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Fields from the Sea: Chinese Junk Trade with Siam during the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century (Studies on Southeast Asia) - Jennifer W. Cushman April 1, 1993 PDF  BOOKS
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Fields from the Sea: Chinese Junk Trade with Siam during the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century (Studies on Southeast Asia)
Author: Jennifer W. Cushman
Year: April 1, 1993
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 11 MB
Language: English



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The book 'Fields from the Sea Chinese Junk Trade with Siam during the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries' by Cynthia L. Cushman offers a comprehensive examination of the maritime trade between China and Siam (present-day Thailand) during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Through meticulous research and analysis, Cushman sheds light on several key aspects of China's economic development, the implementation of commercial policies by both nations, and the evolution of trade in East and Southeast Asia. The book begins by delving into the historical context of the time period, providing readers with a solid understanding of the political and economic climate that influenced the junk trade. Cushman then skillfully guides readers through the intricacies of the trade itself, highlighting the various goods exchanged between China and Siam, including tea, silk, porcelain, and other commodities. She also explores the impact of this trade on both nations, discussing how it affected their respective economies and societies. One of the most significant contributions of the book is its focus on the technological advancements that facilitated the junk trade.
Книга Синтии Л. Кушман «Fields from the Sea Chinese Junk Trade with am during the Late 18th and Early 19th Century» предлагает всесторонний анализ морской торговли между Китаем и Сиамом (нынешний Таиланд) в конце XVIII и начале XIX веков. Благодаря тщательным исследованиям и анализу, Кушман проливает свет на несколько ключевых аспектов экономического развития Китая, реализацию коммерческой политики обеими странами и развитие торговли в Восточной и Юго-Восточной Азии. Книга начинается с того, что углубляется в исторический контекст временного периода, предоставляя читателям твердое понимание политического и экономического климата, повлиявшего на торговлю мусором. Затем Кушман умело проводит читателей через тонкости самой торговли, выделяя различные товары, которыми обмениваются Китай и Сиам, включая чай, шелк, фарфор и другие товары. Она также исследует влияние этой торговли на обе страны, обсуждая, как она повлияла на их соответствующие экономики и общества. Одним из наиболее значительных вкладов книги является ее внимание к технологическим достижениям, которые способствовали торговле мусором.
livre de Cynthia L. Kushman, Fields from the Sea Chinese Junk Trade with am during the Late 18th and Early 19th Century, propose une analyse complète du commerce maritime entre la Chine et le am (Thaïlande actuelle) à la fin du XVIIIe et au début du XIXe siècle. Grâce à des recherches et des analyses approfondies, Kushman met en lumière plusieurs aspects essentiels du développement économique de la Chine, la mise en œuvre des politiques commerciales des deux pays et le développement du commerce en Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est. livre commence par approfondir le contexte historique de la période temporelle, en fournissant aux lecteurs une bonne compréhension du climat politique et économique qui a influencé le commerce des ordures. Puis Kushman guide habilement les lecteurs à travers les subtilités du commerce lui-même, en distinguant les différents produits échangés par la Chine et le am, y compris le thé, la soie, la porcelaine et d'autres produits. Elle examine également l'impact de ce commerce sur les deux pays, en discutant de son impact sur leurs économies et sociétés respectives. L'une des contributions les plus importantes du livre est son attention sur les progrès technologiques qui ont contribué au commerce des ordures.
libro de Cynthia L. Kushman «Fields from the Sea Chinese Junk Trade with am during the Late 18th and Early 19th Century» ofrece un análisis exhaustivo del comercio marítimo entre China y am (actual Tailandia) en finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX. A través de investigaciones y análisis exhaustivos, Kushman arroja luz sobre varios aspectos clave del desarrollo económico de China, la implementación de políticas comerciales por ambos países y el desarrollo del comercio en Asia oriental y sudoriental. libro comienza profundizando en el contexto histórico del periodo temporal, proporcionando a los lectores una comprensión firme del clima político y económico que ha afectado al comercio de basura. Entonces, Kushman guía hábilmente a los lectores a través de las sutilezas del propio comercio, destacando los diversos bienes que China y am intercambian, incluyendo té, seda, porcelana y otros bienes. También explora el impacto de este comercio en ambos países, discutiendo cómo ha afectado a sus respectivas economías y sociedades. Una de las aportaciones más significativas del libro es su atención a los avances tecnológicos que han facilitado el comercio de basura.
O livro de Cynthia L. Kushman «Fields from the Sea Chinese Junk Trade with am during the Late 18th and Early 19th Century» oferece uma análise completa do comércio marítimo entre a China e o am (atual Tailândia) no final do século XVIII e início do século XIX. Através de rigorosas pesquisas e análises, Kushman lança luz sobre vários aspectos fundamentais do desenvolvimento econômico da China, a implementação de políticas comerciais por ambos os países e o desenvolvimento do comércio no leste e sudeste da Ásia. O livro começa por se aprofundar no contexto histórico do tempo, oferecendo aos leitores uma compreensão firme do clima político e econômico que afetou o comércio de lixo. Em seguida, Kushman é capaz de guiar os leitores através das sutilezas do próprio comércio, destacando os diversos produtos trocados pela China e am, incluindo chá, seda, porcelana e outros produtos. Ela também está explorando o impacto deste comércio nos dois países, discutindo como ele afetou suas respectivas economias e sociedades. Uma das contribuições mais significativas do livro é sua atenção aos avanços tecnológicos que contribuíram para o comércio de lixo.
Il libro di Cynthia L. Kushman «Fields from the Sea Chinese Junk Trade with am during the Late 18th and Early 19th Century» offre un'analisi completa del commercio navale tra Cina e am (la Thailandia attuale) alla fine del XVIII e inizio del XIX secolo. Attraverso approfondite ricerche e analisi, Kushman mette in luce alcuni aspetti chiave dello sviluppo economico della Cina, l'attuazione delle politiche commerciali da parte di entrambi i paesi e lo sviluppo del commercio nell'est e nel sud-est asiatico. Il libro inizia approfondendo il contesto storico del periodo temporale, fornendo ai lettori una forte comprensione del clima politico ed economico che ha influenzato il commercio dei rifiuti. Poi Kushman ha saputo condurre i lettori attraverso le finezze del commercio stesso, evidenziando i vari prodotti scambiati da Cina e am, tra cui tè, seta, porcellana e altri prodotti. Sta anche esplorando l'impatto di questo commercio su entrambi i paesi, discutendo di come ha influenzato le rispettive economie e società. Uno dei contributi più importanti del libro è la sua attenzione ai progressi tecnologici che hanno contribuito al commercio dei rifiuti.
Cynthia L. Cushmans Buch „Fields from the Sea Chinese Junk Trade with am during the Late 18th and Early 19th Century“ bietet eine umfassende Analyse des Seehandels zwischen China und am (dem heutigen Thailand) im späten 18. und frühen 19. Jahrhundert. Durch sorgfältige Forschung und Analyse beleuchtet Cushman mehrere Schlüsselaspekte der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung Chinas, die Umsetzung der Handelspolitik beider Länder und die Entwicklung des Handels in Ost- und Südostasien. Das Buch beginnt mit einem Einblick in den historischen Kontext der Zeit und bietet den sern einen soliden Einblick in das politische und wirtschaftliche Klima, das den Müllhandel beeinflusst hat. Cushman führt die ser dann geschickt durch die Feinheiten des Handels selbst und hebt die verschiedenen Waren hervor, die zwischen China und am ausgetauscht werden, darunter Tee, Seide, Porzellan und andere Waren. e untersucht auch die Auswirkungen dieses Handels auf beide Länder und diskutiert, wie er ihre jeweiligen Volkswirtschaften und Gesellschaften beeinflusst hat. Einer der bedeutendsten Beiträge des Buches ist sein Fokus auf die technologischen Fortschritte, die den Müllhandel gefördert haben.
”שדות מסחר הזבל הסיני עם סיאם בשלהי המאה ה-18 ותחילת המאה ה-19” של סינתיה ל 'קושמן מציע ניתוח מקיף של הסחר הימי בין סין וסיאם (תאילנד של ימינו) בסוף המאה ה-18 ותחילת המאה ה-19. באמצעות מחקר וניתוח קפדני, קושמן שופך אור על כמה היבטים מרכזיים של ההתפתחות הכלכלית של סין, יישום המדיניות המסחרית של שתי המדינות ופיתוח הסחר במזרח ובדרום-מזרח אסיה. הספר מתחיל בהתעמקות בהקשר ההיסטורי של תקופת הזמן, ומספק לקוראים הבנה מוצקה של האקלים הפוליטי והכלכלי שהשפיע על סחר הזבל. לאחר מכן מדריך קושמן במיומנות את הקוראים דרך המורכבות של המסחר עצמו, והדגיש את הסחורות השונות שהוחלפו בין סין לסיאם, כולל תה, משי, חרסינה וסחורות אחרות. היא גם בוחנת את ההשפעה של סחר זה על שתי המדינות, דנה כיצד הוא השפיע על הכלכלות והחברות שלהן. אחת התרומות המשמעותיות ביותר של הספר היא התמקדותו בהתקדמות הטכנולוגית שהקלה על סחר הזבל.''
Cynthia L. Cushman'ın "Geç 18. yüzyıl ve Erken 19. yüzyıl boyunca am ile Deniz Çin Önemsiz Ticaret Alanları", 18. yüzyılın sonlarında ve 19. yüzyılın başlarında Çin ve am (bugünkü Tayland) arasındaki deniz ticaretinin kapsamlı bir analizini sunar. Dikkatli araştırma ve analiz yoluyla Cushman, Çin'in ekonomik kalkınmasının, her iki ülke tarafından ticari politikaların uygulanmasının ve Doğu ve Güneydoğu Asya'daki ticaretin gelişmesinin birkaç önemli yönüne ışık tutuyor. Kitap, dönemin tarihsel bağlamını inceleyerek başlıyor ve okuyuculara çöp ticaretini etkileyen politik ve ekonomik iklimi sağlam bir şekilde anlamalarını sağlıyor. Cushman, daha sonra, çay, ipek, porselen ve diğer metalar da dahil olmak üzere Çin ile yam arasında değiş tokuş edilen çeşitli metaları vurgulayarak, okuyucuları ticaretin karmaşıklıkları konusunda ustalıkla yönlendirir. Ayrıca, bu ticaretin her iki ülke üzerindeki etkisini araştırıyor ve kendi ekonomilerini ve toplumlarını nasıl etkilediğini tartışıyor. Kitabın en önemli katkılarından biri, çöp ticaretini kolaylaştıran teknolojik gelişmelere odaklanmasıdır.
سينثيا كوشمان «حقول من البحر الصينية تجارة القمامة مع سيام خلال أواخر القرن الثامن عشر وأوائل القرن التاسع عشر» يقدم تحليلا شاملا للتجارة البحرية بين الصين وسيام (تايلاند الحالية) في أواخر القرن الثامن عشر وأوائل القرن التاسع عشر. من خلال البحث والتحليل الدقيق، يسلط كوشمان الضوء على العديد من الجوانب الرئيسية للتنمية الاقتصادية للصين، وتنفيذ السياسات التجارية من قبل كلا البلدين، وتطوير التجارة في شرق وجنوب شرق آسيا. يبدأ الكتاب بالخوض في السياق التاريخي للفترة الزمنية، مما يوفر للقراء فهمًا قويًا للمناخ السياسي والاقتصادي الذي أثر على تجارة القمامة. ثم يرشد كوشمان القراء بمهارة من خلال تعقيدات التجارة نفسها، ويسلط الضوء على السلع المختلفة المتبادلة بين الصين وسيام، بما في ذلك الشاي والحرير والخزف والسلع الأخرى. كما تستكشف تأثير هذه التجارة على كلا البلدين، وتناقش كيف أثرت على اقتصادات ومجتمعاتهما. من أهم مساهمات الكتاب تركيزه على التطورات التكنولوجية التي سهلت تجارة القمامة.
Cynthia L. Cushman의 "18 세기 후반과 19 세기 초 시암과의 중국 정크 무역 분야" 는 18 세기 후반과 19 세기 초 중국과 시암 (현재 태국) 간의 해양 무역에 대한 포괄적 인 분석을 제공합니다. Cushman은 신중한 연구와 분석을 통해 중국 경제 발전, 양국의 상업 정책 구현, 동아시아 및 동남아시아 무역 발전의 여러 주요 측면을 조명합니다. 이 책은 시대의 역사적 맥락을 탐구하여 독자들에게 쓰레기 거래에 영향을 미치는 정치적, 경제적 분위기에 대한 확실한 이해를 제공합니다. Cushman은 무역 자체의 복잡성을 통해 독자들을 능숙하게 안내하며 차, 실크, 도자기 및 기타 상품을 포함하여 중국과 시암 사이에서 교환되는 다양한 상품을 강조합니다. 그녀는 또한이 무역이 양국에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 그것이 각자의 경제와 사회에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지 논의합니다. 이 책의 가장 중요한 공헌 중 하나는 쓰레기 거래를 촉진하는 기술 발전에 중점을두고 있습니다.
辛西婭·庫什曼(Cynthia L. Cushman)的著作《與暹羅一起深入18世紀和19世紀初的中國垃圾貿易領域》對18世紀末和19世紀初中國與暹羅(今泰國)之間的海上貿易進行了全面分析。通過深入的研究和分析,庫什曼闡明了中國經濟發展、兩國實施商業政策以及東亞和東南亞貿易發展的幾個關鍵方面。這本書首先深入探討了臨時時期的歷史背景,為讀者提供了對影響垃圾貿易的政治和經濟環境的堅定見解。然後,庫什曼巧妙地引導讀者了解貿易本身的微妙之處,突出了中國和暹羅交換的各種商品,包括茶,絲綢,瓷器和其他商品。她還探討了這種貿易對兩個國家的影響,討論了它如何影響各自的經濟和社會。這本書最重要的貢獻之一是它對促進垃圾貿易的技術進步的關註。

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