공했습니다. 그러나이 방문객들에게 가장 주목할만한 것은 예술과 건축뿐만 아니라 남녀 모두 그들이 만난 사람들이었습니다. 카스트 라티가 록 스타이고 남성이 시시 스비 역할을하고 영국인이 파스타가 된 시대에 이탈리아는 남성이 여성이 된 곳으로 인식되었습니다. 이 책은 18 세기 이탈리아의 사회 및 문화 환경을 탐구하여이시기에 성별에 대한 질문이 국가의 인식에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 탐구합니다. 여성 시인, 언론인, 예술가, 해부학자 및 학자들이 많은 이탈리아 도시의 살롱, 아카데미 및 대학에서 자신을 표시하면서 문화 및 지적 장면을 형성하는 데 여성이 어떻게 중요한 역할을했는지 탐구합니다.
意大利大巡回演唱會時代的八世紀性別和文化廣場在18世紀意大利是文化和知識活動的中心,吸引了來自歐洲各地的外國客人,他們前來體驗其豐富的歷史,藝術和社會。眾所周知,Grand Tour是輕貴族和知識分子的通行儀式,為他們提供了發現意大利廢墟,繪畫,沙龍,咖啡館和歌劇之美的機會。然而,對於這些遊客來說,最引人註目的是藝術和建築,還有他們所遇到的人無論男女。在卡斯特拉蒂(Castrati)是搖滾明星,男人擔任西西斯貝(Cisisbay)和什切戈利英國人成為面食的時代,意大利被認為是男人成為女人的地方。這本書深入探討了18世紀意大利的社會和文化格局,探討了此時性別問題如何影響該國的看法。它探討了女性如何在塑造文化和知識界中發揮重要作用:女性詩人,記者,藝術家,解剖學家和科學家在意大利許多城市的沙龍,學院和大學中脫穎而出。

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