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Life at Rock Surfaces: Challenged by Extreme Light, Temperature and Hydration Fluctuations (Life in Extreme Environments, 9) - Burkhard Budel June 8, 2021 PDF  BOOKS
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Life at Rock Surfaces: Challenged by Extreme Light, Temperature and Hydration Fluctuations (Life in Extreme Environments, 9)
Author: Burkhard Budel
Year: June 8, 2021
Format: PDF
File size: PDF 13 MB
Language: English



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Life at Rock Surfaces Challenged by Extreme Light Temperature and Hydration Fluctuations: A Call for Understanding and Unification Life at rock surfaces is a fascinating and challenging endeavor, with extreme light temperature and hydration fluctuations posing a constant threat to the survival of micro- and small-sized organisms that inhabit these harsh environments. Despite these obstacles, these organisms have adapted and evolved to thrive in the most unlikely of places, forming complex communities that interact with their substrate and each other in intricate ways. From epilithic organisms that live on the surface of rocks without penetrating them, to endolithic organisms that reside just beneath the surface using a thin layer of protection against adverse environmental conditions, to chasmoendolithic organisms that utilize fractures within the rock surface for a more habitable environment, the diversity of life at rock surfaces is astounding.
Жизнь на поверхностях горных пород, испытываемая экстремальными колебаниями температуры и гидратации света: Призыв к пониманию и унификации Жизнь на поверхностях горных пород является увлекательным и сложным делом, поскольку экстремальные колебания температуры и гидратации света представляют постоянную угрозу для выживания микро- и мелкие организмы, населяющие эти суровые условия. Несмотря на эти препятствия, эти организмы адаптировались и эволюционировали, чтобы процветать в самых маловероятных местах, образуя сложные сообщества, которые взаимодействуют со своим субстратом и друг с другом сложными способами. Разнообразие жизни на поверхности горных пород поразительно: от эпилитических организмов, которые живут на поверхности горных пород, не проникая в них, до эндолитических организмов, которые живут непосредственно под поверхностью, используя тонкий слой защиты от неблагоприятных условий окружающей среды, до хазмоэндолитических организмов, которые используют трещины внутри поверхности горных пород для более пригодной для жизни среды.
Vivre sur des surfaces rocheuses soumises à des fluctuations extrêmes de la température et de l'hydratation de la lumière : un appel à la compréhension et à l'unification La vie sur des surfaces rocheuses est fascinante et complexe, car les fluctuations extrêmes de la température et de l'hydratation de la lumière constituent une menace permanente pour la survie des microorganismes et des petits organismes qui vivent dans ces conditions difficiles. Malgré ces obstacles, ces organismes se sont adaptés et ont évolué pour prospérer dans les endroits les plus improbables, formant des communautés complexes qui interagissent avec leur substrat et les uns avec les autres de manière complexe. La diversité de la vie à la surface des roches est frappante : des organismes épilitaires qui vivent à la surface des roches sans y pénétrer, aux organismes endolytiques qui vivent directement sous la surface, en utilisant une fine couche de protection contre les conditions environnementales défavorables, aux organismes hazmoendolitiques qui utilisent les fissures à l'intérieur de la surface des roches pour un environnement plus habitable.
La vida en las superficies rocosas experimentada por las fluctuaciones extremas de la temperatura y la hidratación de la luz: una llamada a la comprensión y la unificación La vida en las superficies rocosas es un asunto fascinante y complejo, ya que las fluctuaciones extremas de la temperatura y la hidratación de la luz representan una amenaza constante para la supervivencia de los organismos micro y pequeños que habitan estas duras condiciones. A pesar de estos obstáculos, estos organismos se han adaptado y evolucionado para prosperar en los lugares más improbables, formando comunidades complejas que interactúan con su sustrato y entre sí de formas complejas. La diversidad de la vida en la superficie de las rocas es sorprendente: desde los organismos epilíticos que viven en la superficie de las rocas sin penetrar en ellas, hasta los organismos endolíticos que viven directamente debajo de la superficie, utilizando una capa delgada de protección contra las condiciones ambientales adversas, hasta los organismos hazmoendolíticos que utilizan grietas dentro de la superficie de las rocas para un ambiente más habitable.
ben auf Gesteinsoberflächen durch extreme Temperaturschwankungen und Lichthydratation erfahren: Ein Aufruf zum Verständnis und zur Vereinheitlichung Das ben auf Gesteinsoberflächen ist eine faszinierende und herausfordernde Angelegenheit, da extreme Temperaturschwankungen und Lichthydratationen eine ständige Bedrohung für das Überleben der Mikro- und Kleinorganismen darstellen, die diese rauen Bedingungen bewohnen. Trotz dieser Hindernisse haben sich diese Organismen angepasst und entwickelt, um an den unwahrscheinlichsten Orten zu gedeihen und komplexe Gemeinschaften zu bilden, die auf komplexe Weise mit ihrem Substrat und miteinander interagieren. Die Vielfalt des bens auf der Oberfläche von Gesteinen ist erstaunlich: von epilitischen Organismen, die auf der Oberfläche von Gesteinen leben, ohne sie zu durchdringen, über endolytische Organismen, die direkt unter der Oberfläche leben und eine dünne Schutzschicht gegen ungünstige Umweltbedingungen verwenden, bis hin zu hazmoendolytischen Organismen, die Risse in der Oberfläche von Gesteinen für eine lebenswertere Umgebung nutzen.
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Sıcaklıktaki aşırı dalgalanmalar ve ışığın hidrasyonu ile yaşanan kaya yüzeylerindeki yaşam: Anlama ve birleştirme çağrısı Kaya yüzeylerindeki yaşam büyüleyici ve karmaşık bir çabadır, çünkü sıcaklıktaki aşırı dalgalanmalar ve ışığın hidrasyonu, bu zorlu koşullarda yaşayan mikro ve küçük organizmaların hayatta kalması için sürekli bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu engellere rağmen, bu organizmalar, en olası olmayan yerlerde gelişmek için adapte olmuş ve evrimleşmiş, alt tabakalarıyla ve birbirleriyle karmaşık şekillerde etkileşime giren karmaşık topluluklar oluşturmuşlardır. Kayaların yüzeyindeki yaşam çeşitliliği, kayaların yüzeyine nüfuz etmeden yaşayan epilitik organizmalardan, olumsuz çevre koşullarına karşı ince bir koruma tabakası kullanarak doğrudan yüzeyin altında yaşayan endolitik organizmalara, kayaların yüzeyindeki çatlaklardan yararlanan hazmoendolitik organizmalara kadar çarpıcıdır. daha yaşanabilir bir ortam için.
الحياة على الأسطح الصخرية تعاني من التقلبات الشديدة في درجة الحرارة وترطيب الضوء: دعوة للفهم والتوحيد الحياة على الأسطح الصخرية مسعى رائع ومعقد لأن التقلبات الشديدة في درجة الحرارة وترطيب الضوء تشكل تهديدًا دائمًا لبقاء الكائنات الدقيقة والصغيرة التي تعيش في هذه الظروف القاسية. على الرغم من هذه العقبات، تكيفت هذه الكائنات وتطورت لتزدهر في الأماكن الأكثر احتمالا، وشكلت مجتمعات معقدة تتفاعل مع ركائزها ومع بعضها البعض بطرق معقدة. إن تنوع الحياة على سطح الصخور مذهل، من الكائنات الحية الصرعية التي تعيش على سطح الصخور دون اختراقها، إلى الكائنات المتحللة التي تعيش مباشرة تحت السطح باستخدام طبقة رقيقة من الحماية ضد الظروف البيئية الضارة، إلى الكائنات الحية الخطرة التي تستغل الشقوق داخل سطح الصخور من أجل بيئة أكثر صلاحية للسكن.

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