BOOKS - An Age to Work: Working-Class Childhood in Third Republic Paris
An Age to Work: Working-Class Childhood in Third Republic Paris - Miranda Sachs May 2, 2023 PDF  BOOKS
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An Age to Work: Working-Class Childhood in Third Republic Paris
Author: Miranda Sachs
Year: May 2, 2023
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 8.2 MB
Language: English



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An Age to Work: Working-Class Childhood in Third Republic Paris In the final decades of the nineteenth century, the French Third Republic made a concerted effort to carve out childhood as a distinct legal and social category. Prior to this, working-class girls and boys had labored and trained alongside adults, but the government was concerned about the future citizens and sought to expand access to education, regulate child labor, and develop child welfare programs. These policies aimed to distinguish the youthful worker from the adult worker and the juvenile delinquent from the adult criminal by emphasizing age as a universal stage of life. However, these efforts also reproduced inequalities in the experience of childhood. In "An Age to Work Miranda Sachs examines the role of the welfare state in reinforcing class and gender-based divisions within childhood. She argues that agents of the welfare state, such as child labor inspectors and social workers, played a crucial role in standardizing the path from childhood to the workforce.
Возраст для работы: детство рабочего класса в третьей республике Париж В последние десятилетия девятнадцатого века французская третья республика предприняла согласованные усилия по выделению детства в отдельную правовую и социальную категорию. До этого девочки и мальчики из рабочего класса трудились и обучались вместе со взрослыми, но правительство было обеспокоено будущими гражданами и стремилось расширить доступ к образованию, регулировать детский труд и разработать программы по защите детей. Эта политика была направлена на то, чтобы отличить молодого работника от взрослого работника и несовершеннолетнего преступника от взрослого преступника, подчеркивая возраст как универсальный этап жизни. Однако эти усилия также воспроизводили неравенство в опыте детства. В книге «A Age to Work» Миранда Сакс рассматривает роль государства всеобщего благосостояния в укреплении классового и гендерного разделения в детстве. Она утверждает, что агенты государства всеобщего благосостояния, такие как инспекторы детского труда и социальные работники, сыграли решающую роль в стандартизации пути от детства к рабочей силе.
L'âge du travail : l'enfance de la classe ouvrière dans la troisième république de Paris Au cours des dernières décennies du XIXe siècle, la troisième république française a fait un effort concerté pour placer l'enfance dans une catégorie juridique et sociale distincte. Auparavant, les filles et les garçons de la classe ouvrière travaillaient et apprenaient avec les adultes, mais le Gouvernement s'inquiétait des futurs citoyens et s'efforçait d'améliorer l'accès à l'éducation, de réglementer le travail des enfants et de mettre en place des programmes de protection de l'enfance. Cette politique visait à distinguer un jeune travailleur d'un travailleur adulte et un délinquant mineur d'un délinquant adulte, en soulignant l'âge comme étape universelle de la vie. Mais ces efforts ont également reproduit les inégalités dans l'expérience de l'enfance. Dans A Age to Work, Miranda Sachs examine le rôle de l'État providence dans le renforcement de la division des classes et des sexes dans l'enfance. Elle affirme que les agents de l'État providence, tels que les inspecteurs du travail des enfants et les travailleurs sociaux, ont joué un rôle crucial dans la normalisation du chemin de l'enfance au travail.
Edad para el trabajo: la infancia de la clase obrera en la tercera república de París En las últimas décadas del siglo XIX, la tercera república francesa realizó un esfuerzo concertado para clasificar a la infancia en una categoría jurídica y social separada. Antes de eso, las niñas y los niños de la clase trabajadora trabajaban y aprendían con los adultos, pero el gobierno estaba preocupado por los futuros ciudadanos y buscaba mejorar el acceso a la educación, regular el trabajo infantil y desarrollar programas para proteger a los niños. Esta política tenía como objetivo distinguir a un trabajador joven de un trabajador adulto y un delincuente menor de un delincuente adulto, destacando la edad como una etapa universal de la vida. n embargo, estos esfuerzos también reprodujeron las desigualdades en la experiencia de la infancia. En el libro «A Age to Work», Miranda Sachs examina el papel del estado del bienestar en el fortalecimiento de la división de clases y género en la infancia. Afirma que los agentes del Estado de Bienestar, como los inspectores de trabajo infantil y los trabajadores sociales, han desempeñado un papel crucial en la normalización del camino de la infancia al trabajo.
Età lavorativa: l'infanzia della classe operaia nella terza repubblica di Parigi Negli ultimi decenni del diciannovesimo secolo, la terza repubblica francese ha intrapreso sforzi coerenti per assegnare l'infanzia a una categoria giuridica e sociale separata. Prima, le ragazze e i ragazzi della classe lavoratrice lavoravano e studiavano con gli adulti, ma il governo era preoccupato per i futuri cittadini e cercava di aumentare l'accesso all'istruzione, regolamentare il lavoro minorile e sviluppare programmi per la protezione dei bambini. Questa politica mirava a distinguere un giovane lavoratore da un lavoratore adulto e un criminale minorenne da un criminale adulto, sottolineando l'età come una fase universale della vita. Ma questi sforzi hanno anche riprodotto le disuguaglianze nell'esperienza dell'infanzia. Nel libro «A Age to Work», Miranda Sachs affronta il ruolo dello stato di benessere nel rafforzare la divisione tra classe e genere nell'infanzia. Sostiene che gli agenti dello stato di benessere, come gli ispettori del lavoro minorile e gli assistenti sociali, hanno avuto un ruolo cruciale nella standardizzazione del percorso dall'infanzia alla forza lavoro.
Alter für die Arbeit: Die Kindheit der Arbeiterklasse in der Dritten Republik Paris In den letzten Jahrzehnten des 19. Jahrhunderts unternahm die Dritte Französische Republik konzertierte Anstrengungen, die Kindheit in eine eigene rechtliche und soziale Kategorie einzuteilen. Zuvor arbeiteten und lernten Mädchen und Jungen aus der Arbeiterklasse zusammen mit Erwachsenen, aber die Regierung war besorgt über zukünftige Bürger und versuchte, den Zugang zu Bildung zu erweitern, Kinderarbeit zu regulieren und Kinderschutzprogramme zu entwickeln. Diese Politik zielte darauf ab, einen jungen Arbeiter von einem erwachsenen Arbeiter und einen minderjährigen Verbrecher von einem erwachsenen Verbrecher zu unterscheiden, wobei das Alter als universelle bensphase hervorgehoben wurde. Diese Bemühungen reproduzierten jedoch auch Ungleichheiten in Kindheitserfahrungen. In A Age to Work untersucht Miranda Sachs die Rolle des Wohlfahrtsstaates bei der Stärkung der Klassen- und Geschlechtertrennung in der Kindheit. e argumentiert, dass sozialstaatliche Akteure wie Kinderarbeitsinspektoren und Sozialarbeiter eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Standardisierung des Weges von der Kindheit zur Belegschaft gespielt haben.
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Çalışma yaşı: Paris'in üçüncü cumhuriyetinde işçi sınıfı çocukluğu On dokuzuncu yüzyılın son on yıllarında, Fransız üçüncü cumhuriyeti, çocukluğu ayrı bir yasal ve sosyal kategoriye ayırmak için ortak bir çaba gösterdi. Bundan önce, işçi sınıfı kız ve erkek çocukları yetişkinlerle birlikte çalıştı ve eğitildi, ancak hükümet gelecekteki vatandaşlar hakkında endişeliydi ve eğitime erişimi artırmaya, çocuk işçiliğini düzenlemeye ve çocukları korumak için programlar geliştirmeye çalıştı. Bu politika, genç bir işçiyi yetişkin bir işçiden ve genç bir suçluyu yetişkin bir suçludan ayırmaya çalıştı ve yaşın yaşamın evrensel bir aşaması olduğunu vurguladı. Bununla birlikte, bu çabalar çocukluk deneyimlerindeki eşitsizlikleri de yeniden üretti. Miranda Sachs, "Çalışma Çağı'nda refah devletinin çocukluktaki sınıf ve cinsiyet ayrımlarını güçlendirmedeki rolünü inceliyor. Çocuk iş müfettişleri ve sosyal hizmet uzmanları gibi refah devleti temsilcilerinin çocukluktan işgücüne yolculuğun standartlaştırılmasında çok önemli bir rol oynadığını savunuyor.
سن العمل: طفولة الطبقة العاملة في جمهورية باريس الثالثة في العقود الأخيرة من القرن التاسع عشر، بذلت الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة جهودًا متضافرة لفصل الطفولة إلى فئة قانونية واجتماعية منفصلة. قبل ذلك، عملت فتيات وفتيان الطبقة العاملة وتدربوا جنبًا إلى جنب مع البالغين، لكن الحكومة كانت قلقة بشأن المواطنين المستقبليين وسعت إلى زيادة الوصول إلى التعليم وتنظيم عمل الأطفال ووضع برامج لحماية الأطفال. وتسعى هذه السياسة إلى التمييز بين العامل الشاب والعامل البالغ والجاني الحدث والجاني البالغ، مع التركيز على السن كمرحلة عالمية من مراحل الحياة. ومع ذلك، فإن هذه الجهود تكرر أيضًا أوجه عدم المساواة في تجارب الطفولة. في «A Age to Work»، تدرس ميراندا ساكس دور دولة الرفاهية في تعزيز الانقسامات الطبقية والجنسانية في الطفولة. وتجادل بأن وكلاء دولة الرعاية الاجتماعية مثل مفتشي عمل الأطفال والأخصائيين الاجتماعيين لعبوا دورًا حاسمًا في توحيد الرحلة من الطفولة إلى القوى العاملة.

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