BOOKS - The Economic Government of the World
The Economic Government of the World - Martin Daunton May 11, 2023 PDF  BOOKS
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The Economic Government of the World
Author: Martin Daunton
Year: May 11, 2023
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 38 MB
Language: English



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Long detailed description of the plot: The Economic Government of the World is an epic history of money, trade, and development since 1933. In 1933, Keynes reflected on the crisis of the Great Depression, stating that "it is not intelligent, it is not beautiful, it is not just, and it does not deliver the goods. " When we wonder what to put in its place, we are extremely perplexed. We are now in a similar state of perplexity, wondering how to respond to the economic problems of the world. Martin Daunton examines the changing balance over ninety years between economic nationalism and globalization, explaining why one economic order breaks down and how another one is built. In 193, the World Monetary and Economic Conference brought together the nations of the world, but the trade and currency warfare led to economic nationalism and a turn away from globalization, culminating in war. During the Second World War, a new economic order emerged, the embedded liberalism of Bretton Woods, the International Monetary Fund, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the post-war General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
Подробное описание сюжета: Экономическое правительство мира - это эпическая история денег, торговли и развития с 1933 года. В 1933 году Кейнс размышлял о кризисе Великой депрессии, заявив, что "это не разумно, это не красиво, это не просто, и это не доставляет товары. "Когда мы задаемся вопросом, что поставить на его место, мы крайне недоумеваем. Мы сейчас находимся в подобном состоянии недоумения, задаемся вопросом, как реагировать на экономические проблемы мира. Мартин Даунтон исследует меняющийся за девяносто лет баланс между экономическим национализмом и глобализацией, объясняя, почему разрушается один экономический порядок и как строится другой. В 193 году Всемирная валютно-экономическая конференция объединила нации мира, но торговая и валютная война привели к экономическому национализму и развороту от глобализации, завершившемуся войной. Во время Второй мировой войны возник новый экономический порядок, заложенный либерализм Бреттон-Вудса, Международного валютного фонда и Международного банка реконструкции и развития, а также послевоенное Генеральное соглашение по тарифам и торговле.
Description détaillée de l'histoire : gouvernement économique du monde est une histoire épique d'argent, de commerce et de développement depuis 1933. En 1933, Keynes réfléchit à la crise de la Grande Dépression, déclarant que "ce n'est pas raisonnable, ce n'est pas beau, ce n'est pas simple, et cela ne livre pas de marchandises. "Quand on se demande quoi mettre à sa place, on est extrêmement perplexe. Nous sommes dans un tel état de confusion, nous nous demandons comment répondre aux problèmes économiques du monde. Martin Downton explore l'équilibre entre nationalisme économique et mondialisation en quatre-vingt-dix ans, expliquant pourquoi un ordre économique s'effondre et comment l'autre se construit. En 193, la Conférence économique et monétaire mondiale a rassemblé les nations du monde, mais la guerre commerciale et monétaire a conduit au nationalisme économique et à l'inversion de la mondialisation qui a abouti à la guerre. Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, un nouvel ordre économique est apparu, établi par le libéralisme de Bretton Woods, du Fonds monétaire international et de la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement, ainsi que par l'Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce d'après-guerre.
Descripción detallada de la trama: gobierno económico del mundo es una historia épica de dinero, comercio y desarrollo desde 1933. En 1933, Keynes reflexionó sobre la crisis de la Gran Depresión, afirmando que "no es razonable, no es hermoso, no es sencillo, y no entrega mercancías. "Cuando nos preguntamos qué poner en su lugar, estamos extremadamente perplejos. Ahora estamos en un estado de perplejidad similar, preguntándonos cómo responder a los problemas económicos del mundo. Martin Downton explora el equilibrio cambiante en noventa entre el nacionalismo económico y la globalización, explicando por qué se destruye un orden económico y cómo se construye otro. En 193, la Conferencia Monetaria y Económica Mundial unió a las naciones del mundo, pero la guerra comercial y monetaria llevó a un nacionalismo económico y a un retroceso de la globalización que culminó en una guerra. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial surgió un nuevo orden económico establecido por el liberalismo de Bretton Woods, el Fondo Monetario Internacional y el Banco Internacional de Reconstrucción y Desarrollo, así como el Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio de Posguerra.
Descrição detalhada da história: O governo econômico do mundo é uma história épica de dinheiro, comércio e desenvolvimento desde 1933. Em 1933, Keynes refletiu sobre a crise da Grande Depressão, afirmando que "não é razoável, não é bonito, não é fácil, e não entrega mercadorias. "Quando nos perguntamos o que colocá-lo no seu lugar, ficamos muito mal. Estamos agora num estado de perplexidade, perguntando-nos como responder aos problemas económicos do mundo. Martin Downton explora o equilíbrio entre nacionalismo econômico e globalização em noventa anos, explicando por que uma ordem económica está a ser destruída e como a outra está a ser construída. Em 193, a Conferência Económica e Monetária Mundial uniu as nações do mundo, mas a guerra comercial e cambial levou ao nacionalismo econômico e à reversão da globalização, que terminou em guerra. Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, surgiu a nova ordem econômica estabelecida pelo liberalismo de Bretton Woods, do Fundo Monetário Internacional e do Banco Internacional de Reconstrução e Desenvolvimento, e o Acordo Geral de Tarifas e Comércio do pós-guerra.
Descrizione dettagliata della storia del governo economico del mondo è una storia epocale di denaro, commercio e sviluppo dal 1933. Nel 1933 Keynes rifletteva sulla crisi della Grande Depressione, affermando che "non è saggio, non è bello, non è semplice, e non consegna merci. "Quando ci chiediamo cosa mettere al suo posto, ci domandiamo. amo in questo stato di perplessità, ci chiediamo come rispondere ai problemi economici del mondo. Martin Downton sta esplorando il mutevole equilibrio tra nazionalismo economico e globalizzazione in novant'anni, spiegando perché un ordine economico si sta deteriorando e come si sta costruendo l'altro. Nel 193 la Conferenza Monetaria ed Economica Mondiale riunì le nazioni del mondo, ma la guerra commerciale e monetaria portò al nazionalismo economico e all'inversione della globalizzazione, che si concluse con la guerra. Durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, è nato un nuovo ordine economico, messo in atto dal liberalismo di Bretton Woods, dal Fondo monetario internazionale e dalla Banca internazionale per la ricostruzione e lo sviluppo, e dall'Accordo generale sulle tariffe e il commercio del dopoguerra.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Handlung: Die Wirtschaftsregierung der Welt ist eine epische Geschichte von Geld, Handel und Entwicklung seit 1933. Im Jahr 1933 dachte Keynes über die Krise der Großen Depression nach und sagte: "Es ist nicht vernünftig, es ist nicht schön, es ist nicht einfach und es liefert keine Waren. "Wenn wir uns fragen, was wir an seine Stelle setzen sollen, sind wir extrem ratlos. Wir befinden uns jetzt in einem ähnlichen Zustand der Ratlosigkeit und fragen uns, wie wir auf die wirtschaftlichen Probleme der Welt reagieren sollen. Martin Downton untersucht das sich in neunzig Jahren verändernde Gleichgewicht zwischen wirtschaftlichem Nationalismus und Globalisierung und erklärt, warum eine Wirtschaftsordnung zusammenbricht und wie eine andere aufgebaut wird. 193 vereinte die Weltwährungs- und Wirtschaftskonferenz die Nationen der Welt, aber der Handels- und Währungskrieg führte zu wirtschaftlichem Nationalismus und einer Umkehr von der Globalisierung, die in einem Krieg gipfelte. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs entstand eine neue Wirtschaftsordnung, die vom Liberalismus von Bretton Woods, dem Internationalen Währungsfonds und der Internationalen Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung sowie dem Allgemeinen Zoll- und Handelsabkommen der Nachkriegszeit geprägt war.
Fabuła Szczegóły: Rząd Gospodarczy Świata to epicka historia pieniądza, handlu i rozwoju od 1933 roku. W roku 1933 Keynes zastanowił się nad kryzysem wielkiego kryzysu, stwierdzając, że "nie jest to rozsądne, nie jest piękne, nie jest łatwe i nie dostarcza towarów. "Kiedy zastanawiamy się, co umieścić na jego miejscu, jesteśmy niezwykle zakłopotani. Jesteśmy teraz w podobnym stanie zdumiewania, zastanawiając się, jak reagować na problemy gospodarcze świata. Martin Downton bada dziewięćdziesięcioletnią zmianę równowagi między nacjonalizmem gospodarczym a globalizacją, wyjaśniając dlaczego niszczy się jeden porządek gospodarczy i jak buduje się inny. W 193 r. Światowa Konferencja Walutowa i Gospodarcza zjednoczyła narody świata, ale wojna handlowa i walutowa doprowadziła do nacjonalizmu gospodarczego i odwrotu od globalizacji, która zakończyła się wojną. W czasie II wojny światowej pojawił się nowy porządek gospodarczy, ustanowiony przez liberalizm Bretton Woods, Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy i Międzynarodowy Bank Odbudowy i Rozwoju, a także powojenny układ ogólny w sprawie taryf celnych i handlu.
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Konu Detayı: Dünyanın Ekonomik Hükümeti, 1933'ten beri para, ticaret ve kalkınmanın destansı bir hikayesidir. 1933'te Keynes, Büyük Buhran'ın krizini yansıttı ve "makul değil, güzel değil, kolay değil ve mal teslim etmiyor. "Onun yerine ne koyacağımızı merak ettiğimizde, son derece şaşkına dönüyoruz. Şimdi benzer bir şaşkınlık içindeyiz, dünyanın ekonomik sorunlarına nasıl cevap vereceğimizi merak ediyoruz. Martin Downton, ekonomik milliyetçilik ile küreselleşme arasındaki doksan yıllık değişen dengeyi inceleyerek, bir ekonomik düzenin neden yıkıldığını ve diğerinin nasıl inşa edildiğini açıklıyor. 193'te Dünya Para ve Ekonomi Konferansı dünya uluslarını birleştirdi, ancak ticaret ve para savaşı ekonomik milliyetçiliğe ve savaşla sonuçlanan küreselleşmeden tersine dönmeye yol açtı. II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında, Bretton Woods, Uluslararası Para Fonu ve Uluslararası Yeniden Yapılanma ve Kalkınma Bankası'nın liberalizmi ve savaş sonrası Gümrük Tarifeleri ve Ticaret Genel Anlaşması ile ortaya çıkan yeni bir ekonomik düzen ortaya çıktı.
Plot Details: The Economic Government of the World هي قصة ملحمية عن المال والتجارة والتنمية منذ عام 1933. في عام 1933، تفكر كينز في أزمة الكساد الكبير، قائلاً إنه "ليس معقولاً، إنه ليس جميلاً، وليس سهلاً، ولا يسلم البضائع. "عندما نتساءل ماذا نضع مكانه، نشعر بالحيرة الشديدة. نحن الآن في حالة مماثلة من الحيرة، ونتساءل عن كيفية الاستجابة للمشاكل الاقتصادية للعالم. يدرس مارتن داونتون التوازن المتغير منذ تسعين عامًا بين القومية الاقتصادية والعولمة، موضحًا سبب تدمير نظام اقتصادي وكيف يتم بناء نظام آخر. في عام 193، وحد المؤتمر النقدي والاقتصادي العالمي أمم العالم، لكن حرب التجارة والعملات أدت إلى القومية الاقتصادية والانعكاس عن العولمة التي انتهت بالحرب. وخلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، نشأ نظام اقتصادي جديد أرسته الليبرالية في بريتون وودز وصندوق النقد الدولي والبنك الدولي للإنشاء والتعمير، فضلا عن الاتفاق العام بشأن التعريفات الجمركية والتجارة بعد الحرب.
詳細的情節描述:自1933以來,世界經濟政府一直是金錢,貿易和發展的史詩歷史。1933,凱恩斯(Keynes)反思了大蕭條危機,指出"這不合理,不漂亮,不簡單,也不提供貨物。"當我們想知道該如何取代它時,我們非常困惑。我們現在處於類似的困惑狀態,想知道如何應對世界的經濟挑戰。馬丁·唐頓(Martin Downton)探討了經濟民族主義與全球化之間九十來不斷變化的平衡,解釋了為什麼一個經濟秩序正在崩潰,以及另一個經濟秩序是如何建立的。193,世界貨幣和經濟會議使世界各國團結在一起,但貿易和貨幣戰爭導致了經濟民族主義,並因全球化而掉頭,最終導致戰爭。第二次世界大戰期間,布雷頓森林,國際貨幣基金組織和國際復興開發銀行的自由主義以及戰後關稅和貿易總協定建立了新的經濟秩序。

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