BOOKS - The New Leviathans: Thoughts After Liberalism
The New Leviathans: Thoughts After Liberalism - John Gray September 7, 2023 PDF  BOOKS
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The New Leviathans: Thoughts After Liberalism
Author: John Gray
Year: September 7, 2023
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 1.7 MB
Language: English



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Through a fresh interpretation of Thomas Hobbes' seminal work, "Leviathan Gray invites us to confront the harsh realities of history and the present, questioning our assumptions about progress and the future. In this detailed description of the plot, we'll explore the book's central themes and their implications for humanity's survival. The Collapse of Liberal Ideals Gray begins by acknowledging the collapse of the Soviet Union as a triumph of liberal ideals, but he argues that this victory has not led to the expected era of peace and prosperity. Instead, the world has witnessed a proliferation of tyranny, nationalism, and unreason, with terrible events and poisonous ideas flourishing. He suggests that these phenomena are not aberrations but rather an inevitable consequence of human nature.
Благодаря свежей интерпретации основополагающей работы Томаса Гоббса, «Левиафан» Грей предлагает нам противостоять суровым реалиям истории и настоящего, ставя под сомнение наши предположения о прогрессе и будущем. В этом подробном описании сюжета мы рассмотрим центральные темы книги и их последствия для выживания человечества. Распад либеральных идеалов Грей начинает с признания распада Советского Союза триумфом либеральных идеалов, но он утверждает, что эта победа не привела к ожидаемой эре мира и процветания. Вместо этого мир стал свидетелем распространения тирании, национализма и неразумия, с ужасными событиями и процветающими ядовитыми идеями. Он предполагает, что эти явления не являются аберрациями, а скорее неизбежным следствием человеческой природы.
Grâce à une nouvelle interprétation de l'œuvre fondatrice de Thomas Hobbes, « viathan » Grey nous invite à affronter les dures réalités de l'histoire et du présent en remettant en question nos hypothèses de progrès et d'avenir. Dans cette description détaillée de l'histoire, nous examinerons les thèmes centraux du livre et leurs conséquences pour la survie de l'humanité. L'effondrement des idéaux libéraux de Grey commence par reconnaître l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique comme un triomphe des idéaux libéraux, mais il affirme que cette victoire n'a pas conduit à l'ère attendue de paix et de prospérité. Au lieu de cela, le monde a été témoin de la propagation de la tyrannie, du nationalisme et de la déraisonnabilité, avec des événements horribles et des idées toxiques florissantes. Il suggère que ces phénomènes ne sont pas des aberrations, mais plutôt une conséquence inévitable de la nature humaine.
Gracias a una nueva interpretación de la obra fundacional de Thomas Hobbs, «viathan» Gray nos invita a enfrentar las duras realidades de la historia y el presente, cuestionando nuestras suposiciones sobre el progreso y el futuro. En esta descripción detallada de la trama abordaremos los temas centrales del libro y sus implicaciones para la supervivencia de la humanidad. La desintegración de los ideales liberales Grey comienza por reconocer el colapso de la Unión Soviética como un triunfo de los ideales liberales, pero sostiene que esta victoria no condujo a la esperada era de paz y prosperidad. En cambio, el mundo ha sido testigo de la propagación de la tiranía, el nacionalismo y la irrazonabilidad, con acontecimientos terribles e ideas venenosas prósperas. Sugiere que estos fenómenos no son aberraciones, sino una consecuencia inevitable de la naturaleza humana.
Graças à interpretação recente do trabalho fundamental de Thomas Gobbs, «viatã» Grey propõe-nos que enfrentemos as realidades severas da história e do presente, questionando nossas suposições sobre o progresso e o futuro. Nesta descrição detalhada da história, vamos abordar os temas centrais do livro e suas consequências para a sobrevivência humana. A desintegração dos ideais liberais de Grey começa por reconhecer a dissolução da União Soviética como um triunfo dos ideais liberais, mas ele afirma que esta vitória não levou a uma era esperada de paz e prosperidade. Em vez disso, o mundo assistiu à propagação da tirania, do nacionalismo e da irracionalidade, com eventos terríveis e ideias venenosas e prósperas. Ele sugere que estes fenômenos não são aberrações, mas uma consequência inevitável da natureza humana.
Mit einer frischen Interpretation der grundlegenden Arbeit von Thomas Hobbes lädt viathan Grey uns ein, uns den harten Realitäten von Geschichte und Gegenwart zu stellen und unsere Annahmen über Fortschritt und Zukunft in Frage zu stellen. In dieser detaillierten Beschreibung der Handlung werden wir die zentralen Themen des Buches und ihre Auswirkungen auf das Überleben der Menschheit untersuchen. Der Zerfall liberaler Ideale beginnt mit der Anerkennung des Zerfalls der Sowjetunion als Triumph liberaler Ideale, aber er argumentiert, dass dieser eg nicht zu der erwarteten Ära von Frieden und Wohlstand geführt hat. Stattdessen hat die Welt die Ausbreitung von Tyrannei, Nationalismus und Unvernunft erlebt, mit schrecklichen Ereignissen und blühenden giftigen Ideen. Er geht davon aus, dass diese Phänomene keine Verirrungen sind, sondern eine unvermeidliche Folge der menschlichen Natur.
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Thomas Hobbes'un ufuk açıcı çalışmasının yeni bir yorumuyla Gray'in viathan'ı bizi tarihin ve günümüzün acı gerçekleriyle yüzleşmeye, ilerleme ve gelecekle ilgili varsayımlarımızı sorgulamaya davet ediyor. Arsanın bu ayrıntılı açıklamasında, kitabın ana temalarını ve bunların insanlığın hayatta kalması için sonuçlarını ele alacağız. Gray, Sovyetler Birliği'nin çöküşünü liberal ideallerin bir zaferi olarak kabul ederek liberal ideallerin çöküşünü başlatır, ancak bu zaferin beklenen barış ve refah dönemine yol açmadığını savunur. Bunun yerine, dünya tiranlığın, milliyetçiliğin ve akılsızlığın yayılmasına tanık oldu, korkunç olaylar ve zehirli fikirler gelişti. Bu fenomenlerin sapmalar değil, insan doğasının kaçınılmaz bir sonucu olduğunu öne sürüyor.
بتفسير جديد لعمل توماس هوبز الأساسي، يدعونا لوياثان من غراي إلى مواجهة الحقائق القاسية للتاريخ والحاضر، متسائلاً عن افتراضاتنا حول التقدم والمستقبل. في هذا الوصف التفصيلي للحبكة، سننظر في الموضوعات المركزية للكتاب وعواقبها على بقاء البشرية. يبدأ غراي انهيار المثل الليبرالية من خلال الاعتراف بانهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي باعتباره انتصارًا للمثل الليبرالية، لكنه يجادل بأن هذا الانتصار لم يؤد إلى الحقبة المتوقعة من السلام والازدهار. وبدلاً من ذلك، شهد العالم انتشار الاستبداد والقومية وعدم الذكاء، مع ازدهار الأحداث الرهيبة والأفكار السامة. ويشير إلى أن هذه الظواهر ليست انحرافات، بل هي نتيجة حتمية للطبيعة البشرية.

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