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Disrupted Landscapes: State, Peasants and the Politics of Land in Postsocialist Romania (Environment in History: International Perspectives, 8) - Stefan Dorondel March 1, 2016 PDF  BOOKS
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Disrupted Landscapes: State, Peasants and the Politics of Land in Postsocialist Romania (Environment in History: International Perspectives, 8)
Author: Stefan Dorondel
Year: March 1, 2016
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 3.7 MB
Language: English



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Disrupted Landscapes: State, Peasants, and the Politics of Land in Postsocialist Romania The fall of the Soviet Union in 1989 had a profound impact on the national political economies of Eastern Europe, leading to new regimes of ownership and development that would fundamentally reshape the natural world. In the case of postsocialist Romania, this transformation was particularly pronounced, as the country underwent a dramatic shift from collectivization to privatization. This process had far-reaching consequences for the environment, as the transition from state control to private enterprise had a profound impact on the nation's forests, farmlands, and rivers. In "Disrupted Landscapes: State, Peasants, and the Politics of Land in Postsocialist Romania authors Neil Smith and Stephen G. Holmes explore the social and political mechanisms that led to the introduction of neoliberalism into the Romanian landscape. Through painstaking research, they reveal how bureaucrats and peasants alike were affected by the changes brought about by the fall of communism, and how these shifts in power dynamics influenced the management of the country's natural resources. The book begins with an overview of the historical context of Romania's transition from communism to capitalism, highlighting the key players involved in the process and the challenges they faced. From there, the authors delve into the specific ways in which the privatization of land and resources impacted the lives of both peasants and bureaucrats, examining the ways in which their livelihoods were affected by the changing economic and political landscape.
Нарушенные ландшафты: государство, крестьяне и политика земли в постсоциалистической Румынии Падение Советского Союза в 1989 году оказало глубокое влияние на национальную политическую экономику Восточной Европы, что привело к новым режимам собственности и развития, которые коренным образом изменили бы природный мир. В случае с постсоциалистической Румынией эта трансформация была особенно выражена, поскольку в стране произошёл драматический сдвиг от коллективизации к приватизации. Этот процесс имел далеко идущие последствия для окружающей среды, поскольку переход от государственного контроля к частному предпринимательству оказал глубокое влияние на леса, сельскохозяйственные угодья и реки страны. В книге «Нарушенные ландшафты: государство, крестьяне и политика земли в постсоциалистической Румынии» авторы Нил Смит и Стивен Г. Холмс исследуют социальные и политические механизмы, которые привели к внедрению неолиберализма в румынский ландшафт. С помощью кропотливых исследований они показывают, как бюрократы и крестьяне были затронуты изменениями, вызванными падением коммунизма, и как эти сдвиги в динамике власти повлияли на управление природными ресурсами страны. Книга начинается с обзора исторического контекста перехода Румынии от коммунизма к капитализму, освещая ключевых игроков, вовлеченных в процесс, и проблемы, с которыми они столкнулись. Оттуда авторы углубляются в конкретные способы, которыми приватизация земли и ресурсов повлияла на жизнь как крестьян, так и бюрократов, исследуя способы, которыми их средства к существованию были затронуты меняющимся экономическим и политическим ландшафтом.
Paysages perturbés : l'État, les paysans et la politique foncière dans la Roumanie post-socialiste La chute de l'Union soviétique en 1989 a eu un impact profond sur l'économie politique nationale de l'Europe de l'Est, conduisant à de nouveaux régimes de propriété et de développement qui auraient fondamentalement changé le monde naturel. Dans le cas de la Roumanie post-socialiste, cette transformation a été particulièrement marquée, car le pays a connu un changement spectaculaire de la collectivisation à la privatisation. Ce processus a eu des répercussions considérables sur l'environnement, car le passage du contrôle de l'État à l'entreprenariat privé a eu un impact profond sur les forêts, les terres agricoles et les rivières du pays. Dans le livre « Paysages perturbés : l'État, les paysans et la politique foncière dans la Roumanie post-socialiste », les auteurs Neil Smith et Stephen G. Holmes explorent les mécanismes sociaux et politiques qui ont conduit à l'introduction du néolibéralisme dans le paysage roumain. Grâce à des recherches minutieuses, ils montrent comment les bureaucrates et les paysans ont été touchés par les changements causés par la chute du communisme et comment ces changements dans la dynamique du pouvoir ont influencé la gestion des ressources naturelles du pays. livre commence par un aperçu du contexte historique de la transition de la Roumanie du communisme au capitalisme, mettant en lumière les principaux acteurs impliqués dans le processus et les défis auxquels ils ont été confrontés. De là, les auteurs explorent les façons concrètes dont la privatisation des terres et des ressources a influencé la vie des paysans et des bureaucrates, en explorant les façons dont leurs moyens de subsistance ont été affectés par l'évolution du paysage économique et politique.
Paisajes perturbados: Estado, campesinos y política de tierras en la Rumania possocialista La caída de la Unión Soviética en 1989 tuvo un profundo impacto en la economía política nacional de del Este, dando lugar a nuevos regímenes de propiedad y desarrollo que cambiarían radicalmente el mundo natural. En el caso de la Rumanía possocialista, esta transformación fue especialmente pronunciada, ya que se produjo un dramático cambio en el país de la colectivización a la privatización. proceso tuvo consecuencias de largo alcance para el medio ambiente, ya que la transición del control público a la empresa privada tuvo profundas repercusiones en los bosques, las tierras agrícolas y los ríos del país. En el libro «Paisajes perturbados: Estado, campesinos y política de la tierra en la Rumania post-socialista», los autores Neil Smith y Stephen G. Holmes exploran los mecanismos sociales y políticos que llevaron a la introducción del neoliberalismo en el paisaje rumano. A través de estudios minuciosos, muestran cómo burócratas y campesinos se vieron afectados por los cambios causados por la caída del comunismo, y cómo estos cambios en la dinámica del poder afectaron el manejo de los recursos naturales del país. libro comienza con una revisión del contexto histórico de la transición de Rumania del comunismo al capitalismo, destacando los actores clave involucrados en el proceso y los desafíos que enfrentaron. A partir de ahí, los autores profundizan en las formas concretas en que la privatización de tierras y recursos ha afectado la vida tanto de los campesinos como de los burócratas, explorando las formas en que su sustento se ha visto afectado por el cambiante panorama económico y político.
Gestörte Landschaften: Staat, Bauern und Bodenpolitik im postsozialistischen Rumänien Der Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion 1989 hatte tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die nationale politische Wirtschaft Osteuropas und führte zu neuen Eigentums- und Entwicklungsregimen, die die natürliche Welt grundlegend verändern würden. Im Falle des postsozialistischen Rumäniens war diese Transformation besonders ausgeprägt, da das Land einen dramatischen Wandel von der Kollektivierung zur Privatisierung erlebte. Dieser Prozess hatte weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, da der Übergang von staatlicher Kontrolle zu privatem Unternehmertum tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die Wälder, landwirtschaftlichen Flächen und Flüsse des Landes hatte. In „Gestörte Landschaften: Staat, Bauern und Bodenpolitik im postsozialistischen Rumänien“ untersuchen die Autoren Neil Smith und Stephen G. Holmes die sozialen und politischen Mechanismen, die zur Einführung des Neoliberalismus in die rumänische Landschaft geführt haben. Durch sorgfältige Forschung zeigen sie, wie Bürokraten und Bauern von den Veränderungen durch den Zusammenbruch des Kommunismus betroffen waren und wie diese Verschiebungen in der Machtdynamik die Bewirtschaftung der natürlichen Ressourcen des Landes beeinflussten. Das Buch beginnt mit einem Überblick über den historischen Kontext des Übergangs Rumäniens vom Kommunismus zum Kapitalismus und beleuchtet die wichtigsten Akteure des Prozesses und die Herausforderungen, mit denen sie konfrontiert sind. Von dort aus vertiefen sich die Autoren in die spezifischen Möglichkeiten, wie die Privatisierung von Land und Ressourcen das ben von Bauern und Bürokraten gleichermaßen beeinflusst hat, und untersuchen, wie ihre bensgrundlagen durch die sich verändernde wirtschaftliche und politische Landschaft beeinflusst wurden.
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Rahatsız Manzaralar: Sosyalist Sonrası Romanya'da Devlet, Köylüler ve Toprak Politikaları 1989'da Sovyetler Birliği'nin çöküşü, Doğu Avrupa'nın ulusal politik ekonomisi üzerinde derin bir etkiye sahipti ve bu da doğal dünyayı temelden değiştirecek yeni mülkiyet ve kalkınma rejimlerine yol açtı. Sosyalizm sonrası Romanya örneğinde, bu dönüşüm özellikle belirgindi, çünkü ülke kolektifleştirmeden özelleştirmeye dramatik bir değişim geçirdi. Hükümet kontrolünden özel teşebbüse geçişin ülkenin ormanları, tarım arazileri ve nehirleri üzerinde derin bir etkisi olduğu için sürecin çevre için geniş kapsamlı sonuçları oldu. Neil Smith ve Stephen G. Holmes, "Disturbed Landscapes: State, Villagers, and Land Politics in Post-Socialist Romania" (Rahatsız Manzaralar: Post-Sosyalist Romanya'da Devlet, Köylüler ve Toprak Politikaları) adlı kitabında, neoliberalizmin Romanya manzarasına girmesine yol açan sosyal ve politik mekanizmaları inceliyor. Özenli araştırmalarla, bürokratların ve köylülerin komünizmin çöküşünün getirdiği değişimlerden nasıl etkilendiklerini ve güç dinamiklerindeki bu değişimlerin ülkenin doğal kaynaklarının yönetimini nasıl etkilediğini gösteriyorlar. Kitap, Romanya'nın komünizmden kapitalizme geçişinin tarihsel bağlamını gözden geçirerek, süreçte yer alan kilit oyuncuları ve karşılaştıkları zorlukları vurgulayarak başlıyor. Oradan, yazarlar, toprak ve kaynak özelleştirmesinin hem köylülerin hem de bürokratların yaşamlarını nasıl etkilediğini, geçim kaynaklarının değişen ekonomik ve politik manzaradan nasıl etkilendiğini araştırıyorlar.
المناظر الطبيعية المضطربة: الدولة والفلاحون وسياسة الأراضي في رومانيا ما بعد الاشتراكية كان لسقوط الاتحاد السوفيتي في عام 1989 تأثير عميق على الاقتصاد السياسي الوطني لأوروبا الشرقية، مما أدى إلى أنظمة جديدة للملكية والتنمية من شأنها أن تغير العالم الطبيعي بشكل أساسي. في حالة رومانيا ما بعد الاشتراكية، كان هذا التحول واضحًا بشكل خاص، حيث مر البلد بتحول كبير من التجميع إلى الخصخصة. كان للعملية عواقب بعيدة المدى على البيئة، حيث كان للانتقال من سيطرة الحكومة إلى المشاريع الخاصة تأثير عميق على غابات البلاد والأراضي الزراعية والأنهار. في «المناظر الطبيعية المضطربة: الدولة والفلاحون وسياسة الأراضي في رومانيا ما بعد الاشتراكية»، يستكشف المؤلفان نيل سميث وستيفن جي هولمز الآليات الاجتماعية والسياسية التي أدت إلى إدخال الليبرالية الجديدة في المشهد الروماني. من خلال البحث المضني، أظهروا كيف تأثر البيروقراطيون والفلاحون بالتغييرات التي أحدثها سقوط الشيوعية، وكيف أثرت هذه التحولات في ديناميكيات السلطة على إدارة الموارد الطبيعية للبلاد. يبدأ الكتاب بمراجعة السياق التاريخي لانتقال رومانيا من الشيوعية إلى الرأسمالية، وتسليط الضوء على اللاعبين الرئيسيين المشاركين في العملية والتحديات التي واجهوها. من هناك، يتعمق المؤلفون في الطرق المحددة التي أثرت بها خصخصة الأراضي والموارد على حياة كل من الفلاحين والبيروقراطيين، ويستكشفون الطرق التي تأثرت بها سبل عيشهم من المشهد الاقتصادي والسياسي المتغير.

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