BOOKS - Ploughshares and Swords: India's Nuclear Program in the Global Cold War
Ploughshares and Swords: India
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Ploughshares and Swords: India's Nuclear Program in the Global Cold War
Author: Jayita Sarkar
Year: July 15, 2022
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 8.2 MB
Language: English



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Long detailed description of the plot: In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenges the commonly held belief that India's nuclear program was an inward-looking endeavor of secretive technocrats, instead offering a global perspective on its development during its first forty years. The book explores the close relationship between India's civilian and military nuclear programs, highlighting their connection to space technology and the ways in which they served the technopolitical aims of economic modernity and geopolitical goals of deterring adversaries. Through extensive research and analysis, Sarkar reveals how politically savvy scientists and engineers involved in the program obtained technologies, materials, and information from both superpowers in Europe and North America, maneuvering around Cold War politics and nonproliferation regime choke points. This hyperdiversification of the program allowed leaders to increase their choices, but reduced democratic accountability at home. The book provides a provocative new history with global implications, demonstrating how geopolitical and technopolitical visions shape decisions about the nation after decolonization, with consequences for the world order today.
Long detailed description of the Ploughshares: In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenge the commonwealded belief that the India's nuclear program was a inwither-looking easor of secretive technocrats, instead proposed a global perspect on its that its ther first forth 40yes yes. Книга исследует тесную связь между гражданскими и военными ядерными программами Индии, подчеркивая их связь с космическими технологиями и пути, которыми они служили технополитическим целям экономической современности и геополитическим целям сдерживания противников. Благодаря обширным исследованиям и анализу Саркар показывает, как политически подкованные ученые и инженеры, участвующие в программе, получили технологии, материалы и информацию от обеих сверхдержав в Европе и Северной Америке, маневрируя вокруг политики холодной войны и удушающих точек режима нераспространения. Эта гипердиверсификация программы позволила лидерам увеличить свой выбор, но снизила демократическую подотчетность внутри страны. Книга предоставляет провокационную новую историю с глобальными последствиями, демонстрируя, как геополитические и технополитические видения формируют решения о нации после деколонизации, с последствиями для мирового порядка сегодня.
Long detailed description of the Ploughshares: In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenge the commonwealded belief that the India's nuclear program was a inwither-looking easor of secretive technocrats, instead proposed a global perspect on its that its ther first forth 40yes yes. livre explore les liens étroits entre les programmes nucléaires civils et militaires de l'Inde, en soulignant leurs liens avec les technologies spatiales et les moyens qu'ils ont utilisés pour atteindre les objectifs technopolitiques de la modernité économique et les objectifs géopolitiques de dissuasion des opposants. Grâce à des recherches et des analyses approfondies, Sarkar montre comment les scientifiques et ingénieurs politiquement avisés qui participent au programme ont reçu des technologies, des matériaux et des informations des deux superpuissances en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, en manœuvrant autour de la politique de la guerre froide et des points asphyxiants du régime de non-prolifération. Cette hyper-différenciation du programme a permis aux dirigeants d'accroître leurs choix, mais a réduit la responsabilité démocratique à l'intérieur du pays. livre présente une nouvelle histoire provocatrice aux conséquences mondiales, montrant comment les visions géopolitiques et technopolitiques façonnent les décisions d'une nation après la décolonisation, avec des conséquences pour l'ordre mondial d'aujourd'hui.
Long detailed description of the Ploughshares: In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenge the commonwealded belief that the India's nuclear program was a inwither-looking easor of secretive technocrats, instead proposed a global perspect on its that its ther first forth 40yes yes. libro explora la estrecha relación entre los programas nucleares civiles y militares de la India, destacando su relación con la tecnología espacial y las formas en que sirvieron a los objetivos tecnopolíticos de la modernidad económica y los objetivos geopolíticos de disuasión de los opositores. A través de una amplia investigación y análisis, Sarkar muestra cómo los científicos e ingenieros políticamente expertos que participan en el programa han recibido tecnología, materiales e información de ambas superpotencias en y América del Norte, maniobrando en torno a las políticas de la Guerra Fría y los puntos asfixiantes del régimen de no proliferación. Esta hiperdiversión del programa permitió a los líderes aumentar sus opciones, pero redujo la rendición de cuentas democrática dentro del país. libro proporciona una nueva historia provocadora con implicaciones globales, demostrando cómo las visiones geopolíticas y tecnopolíticas moldean las decisiones sobre la nación después de la descolonización, con consecuencias para el orden mundial de hoy.
Long detailed description of the Ploughshares: In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenge the commonwealded belief that the India's nuclear program was a inwither-looking easor of secretive technocrats, instead proposed a global perspect on its that its ther first forth 40yes yes. O livro explora a estreita relação entre os programas nucleares civis e militares da Índia, enfatizando suas conexões com a tecnologia espacial e os caminhos que serviram aos objetivos técnicos da modernidade econômica e aos objetivos geopolíticos de dissuadir os adversários. Através de uma ampla pesquisa e análise, Sargar mostra como os cientistas e engenheiros politicamente forjados do programa receberam tecnologia, materiais e informações de ambas as superpotências na e na América do Norte, manobrando a política da Guerra Fria e pontos de asfixia do regime de não proliferação. Esta hiperdiversão permitiu que os líderes aumentassem suas escolhas, mas reduziu a responsabilização democrática no país. O livro fornece uma nova história provocadora, com consequências globais, mostrando como visões geopolíticas e tecnopolíticas formam decisões sobre a nação após a descolonização, com consequências para a ordem mundial hoje.
Long detailed description of the Ploughshares: In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenge the commonwealded belief that the India's nuclear program was a inwither-looking easor of secretive technocrats, instead proposed a global perspect on its that its ther first forth 40yes yes. Il libro esplora lo stretto legame tra i programmi nucleari civili e militari dell'India, sottolineando il loro legame con le tecnologie spaziali e il modo in cui hanno servito gli obiettivi tecnologici della modernità economica e gli obiettivi geopolitici di contenimento degli avversari. Grazie a un'ampia ricerca e analisi, la Sarkar ha dimostrato come scienziati e ingegneri politicamente aggregati abbiano acquisito tecnologie, materiali e informazioni da entrambe le superpotenze in e Nord America, manovrando le politiche della guerra fredda e i punti di soffocamento del regime di non proliferazione. Questa iperdiversione del programma ha permesso ai leader di aumentare le loro scelte, ma ha ridotto la responsabilità democratica all'interno del paese. Il libro fornisce una nuova e provocatoria storia con implicazioni globali, dimostrando come le visioni geopolitiche e tecnologiche formino le decisioni sulla nazione dopo la decolonizzazione, con le conseguenze sull'ordine mondiale di oggi.
Long detailed description of the Ploughshares: In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenge the commonwealded belief that the India's nuclear program was a inwither-looking easor of secretive technocrats, instead proposed a global perspect on its that its ther first forth 40yes yes. Das Buch untersucht die enge Verbindung zwischen Indiens zivilen und militärischen Nuklearprogrammen und unterstreicht ihre Verbindung zur Weltraumtechnologie und die Art und Weise, wie sie den technopolitischen Zielen der wirtschaftlichen Moderne und den geopolitischen Zielen der Abschreckung von Gegnern dienten. Durch umfangreiche Forschung und Analyse zeigt Sarkar, wie politisch versierte Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure, die an dem Programm beteiligt waren, Technologie, Material und Informationen von beiden Supermächten in und Nordamerika erhielten, indem sie sich um die Politik des Kalten Krieges und die erstickenden Punkte des Nichtverbreitungsregimes manövrierten. Diese Überdiversionierung des Programms ermöglichte es den Führern, ihre Auswahl zu erhöhen, verringerte jedoch die demokratische Rechenschaftspflicht im Land. Das Buch liefert eine provokante neue Geschichte mit globalen Implikationen und zeigt, wie geopolitische und technopolitische Visionen Entscheidungen über eine Nation nach der Dekolonisierung prägen, mit Folgen für die Weltordnung heute.
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Ploughshares'in uzun detaylı açıklaması: Ploughshares and Swords'da, Jayita Sarkar, Hindistan'ın nükleer programının gizli teknokratların gizli görünümlü bir kolaycısı olduğu yönündeki kamu inancına meydan okuyor, bunun yerine ilk önce 40yes evet. Kitap, Hindistan'ın sivil ve askeri nükleer programları arasındaki yakın ilişkiyi araştırıyor, uzay teknolojisiyle bağlantılarını ve ekonomik modernitenin teknopolitik hedeflerine ve düşmanları caydırmanın jeopolitik hedeflerine nasıl hizmet ettiğini vurguluyor. Sarkar, kapsamlı araştırma ve analizler yoluyla, programa dahil olan politik açıdan anlayışlı bilim insanlarının ve mühendislerin, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika'daki süper güçlerden, Soğuk Savaş politikaları ve nükleer silahların yayılmasını önleme rejiminin chokepointleri etrafında manevra yaparak teknoloji, malzeme ve bilgiyi nasıl elde ettiklerini gösteriyor. Programın bu aşırı çeşitlendirilmesi, liderlerin seçimlerini artırmalarına izin verdi, ancak evdeki demokratik hesap verebilirliği azalttı. Kitap, jeopolitik ve teknopolitik vizyonların dekolonizasyondan sonra ulus hakkındaki kararları nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve bugünkü dünya düzeni için etkilerini gösteren küresel etkileri olan kışkırtıcı yeni bir hikaye sunuyor.
وصف مفصل طويل للمحاريث: في المحاريث والسيوف، تتحدى Jayita Sarkar الاعتقاد السائد بأن البرنامج النووي الهندي كان سهلًا يتطلع إلى الداخل للتكنوقراط السريين، وبدلاً من ذلك اقترحت نظرة عالمية على أن أول 40yes نعم. يستكشف الكتاب العلاقة الوثيقة بين البرامج النووية المدنية والعسكرية في الهند، ويسلط الضوء على علاقتها بتكنولوجيا الفضاء والطرق التي خدمت بها الأهداف التكنولوجية السياسية للحداثة الاقتصادية والأهداف الجيوسياسية لردع الخصوم. من خلال البحث والتحليل المكثف، يوضح ساركار كيف حصل العلماء والمهندسون الأذكياء سياسيًا المشاركون في البرنامج على التكنولوجيا والمواد والمعلومات من كل من القوى العظمى في أوروبا وأمريكا الشمالية، والمناورة حول سياسات الحرب الباردة ونقاط الاختناق لنظام عدم الانتشار. سمح هذا التنويع المفرط للبرنامج للقادة بزيادة خياراتهم ولكنه قلل من المساءلة الديمقراطية في الداخل. يقدم الكتاب قصة جديدة استفزازية ذات آثار عالمية، يوضح كيف تشكل الرؤى الجيوسياسية والتكنولوجية السياسية القرارات المتعلقة بالأمة بعد إنهاء الاستعمار، مع ما يترتب على ذلك من آثار على النظام العالمي اليوم.
쟁기 공유에 대한 긴 상세한 설명: Plowshares와 Swords에서 Jayita Sarkar는 인도의 핵 프로그램이 비밀스러운 테크노 크라 트의 냉담한 사람이라는 공통된 믿음에 도전합니다. 이 책은 인도의 민간 핵 프로그램과 군사 핵 프로그램 사이의 밀접한 관계를 탐구하여 우주 기술과의 연관성과 경제 근대성의 기술 목표 및 적을 저지하는 지정 학적 목표를 달성하는 방법을 강조합니다. Sarkar는 광범위한 연구와 분석을 통해 프로그램에 참여한 정치적으로 정통한 과학자와 엔지니어가 어떻게 냉전 정치와 비확산 체제의 초크 포인트를 중심으로 유럽과 북미의 초강대국으로부터 기술, 재료 및 정보를 얻었는지 보여줍니다. 이 프로그램의 과도한 다각화를 통해 지도자들은 선택을 늘릴 수 있었지만 가정에서는 민주적 책임을 줄 이 책은 지정 학적 및 기술적 비전이 탈식민지 화 후 국가에 대한 결정을 형성하고 오늘날 세계 질서에 영향을 미치는 방법을 보여주는 도발적인 새로운 이야기를 제공합니다.
Long detailed description of the Ploughshares: In Ploughshares and Swords, Jayita Sarkar challenge the commonwealded belief that the India's nuclear program was a inwither-looking easor of secretive technocrats, instead proposed a global perspect on its that its ther first forth 40yes yes.該書探討了印度的民用和軍事核計劃之間的緊密聯系,強調了它們與太空技術的聯系以及它們為經濟現代性的技術政治目標以及遏制對手的地緣政治目標服務的方式。通過廣泛的研究和分析,薩卡展示了參與該計劃的政治精明的科學家和工程師如何從歐洲和北美的兩個超級大國那裏獲得技術,材料和信息,圍繞冷戰政策和不擴散制度的扼流圈進行機動。該計劃的過度分散使領導人能夠增加選擇,但降低了國內的民主問責制。這本書提供了一個具有全球影響的挑釁性新故事,展示了地緣政治和技術政治願景如何塑造非殖民化後國家的決定,對當今世界秩序產生了影響。

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