The book describes the history of the Qing Empire and the Kazakh Khanates in the second half of the 18th century and the first third of the 19th century. The book "Цинская империя и казахские ханства Вторая половина XVIII первая треть XIX в" (Qing Empire and Kazakh Khanates in the Second Half of the 18th Century and the First Third of the 19th Century) is a comprehensive historical work that delves into the complex and intriguing history of these two powerful empires and their interactions during a pivotal period in world history. The book is divided into two parts, with the first part focusing on the Qing Empire and the second part exploring the history of the Kazakh Khanates. Part One: The Qing Empire The Qing Empire, also known as the Manchu Empire, was founded by the Manchu people in the early 17th century. At its peak, it was one of the largest empires in history, spanning across three continents and encompassing over 40 million people. The empire was known for its advanced technology, military prowess, and cultural achievements. However, the empire's decline began in the late 18th century, marked by internal strife, corruption, and foreign invasions. Chapter 1: The Rise of the Qing Empire The Qing Empire rose to power through a series of military conquests and strategic alliances.

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