BOOKS - Substitute Parents
Substitute Parents - Gillian R. Bentley June 1, 2009 PDF  BOOKS
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Substitute Parents
Author: Gillian R. Bentley
Year: June 1, 2009
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 2.0 MB
Language: English



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Substitute Parents: Understanding the Evolution of Childcare in Human Societies Introduction: Human life histories are unique, and raising offspring is particularly costly compared to other apes. With short birth intervals and long childhoods, human females face significant challenges in caring for their children. This has led to the development of substitute parents, or alternative caregivers, who help to defray the costs of childcare. In this article, we will explore the evolution of childcare in human societies and the various forms it takes, drawing on contributions from anthropologists, psychologists, animal behaviorists, evolutionary ecologists, and sociologists. Chapter 1: The Burden of Childbearing Human females bear the brunt of childrearing, with relatively short birth intervals and long childhoods compared to other apes.
Замещающие родители: Понимание эволюции ухода за детьми в человеческих обществах Введение: Истории жизни человека уникальны, и воспитание потомства особенно дорого по сравнению с другими обезьянами. С короткими интервалами родов и долгим детством человеческие женщины сталкиваются с серьезными проблемами в уходе за своими детьми. Это привело к развитию замещающих родителей или альтернативных опекунов, которые помогают покрывать расходы на уход за детьми. В этой статье мы исследуем эволюцию ухода за детьми в человеческих обществах и различные формы, которые он принимает, опираясь на вклад антропологов, психологов, бихевиористов, эволюционных экологов и социологов. Глава 1: Бремя деторождения Женщины несут основную тяжесть деторождения, с относительно короткими интервалами родов и долгим деторождением по сравнению с другими обезьянами.
Parents de remplacement : Comprendre l'évolution de la garde d'enfants dans les sociétés humaines Introduction : s histoires de la vie humaine sont uniques et l'éducation de la progéniture est particulièrement coûteuse par rapport aux autres singes. Avec de courts intervalles de naissance et une longue enfance, les femmes sont confrontées à de graves problèmes pour s'occuper de leurs enfants. Cela a conduit au développement de parents de remplacement ou de tuteurs alternatifs qui aident à couvrir les frais de garde des enfants. Dans cet article, nous étudions l'évolution de la garde d'enfants dans les sociétés humaines et les différentes formes qu'elle prend en s'appuyant sur les contributions d'anthropologues, de psychologues, de béhavioristes, d'écologistes évolutionnaires et de sociologues. Chapitre 1 : fardeau de la procréation s femmes sont les principales responsables de la procréation, avec des intervalles de naissance relativement courts et des naissances longues par rapport aux autres singes.
Padres sustitutos: Comprender la evolución del cuidado de los niños en las sociedades humanas Introducción: historias de la vida humana son únicas, y la crianza de las crías es particularmente costosa en comparación con otros simios. Con intervalos de parto cortos y una larga infancia, las mujeres humanas se enfrentan a graves problemas para cuidar a sus hijos. Esto ha llevado al desarrollo de padres sustitutos o tutores alternativos que ayudan a cubrir los costos del cuidado de los niños. En este artículo exploramos la evolución del cuidado infantil en las sociedades humanas y las diferentes formas que adopta, apoyándose en las aportaciones de antropólogos, psicólogos, bihevioristas, ecologistas evolutivos y sociólogos. Capítulo 1: La carga de la procreación mujeres soportan la mayor parte de la carga de la procreación, con intervalos de parto relativamente cortos y partos largos en comparación con otros simios.
Pais substitutos: Compreender a evolução do cuidado infantil nas sociedades humanas Introdução: As histórias de vida do homem são únicas, e a educação da prole é particularmente cara em comparação com outros macacos. Com intervalos curtos de parto e uma infância prolongada, as mulheres humanas enfrentam sérios problemas para cuidar dos filhos. Isso levou ao desenvolvimento de pais substitutos ou cuidadores alternativos que ajudam a cobrir os custos dos filhos. Neste artigo, exploramos a evolução do cuidado infantil nas sociedades humanas e as diferentes formas que ele adota, com base nas contribuições de antropólogos, psicólogos, bievioristas, ambientalistas evolucionários e sociólogos. Capítulo 1: O fardo da gestação feminina é o principal peso da gestação, com intervalos relativamente curtos de parto e uma longa gestação em comparação com outros macacos.
Genitori supplenti: comprensione dell'evoluzione della cura dei bambini nelle società umane Introduzione: storie della vita umana sono uniche e l'educazione della prole è particolarmente costosa rispetto alle altre scimmie. Con brevi intervalli di parto e una lunga infanzia, le donne umane devono affrontare seri problemi nella cura dei loro figli. Ciò ha portato allo sviluppo di genitori o tutori alternativi che aiutano a coprire le spese per la cura dei bambini. In questo articolo esploriamo l'evoluzione della cura dei bambini nelle società umane e le diverse forme che essa assume, basandosi sul contributo di antropologi, psicologi, biechevioristi, ambientalisti e sociologi evoluzionisti. Capitolo 1: Il peso della procreazione donne hanno il peso principale della procreazione, con intervalli relativamente brevi di parto e una procreazione prolungata rispetto alle altre scimmie.
Ersatzeltern: Die Evolution der Kinderbetreuung in menschlichen Gesellschaften verstehen Einleitung: Die bensgeschichten des Menschen sind einzigartig und die Aufzucht von Nachkommen ist im Vergleich zu anderen Affen besonders teuer. Mit kurzen Geburtsintervallen und langer Kindheit stehen menschliche Frauen vor großen Herausforderungen bei der Betreuung ihrer Kinder. Dies hat zur Entwicklung von Ersatzeltern oder alternativen Betreuern geführt, die helfen, die Kosten für die Kinderbetreuung zu decken. In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir die Entwicklung der Kinderbetreuung in menschlichen Gesellschaften und die verschiedenen Formen, die sie annimmt, basierend auf Beiträgen von Anthropologen, Psychologen, Behavioristen, evolutionären Ökologen und Soziologen. Kapitel 1: Die t der Geburt Frauen tragen die Hauptlast der Geburt, mit relativ kurzen Geburtsintervallen und langen Geburten im Vergleich zu anderen Affen.
Rodzice zastępcy: Zrozumienie ewolucji opieki nad dziećmi w społeczeństwach ludzkich Wprowadzenie: Historie życia człowieka są unikalne i wychowywanie potomstwa jest szczególnie drogie w porównaniu do innych małp. Dzięki krótkim okresom urodzenia i długim dzieciom kobiety stoją przed poważnymi wyzwaniami w opiece nad dziećmi. Doprowadziło to do rozwoju zastępczych rodziców lub alternatywnych opiekunów, którzy pomagają pokryć koszty opieki nad dziećmi. W tym artykule badamy ewolucję opieki nad dziećmi w społeczeństwach ludzkich i różne jej formy, wykorzystując wkład antropologów, psychologów, behawiorystów, ekologów ewolucyjnych i socjologów. Rozdział 1: Ciężar rodzenia dzieci Kobiety ponoszą ciężar rozrodu, z stosunkowo krótkimi okresami urodzenia i długimi okresami rozrodczymi w porównaniu z innymi małpami.
הורים מחליפים: הבנת האבולוציה של טיפול בילדים בחברות אנושיות מבוא: סיפורי חיי אדם הם ייחודיים וגידול צאצאים יקר במיוחד בהשוואה לקופים אחרים. עם מרווחי לידה קצרים וילדות ארוכים, נשים אנושיות מתמודדות עם קשיים רציניים בטיפול בילדיהן. הדבר הוביל לפיתוח הורים מחליפים או מטפלים חלופיים המסייעים בכיסוי עלויות הטיפול בילדים. במאמר זה, אנו חוקרים את האבולוציה של טיפול בילדים בחברות אנושיות ואת הצורות השונות שלוקח, ומושכים תרומות מאנתרופולוגים, פסיכולוגים, ביהביוריסטים, אקולוגים אבולוציוניים וסוציולוגים. פרק 1: הנטל של לידת ילדים נושא בנטל של לידת ילדים, עם מרווחי לידה קצרים יחסית ותקופות לידה ארוכות בהשוואה לקופים אחרים.''
Yedek Ebeveynler: İnsan Toplumlarında Çocuk Bakımının Evrimini Anlamak Giriş: İnsan yaşam öyküleri benzersizdir ve yavru yetiştirmek diğer maymunlara kıyasla özellikle pahalıdır. Kısa doğum aralıkları ve uzun çocukluklarla, insan kadınlar çocuklarına bakmada ciddi zorluklarla karşı karşıya. Bu, çocuk bakım masraflarını karşılamaya yardımcı olan yedek ebeveynlerin veya alternatif bakıcıların gelişmesine yol açmıştır. Bu makalede, çocuk bakımının insan toplumlarındaki evrimini ve antropologların, psikologların, davranışçıların, evrimsel ekologların ve sosyologların katkılarından yararlanarak aldığı farklı biçimleri araştırıyoruz. Bölüm 1: Doğurganlık yükü Kadınlar, diğer maymunlara kıyasla nispeten kısa doğum aralıkları ve uzun doğurganlık dönemleri ile doğurganlığın yükünü taşırlar.
الآباء البدلاء: فهم تطور رعاية الطفل في المجتمعات البشرية مقدمة: قصص الحياة البشرية فريدة من نوعها وتربية النسل مكلفة بشكل خاص مقارنة بالقرود الأخرى. مع فترات ولادة قصيرة وطفولة طويلة، تواجه النساء البشريات تحديات خطيرة في رعاية أطفالهن. وقد أدى ذلك إلى تطوير آباء بديلين أو مقدمي رعاية بديلين يساعدون في تغطية تكاليف رعاية الأطفال. في هذا المقال، نستكشف تطور رعاية الأطفال في المجتمعات البشرية والأشكال المختلفة التي تتخذها، بالاعتماد على مساهمات علماء الأنثروبولوجيا وعلماء النفس وعلماء السلوك وعلماء البيئة التطوريين وعلماء الاجتماع. الفصل 1: تحمل المرأة العبء الأكبر من الإنجاب، مع فترات ولادة قصيرة نسبيًا وفترات إنجاب طويلة مقارنة بالقرود الأخرى.
대체 부모: 인간 사회에서 육아 진화의 진화를 이해: 인간의 삶 이야기는 독특하고 자손을 키우는 것은 다른 원숭이에 비해 특히 비쌉니다. 짧은 출생 간격과 긴 어린 시절로 인간 여성은 자녀를 돌보는 데 심각한 어려움을 겪습니다. 이로 인해 보육 비용을 충당하는 대체 부모 또는 대체 간병인이 개발되었습니다. 이 기사에서 우리는 인류 학자, 심리학자, 행동 주의자, 진화 생태 학자 및 사회 학자의 기여를 바탕으로 인간 사회에서 육아의 진화와 다양한 형태를 탐구합니다. 1 장: 가임기 여성의 부담은 다른 원숭이에 비해 상대적으로 짧은 출생 간격과 긴 출산 기간으로 가임기의 야만적입니다.
代替親:人間社会における育児の進化を理解するはじめに:人間の生活物語はユニークであり、子孫を育てることは他のサルに比べて特に高価です。短い出生間隔と長い子供時代に、人間の女性は子供を世話する上で深刻な課題に直面しています。これは、育児費用をカバーする代替親や代替介護者の開発につながっています。この記事では、人類学者、心理学者、行動主義者、進化生態学者、社会学者からの貢献に基づいて、人間社会における育児の進化とそれが取るさまざまな形態を探求します。第1章:出産の負担女性は、他のサルと比較して比較的短い出産間隔と長い出産期間で、出産の支障を負います。
替代父母:了解人類社會中兒童保育的演變簡介:人類生活的故事是獨一無二的,與其他猴子相比,養育後代特別昂貴。由於分娩間隔短,童時間長,人類婦女在照顧孩子方面面臨重大挑戰。這導致了替代父母或替代監護人的發展,這些父母或替代監護人有助於支付兒童保育費用。本文利用人類學家、心理學家、行為學家、進化生態學家和社會學家的貢獻,探討了人類社會中兒童保育的演變及其采用的各種形式。第一章生育負擔與其他猴子相比,婦女首當其沖的是分娩,分娩間隔相對較短,分娩時間較長。

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