BOOKS - The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan
The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan - Iraj Bashiri May 12, 2020 PDF  BOOKS
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The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan
Author: Iraj Bashiri
Year: May 12, 2020
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.1 MB
Language: English



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The History of the Civil War in Tajikistan: A Study in Technological Evolution and Personal Paradigm Introduction: In the 10th century, the Turks separated the Tajiks, a Central Asian community, from their Iranian kinfolk. This event marked the beginning of a long and complex journey towards shaping the Tajik identity. Over the centuries, the Tajiks adopted the Hanafi faith and ethnicity as pillars of their identity, which would later become a source of conflict and struggle. Between 1920 and 1990, the Soviets attempted to alter the Tajiks' identity, but ultimately failed in changing their ideology. Instead, they became embroiled in a conflict that pitted Soviet Tajiks against radical Muslim Tajiks, who were intentionally misidentified as Wahhabis by the Soviets. The question was about the viability of enforcing the secular Soviet constitution versus the Islamic Shari'a.
История гражданской войны в Таджикистане: Исследование технологической эволюции и личной парадигмы Введение: В X веке турки отделили таджиков, центральноазиатскую общину, от своих иранских родственников. Это событие положило начало долгому и сложному пути к формированию таджикской идентичности. На протяжении веков таджики принимали ханафитскую веру и этническую принадлежность как столпы своей идентичности, которые впоследствии станут источником конфликтов и борьбы. Между 1920 и 1990 годами Советы пытались изменить идентичность таджиков, но в конечном итоге потерпели неудачу в изменении их идеологии. Вместо этого они оказались втянуты в конфликт, который столкнул советских таджиков с радикальными таджиками-мусульманами, которых Советы намеренно неверно определили как ваххабитов. Вопрос был о жизнеспособности применения светской советской конституции против исламского шариата.
Histoire de la guerre civile au Tadjikistan : Étude de l'évolution technologique et du paradigme personnel Introduction : Au Xe siècle, les Turcs ont séparé les Tadjiks, la communauté d'Asie centrale, de leurs proches iraniens. Cet événement a marqué le début d'un long et difficile chemin vers la formation d'une identité tadjike. Pendant des siècles, les Tadjiks ont adopté la foi hanafite et l'ethnicité comme piliers de leur identité, qui deviendront ensuite une source de conflits et de luttes. Entre 1920 et 1990, les Soviétiques ont essayé de changer l'identité des Tadjiks, mais ont finalement échoué à changer leur idéologie. Au lieu de cela, ils ont été entraînés dans un conflit qui a poussé les Tadjiks soviétiques contre les Tadjiks musulmans radicaux, que les Soviétiques ont délibérément mal définis comme wahhabites. La question était de savoir si la Constitution soviétique laïque était viable contre la charia islamique.
Historia de la guerra civil en Tayikistán: Estudio de la evolución tecnológica y el paradigma personal Introducción: En el siglo X, los turcos separaron a los tayikos, la comunidad centroasiática, de sus parientes iraníes. Este acontecimiento marcó el comienzo de un largo y complejo camino hacia la formación de la identidad tayika. A lo largo de los siglos, los tayikos han adoptado la fe hanafita y la etnia como pilares de su identidad, que posteriormente se convertirán en fuente de conflictos y luchas. Entre 1920 y 1990, los soviéticos intentaron cambiar la identidad de los tayikos, pero finalmente fracasaron en cambiar su ideología. En cambio, se vieron envueltos en un conflicto que enfrentó a los tayikos soviéticos con los radicales tayikos musulmanes, a quienes los soviéticos definieron deliberadamente como wahhabitas. La cuestión era la viabilidad de aplicar una constitución soviética laica contra la sharia islámica.
História da guerra civil no Tadjiquistão: Pesquisa da evolução tecnológica e paradigma pessoal Introdução: No século XX. Os turcos separaram os Taji, a comunidade da Ásia Central, dos seus familiares iranianos. Este evento deu início a um longo e complexo caminho para a formação da identidade tadjica. Durante séculos, os tajeses aceitaram a fé hanafita e a etnia como pilares de sua identidade, que depois seriam uma fonte de conflito e luta. Entre 1920 e 1990, os soviéticos tentaram mudar a identidade dos tajos, mas finalmente falharam em mudar sua ideologia. Em vez disso, foram arrastados para um conflito que empurrou os soviéticos Tajis com os muçulmanos Tajis Radicais, que os soviéticos definiram deliberadamente mal como wahabitas. A questão era a viabilidade da aplicação da constituição soviética secular contra a sharia islâmica.
Storia della guerra civile in Tajikistan: ricerca sull'evoluzione tecnologica e il paradigma personale Introduzione: Nel X secolo i turchi separarono i tajani, la comunità dell'Asia centrale, dai loro parenti iraniani. Questo evento ha dato il via a un lungo e complesso cammino verso la formazione dell'identità tajana. Nel corso dei secoli, i tajani hanno accettato la fede hanafita e l'etnia come pilastri della loro identità, che saranno poi fonte di conflitti e di lotta. Tra il 1920 e il 1990, i sovietici hanno cercato di cambiare l'identità dei tajani, ma alla fine hanno fallito nel cambiare la loro ideologia. Invece, sono stati trascinati in un conflitto che ha spinto i tajani sovietici contro i musulmani filo-russi, che i sovietici hanno deliberatamente sbagliato a definire wahabiti. La questione era la vitalità dell'applicazione della costituzione sovietica laica contro la sharia islamica.
Geschichte des Bürgerkriegs in Tadschikistan: Erforschung der technologischen Entwicklung und des persönlichen Paradigmas Einleitung: Im 10. Jahrhundert trennten die Türken die Tadschiken, die zentralasiatische Gemeinschaft, von ihren iranischen Verwandten. Dieses Ereignis markierte den Beginn eines langen und schwierigen Weges zur Bildung der tadschikischen Identität. Im Laufe der Jahrhunderte haben die Tadschiken den hanafistischen Glauben und die ethnische Zugehörigkeit als Säulen ihrer Identität akzeptiert, die später zu einer Quelle von Konflikten und Kämpfen werden. Zwischen 1920 und 1990 versuchten die Sowjets, die Identität der Tadschiken zu ändern, scheiterten aber schließlich daran, ihre Ideologie zu ändern. Stattdessen gerieten sie in einen Konflikt, der sowjetische Tadschiken mit radikalen muslimischen Tadschiken konfrontierte, die von den Sowjets absichtlich fälschlicherweise als Wahhabiten definiert wurden. Es ging um die bensfähigkeit der Anwendung der säkularen sowjetischen Verfassung gegen die islamische Scharia.
Historia wojny domowej w Tadżykistanie: Studium ewolucji technologicznej i paradygmatu osobistego Wprowadzenie: W X wieku Turcy oddzielili Tadżyków, społeczności środkowoazjatyckiej, od ich irańskich krewnych. Wydarzenie to było początkiem długiej i trudnej drogi do powstania tożsamości tadżyckiej. Przez wieki Tadżykanie uznawali wiarę i przynależność etniczną Hanafi za filary ich tożsamości, która później stała się źródłem konfliktu i walki. W latach 1920-1990 Sowieci próbowali zmienić tożsamość Tadżyków, ale ostatecznie nie zdołali zmienić ich ideologii. Zamiast tego zostali uwikłani w konflikt, który wywołał Tadżyki radzieckie przeciwko radykalnym muzułmańskim Tadżykom, których Sowieci świadomie błędnie zidentyfikowali jako Wahhabis. Pytanie dotyczyło możliwości stosowania świeckiej sowieckiej konstytucji przeciwko islamskiemu szariatowi.
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Tacikistan'daki İç Savaşın Tarihi: Teknolojik Evrim ve Kişisel Paradigma Giriş: 10. yüzyılda Türkler, Orta Asya topluluğu olan Tacikleri İranlı akrabalarından ayırdı. Bu olay Tacik kimliğinin oluşumuna giden uzun ve zor bir yolun başlangıcı oldu. Yüzyıllar boyunca Tacikler, Hanefi inancını ve etnik kökenini, daha sonra bir çatışma ve mücadele kaynağı haline gelecek olan kimliklerinin sütunları olarak kabul ettiler. 1920 ve 1990 yılları arasında Sovyetler Taciklerin kimliğini değiştirmeye çalıştı, ancak ideolojilerini değiştirmede başarısız oldu. Bunun yerine, Sovyet Taciklerini, Sovyetlerin kasıtlı olarak Vahhabi olarak yanlış tanımladığı radikal Müslüman Taciklerle karşı karşıya getiren bir çatışmaya karıştılar. Soru, laik Sovyet anayasasının İslami Şeriat'a karşı uygulanabilirliği hakkındaydı.
History of the Civil War in Tajikistan: A Study of Technologic Evolution and the Personal Paradigm Introduction: في القرن العاشر، فصل الأتراك الطاجيك، وهم مجتمع من آسيا الوسطى، عن أقاربهم الإيرانيين. وكان هذا الحدث بداية طريق طويل وصعب نحو تشكيل الهوية الطاجيكية. لقرون، قبل الطاجيك العقيدة الحنفية والعرقية كركائز لهويتهم، والتي أصبحت فيما بعد مصدرًا للصراع والنضال. بين عامي 1920 و 1990، حاول السوفييت تغيير هوية الطاجيك، لكنهم فشلوا في النهاية في تغيير أيديولوجيتهم. وبدلاً من ذلك، تورطوا في صراع حرض الطاجيك السوفييت ضد الطاجيك المسلمين المتطرفين، الذين أخطأ السوفييت في تعريفهم على أنهم وهابيون. كان السؤال حول جدوى تطبيق الدستور السوفيتي العلماني ضد الشريعة الإسلامية.
塔吉克斯坦內戰的歷史:技術演變和個人範式研究介紹:在10世紀,土耳其人將中亞社區塔吉克人與伊朗親戚分開。這一事件標誌著形成塔吉克身份的漫長而艱難的道路的開始。幾個世紀以來,塔吉克人一直接受哈納菲信仰和種族作為其身份的支柱,後來成為沖突和鬥爭的根源。在1920至1990之間,蘇聯人試圖改變塔吉克人的身份,但最終未能改變他們的意識形態。相反,他們陷入了一場沖突,這場沖突使蘇聯塔吉克人與激進的穆斯林塔吉克人發生沖突,蘇聯人故意將其誤認為瓦哈比人。問題是世俗的蘇聯憲法對伊斯蘭教法的適用是否可行。

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